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Sample Midterm Exam
Sample Midterm Exam

... 12. How does the tongue of a supertaster differ from the tongue of a non-taster? A. supertasters have more foliate papillae on their tongues than non-tasters do B. non-tasters have no fungiform papillae on the tongue, supertasters have them C. supertasters have many more fungiform papillae on the t ...
AP Psychology - Ms. Hofmann`s Website
AP Psychology - Ms. Hofmann`s Website

... Google: Neurons the messengers and click on the following site: http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/morris2/chapter2/medialib/summary/1.html ...
E.4.4 List three examples of excitatory and three examples of
E.4.4 List three examples of excitatory and three examples of

... Level of the Colony in the Case of Social Organisms. In the case of social animals, especially colonies, most of the individuals have very similar DNA so their genes are still getting passed down even if they aren't themselves reproducing. So these animals will sacrifice themselves for the greater g ...
HPA Axis Activation and Hippocampal Atrophy
HPA Axis Activation and Hippocampal Atrophy

... by Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) in hypothalamus and results in the release of adrenal cortex hormone, cortisol. Higher centers, such as cortex and limbic system, also involve in this reaction, especially the amygdala and hippocampus. Generally, hippocampus has inhibiting effect towards HPA axis. On ...
11/10/16 Memory Part 2 Reinforcement learning (12.2) • Involves a
11/10/16 Memory Part 2 Reinforcement learning (12.2) • Involves a

... If classical conditioning is implemented by neurons there should be a neuronal mechanism that mimics it Fact 1: synaptic modification occurs only if there is Ca2+ entry in a synapse ...
The Nervous System – Use notebook paper if
The Nervous System – Use notebook paper if

... interact with other organ systems to serve the needs of cells for oxygen, food, waste removal, and maintaining homeostasis? ...
Chapter 2A Practice Test
Chapter 2A Practice Test

... glial cell spaptrc vesicle. ...
225.1 Bogenmann
225.1 Bogenmann

... induces low-level of trkA gene expression while GDNF synergizes with CNTF to enhance TRKA protein levels. Additional presence of NGF leads to extensive neuronal differentiation manifested by neurite outgrowth. NB differentiation is accompanied by cessation of cell proliferation, expression of neuron ...
The Nervous System : communication
The Nervous System : communication

... Strychnine poisoning can be fatal to humans and animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors. It primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contrac ...
Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses
Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

... First relay station for taste information is the nucleus of the solitary tract (medulla) Taste information is then transmitted to primary gustatory cortex, to the amygdala, and to the hypothalamus ...
Ch 09 Nervous System
Ch 09 Nervous System

... Strychnine poisoning can be fatal to humans and animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth Strychnine is a neurotoxin which acts as an antagonist of acetylcholine receptors. It primarily affects the motor nerves in the spinal cord which control muscle contrac ...
Senses powerpoint
Senses powerpoint

... A. All sensory receptors are transducers of some sort, that is, they change an incoming stimulus of pressure, vibration, light, etc., into electro-chemical neuron impulses. Each is specific in that it can transduce only certain types of stimuli into neuron action potentials. B. Perception - consciou ...
34-Sensory-Mechanism
34-Sensory-Mechanism

... A cross-sectional view of the cochlea with three canals ...
Human Nerve Chapter
Human Nerve Chapter

... During daily activities, animals must detect changes in their internal and external environments and react to those changes in an appropriate manner to maintain a constant internal environment and respond to changes in the external environment. In vertebrates, these functions are controlled by two o ...
The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste
The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste

... structures called papillae: vallate, foliate and fungiform There are subtle regional differences in sensitivity to different tastes over the lingual surface, but most of the tongue is sensitive to all tastes. ...
Eye to cortex
Eye to cortex

... Vision is more than what we see. ...
1. Intro to Nervous System WEB
1. Intro to Nervous System WEB

... • Action potentials (nerve impulses) start at the axon hillock & travel along the axon to the axon terminal • Arrival of action potential causes the release of neurotransmitters across a synapse to the dentrites of the next neuron • Neurotransmitters can excite or inhibit the next neuron ...
CHANGES OF THE CELL BODY OF NEURONS IN CENTRAL
CHANGES OF THE CELL BODY OF NEURONS IN CENTRAL

Unit 1 PPT 6 (2cii Signal transduction)
Unit 1 PPT 6 (2cii Signal transduction)

... phosphorylation of its receptor and associated signal molecules, triggering PIP3 production and its associated cascade. This gives rise to expression of glucose transporter Glut 4 on the plasma membrane, increasing intracellular glucose levels. Additionally, glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis are p ...
Chapter 9—Sensory Systems. I. Sensory receptors receive stimuli
Chapter 9—Sensory Systems. I. Sensory receptors receive stimuli

... iii. Cones contain the same retinal pigment as rods, but it is attached to other forms of opsin, which respond to blue, green, or red light wavelengths. 1. The brain interprets color according to how strongly each type of cone is stimulated. iv. When a photon of light strikes a visual pigment, it ca ...
4-Taste and smell - Science-with
4-Taste and smell - Science-with

...  Detection of a specific airborne chemicals that stimulates an olfactory cell to produce action potential that is perceived in the olfactory bulb.  Olfactory receptor cells are neurons that line the upper portion of the nasal cavity  Binding of odorant molecules to receptors triggers a signal tra ...
Document
Document

... •Aβ fibre active •Inhibitory interneurone active •Inhibitory interneurone reduces C fibre activation of projection neurone ...
Full size lecture slides (PowerPoint file, 7.3 MB)
Full size lecture slides (PowerPoint file, 7.3 MB)

... •Aβ fibre active •Inhibitory interneurone active •Inhibitory interneurone reduces C fibre activation of projection neurone ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... C. Brain Stem (Medulla) ...
File
File

... across synapse. Molecules are correct shape to fit receptor molecules in membrane of motor neuron • 3) Nerve impulse stimulated in motor neuron. Chemical is then absorbed back into the sensory neuron to be used again. ...
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Endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors in the brain that are involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory; it mediates the psychoactive effects of cannabis and, broadly speaking, includes: The endogenous arachidonate-based lipids, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); these are known as ""endocannabinoids"" and are physiological ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Endocannabinoids are all eicosanoids. The enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endocannabinoids, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, two G protein-coupled receptors that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems.The neurons, neural pathways, and other cells where these molecules, enzymes, and one or both cannabinoid receptor types are all colocalized form the endocannabinoid system.The endocannabinoid system has been studied using genetic and pharmacological methods. These studies have revealed that cannabinoids act as neuromodulators for a variety of processes, including motor learning, appetite, and pain sensation, among other cognitive and physical processes. The localization of the CB1 receptor in the endocannabinoid system has a very large degree of overlap with the orexinergic projection system, which mediates many of the same functions, both physical and cognitive. Moreover, CB1 is colocalized on orexin projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output structures of the orexin system, where the CB1 and orexin receptor 1 (OX1) receptors physically and functionally join together to form the CB1–OX1 receptor heterodimer.
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