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ben_slides2
ben_slides2

... emergence of novel perceptual qualities that were not present in each individual odorant ...
Concepts of Neurobiology
Concepts of Neurobiology

...  CNS: neurons, composed of:  Cell body, contains nucleus  Axon, transmits message to next cell  Dendrites, receives messages from cells  Three classes of neurons in CNS  Afferent (sensory)  Efferent (motor)  Interneurons in CNS ...
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Organization of the Nervous System
Organization of the Nervous System

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chapt10answers

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... must locate and evaluate sources of food and avoid becoming food for predators. They must identify mating partners so that they can pass on their genes. Evolutionary pressure has thus produced elaborate olfactory systems that contribute to the survival of both the individual and the species. In the ...
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... and prefrontal cortex. Dopamine binds to dopamine receptors on other neurons. This leads to the rewarding effects of smoking, such as relaxation, a “buzz”, or an increased ability to focus. ...
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... immortalized MCF-10A cells and a derivative cell line, MCF-10A.B2 expressing an inducibly active variant of ErbB2. The study examined three assays (cell proliferation, migration and 3-D matrigel acinar morphogenesis) and the LPAR1 scored positive in all three; thus, it was determined to be a proto-o ...
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File
File

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Endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors in the brain that are involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory; it mediates the psychoactive effects of cannabis and, broadly speaking, includes: The endogenous arachidonate-based lipids, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); these are known as ""endocannabinoids"" and are physiological ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Endocannabinoids are all eicosanoids. The enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endocannabinoids, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, two G protein-coupled receptors that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems.The neurons, neural pathways, and other cells where these molecules, enzymes, and one or both cannabinoid receptor types are all colocalized form the endocannabinoid system.The endocannabinoid system has been studied using genetic and pharmacological methods. These studies have revealed that cannabinoids act as neuromodulators for a variety of processes, including motor learning, appetite, and pain sensation, among other cognitive and physical processes. The localization of the CB1 receptor in the endocannabinoid system has a very large degree of overlap with the orexinergic projection system, which mediates many of the same functions, both physical and cognitive. Moreover, CB1 is colocalized on orexin projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output structures of the orexin system, where the CB1 and orexin receptor 1 (OX1) receptors physically and functionally join together to form the CB1–OX1 receptor heterodimer.
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