Search Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School The
... synchronous neuronal firing that define epileptic seizures. Many investigators have suggested, however, that astroglia play a significant role in epilepsy (26, 27, 28). This theory allows for synchronous neuronal firing involving the domains of many astrocytes acting as a syncytium. A calcium wave p ...
... synchronous neuronal firing that define epileptic seizures. Many investigators have suggested, however, that astroglia play a significant role in epilepsy (26, 27, 28). This theory allows for synchronous neuronal firing involving the domains of many astrocytes acting as a syncytium. A calcium wave p ...
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4
... Khoshnazar, Azami, & Heidari, 2011). Some studies on the animal models have shown that MDMA administration also impairs adult neurogenesis (Capilla-Gonzalez & Hernandez-Rabaza, 2011). It has been reported that MDMA can reduce the proliferation rate under some administration patterns (Cho et al., 200 ...
... Khoshnazar, Azami, & Heidari, 2011). Some studies on the animal models have shown that MDMA administration also impairs adult neurogenesis (Capilla-Gonzalez & Hernandez-Rabaza, 2011). It has been reported that MDMA can reduce the proliferation rate under some administration patterns (Cho et al., 200 ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... BamHI for Gucy2d, HindIII for Sema3b and BamHI for Sema3f and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with a 5⬘ external probe for Gucy2d, and 3⬘ external probes for Sema3b and Sema3f. DNA of positive clones was digested with HindIII or EcoRI for Sema3b and Sema3f, respectively, and probed with 5⬘ e ...
... BamHI for Gucy2d, HindIII for Sema3b and BamHI for Sema3f and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with a 5⬘ external probe for Gucy2d, and 3⬘ external probes for Sema3b and Sema3f. DNA of positive clones was digested with HindIII or EcoRI for Sema3b and Sema3f, respectively, and probed with 5⬘ e ...
Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signaling controls the migration and
... CXCR4, represent the best-known chemokine ligand/receptor pair. Interestingly, besides their involvement in a battery of processes in the immune system, chemokines and their receptors are expressed by all major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), and a growing body of evidence shows that ...
... CXCR4, represent the best-known chemokine ligand/receptor pair. Interestingly, besides their involvement in a battery of processes in the immune system, chemokines and their receptors are expressed by all major cell types in the central nervous system (CNS), and a growing body of evidence shows that ...
Nicotine addiction and comorbidity with alcohol abuse and mental
... synaptic changes and neuroadaptations to nicotine occur after only one exposure17,18. In addition, adolescent rats show hypersensitivity to the reinforcing actions of nicotine, as demonstrated by intravenous self-administration and conditioned place preference19,20. Tobacco can have positive effects ...
... synaptic changes and neuroadaptations to nicotine occur after only one exposure17,18. In addition, adolescent rats show hypersensitivity to the reinforcing actions of nicotine, as demonstrated by intravenous self-administration and conditioned place preference19,20. Tobacco can have positive effects ...
Aberrant changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y in brain of a
... effects of classic antiepileptic drugs caused by their action mechanism could not be totally avoided (Kovac and Walker 2013). The disruption of the delicate balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission contributing to the overexcited neuronal activity in mammalian brain has been propo ...
... effects of classic antiepileptic drugs caused by their action mechanism could not be totally avoided (Kovac and Walker 2013). The disruption of the delicate balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission contributing to the overexcited neuronal activity in mammalian brain has been propo ...
Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... The population of superior olivary complex neuronsthat provides efferent innervation to the hair cells of the organ of Corti, the olivocochlear system,hasbeendivided into lateral and medial componentsby Warr (1975, 1978)and his colleagues(Warr and Guinan, 1979;Warr et al., 1982, 1986;Adams, 1983; Gu ...
... The population of superior olivary complex neuronsthat provides efferent innervation to the hair cells of the organ of Corti, the olivocochlear system,hasbeendivided into lateral and medial componentsby Warr (1975, 1978)and his colleagues(Warr and Guinan, 1979;Warr et al., 1982, 1986;Adams, 1983; Gu ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... reticular formation and instead attribute its functions to the activity of specific systems that promote arousal using acetylcholine, glutamate, or monoamine neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin, and dopamine). These neurotransmitters are generally considered to produce arou ...
... reticular formation and instead attribute its functions to the activity of specific systems that promote arousal using acetylcholine, glutamate, or monoamine neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin, and dopamine). These neurotransmitters are generally considered to produce arou ...
Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila
... The dendrites and axons of insect neurons can undergo dramatic remodeling during the metamorphic transition from larva to adult to match the stark behavioral differences between these stages. Some dendritic trees and axons are pruned under the control of the steroid hormone ecdysone, acting through ...
... The dendrites and axons of insect neurons can undergo dramatic remodeling during the metamorphic transition from larva to adult to match the stark behavioral differences between these stages. Some dendritic trees and axons are pruned under the control of the steroid hormone ecdysone, acting through ...
Document
... surrounded by several tyrosines that serve as phosphorylation- dependent docking sites for cytoplasmic adaptors and enzymes (Reichardt, 2006). Thus, the main mechanism of action, when Trks bind to neurotrophins, is the activation through transphosphorylation of the kinases present in their cytoplasm ...
... surrounded by several tyrosines that serve as phosphorylation- dependent docking sites for cytoplasmic adaptors and enzymes (Reichardt, 2006). Thus, the main mechanism of action, when Trks bind to neurotrophins, is the activation through transphosphorylation of the kinases present in their cytoplasm ...
Recombinant thrombin receptor and related pharmaceuticals
... far, Whether proteolytic cleavage by thrombin is involved in ...
... far, Whether proteolytic cleavage by thrombin is involved in ...
Morphology and Physiology of the Cerebellar Vestibulolateral Lobe
... fact the cerebellar area related to eye and head movement signal processing (Michnovicz and Bennett 1987; Pastor et al. 1994a; Weiser et al. 1988). The role of VL was directly corroborated by recording both ipsilateral (EI) and contralateral (EII) horizontal eye velocity–related activity that, unlik ...
... fact the cerebellar area related to eye and head movement signal processing (Michnovicz and Bennett 1987; Pastor et al. 1994a; Weiser et al. 1988). The role of VL was directly corroborated by recording both ipsilateral (EI) and contralateral (EII) horizontal eye velocity–related activity that, unlik ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... from suboccipital neck muscles and dura mater was also tested. The mechanoreceptive ®eld was mapped by applying non-noxious and noxious stimuli. The two-dimensional features of the cutaneous receptive ®eld were transferred to a 1 : 1 drawing of the rat's head and neck. Non-noxious stimuli were appli ...
... from suboccipital neck muscles and dura mater was also tested. The mechanoreceptive ®eld was mapped by applying non-noxious and noxious stimuli. The two-dimensional features of the cutaneous receptive ®eld were transferred to a 1 : 1 drawing of the rat's head and neck. Non-noxious stimuli were appli ...
How Acupuncture works - Chinese Acupuncture Associates on the
... Are implicated in descending inhibitory analgesia induced by acupuncture. It was well demonstrated that AP-induced descending pain inhibitory effects is to happen At dorsal horn of the spinal cord[28]. In further studies,the descending axons act on pain impulse pathway to elicit analgesia By followi ...
... Are implicated in descending inhibitory analgesia induced by acupuncture. It was well demonstrated that AP-induced descending pain inhibitory effects is to happen At dorsal horn of the spinal cord[28]. In further studies,the descending axons act on pain impulse pathway to elicit analgesia By followi ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... µm of the striatal border) i.e., the lateral and rostral poles of the GP (hereafter referred to as ‘lateral neurons’). The second group is located in the more medial and caudal aspects of the GP (hereafter referred to as ‘medial neurons’). Neurons in both groups possess extensive local axonal arbori ...
... µm of the striatal border) i.e., the lateral and rostral poles of the GP (hereafter referred to as ‘lateral neurons’). The second group is located in the more medial and caudal aspects of the GP (hereafter referred to as ‘medial neurons’). Neurons in both groups possess extensive local axonal arbori ...
BDNF-induced local protein synthesis and synaptic
... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important regulator of synaptic transmission and longterm potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus and in other brain regions, playing a role in the formation of certain forms of memory. The effects of BDNF in LTP are mediated by TrkB (tropomyosin-related ...
... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important regulator of synaptic transmission and longterm potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus and in other brain regions, playing a role in the formation of certain forms of memory. The effects of BDNF in LTP are mediated by TrkB (tropomyosin-related ...
Olfactory pathway
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
Tang et al - Pro Aid Autisme
... through adolescence. Consistently, the density of dendritic spines peaks in early childhood and is followed by a steep decline during late childhood and adolescence to adult levels (Penzes et al., 2011), a process that provides selection and maturation of synapses and neural circuits. While ASDs exh ...
... through adolescence. Consistently, the density of dendritic spines peaks in early childhood and is followed by a steep decline during late childhood and adolescence to adult levels (Penzes et al., 2011), a process that provides selection and maturation of synapses and neural circuits. While ASDs exh ...
Serine racemase: a KEY PLAYER in NEURON activity and in
... Lys56 and PLP. When the hydroxyl group of the quinonoid intermediate is protonated, a -elimination takes place, with formation of -aminoacrylate (4), an unstable intermediate that is readily hydrolyzed to ammonia and pyruvate. The protonation can be carried out by either Ser84 or Lys56 depending o ...
... Lys56 and PLP. When the hydroxyl group of the quinonoid intermediate is protonated, a -elimination takes place, with formation of -aminoacrylate (4), an unstable intermediate that is readily hydrolyzed to ammonia and pyruvate. The protonation can be carried out by either Ser84 or Lys56 depending o ...
Somatic sensation and pain
... posterior groups of nuclei; projections to the primary sensory cortex and Sylvian fissure – Medial divisions terminates in the intralaminar complex; projections to hypothalamus, amygdaloid nuclei and limbic cortex (arousal and autonomic responses) – Paleospinothalamic fibers project onto the medial ...
... posterior groups of nuclei; projections to the primary sensory cortex and Sylvian fissure – Medial divisions terminates in the intralaminar complex; projections to hypothalamus, amygdaloid nuclei and limbic cortex (arousal and autonomic responses) – Paleospinothalamic fibers project onto the medial ...
mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS Motoharu Yoshida,
... Persistent firing is believed to be a crucial mechanism for memory function including working memory. Recent in vivo and in vitro findings suggest an involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in persistent firing. Using whole-cell patch-recording techniques in a rat entorhinal cortex ...
... Persistent firing is believed to be a crucial mechanism for memory function including working memory. Recent in vivo and in vitro findings suggest an involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in persistent firing. Using whole-cell patch-recording techniques in a rat entorhinal cortex ...
Full version (PDF file)
... N-acetylcysteine, decreased blood pressure and heart rate and improved the chronotropic response to isoproterenol, in association with the inhibition of sympathetic activity (Girouard et al. 2003). In young healthy men, melatonin reduced pulsatile index and systolic blood pressure along with norepin ...
... N-acetylcysteine, decreased blood pressure and heart rate and improved the chronotropic response to isoproterenol, in association with the inhibition of sympathetic activity (Girouard et al. 2003). In young healthy men, melatonin reduced pulsatile index and systolic blood pressure along with norepin ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...