Review Sheet
... 6. Use partial orbital diagrams to show how the atomic orbitals of the central atom lead to hybrid orbitals in a given compound or polyatomic ion. 7. Identify σ bonds and π bonds in a given Lewis structure. What is a σ bond? What is a π bond? When does each type of bond occur? 8. Identify what type ...
... 6. Use partial orbital diagrams to show how the atomic orbitals of the central atom lead to hybrid orbitals in a given compound or polyatomic ion. 7. Identify σ bonds and π bonds in a given Lewis structure. What is a σ bond? What is a π bond? When does each type of bond occur? 8. Identify what type ...
Ch 8 Bonding and Molecular Structure 06-Nov
... Χ = 4.0 – 2.2 = 1.8 Compound is covalent boind Because of the difference in Electronegativity for HF, the compound is polar. Nonpolar bonds form when the difference in electronegativity is less than 0.5 Polar bonds form when the difference in electronegativity is greater than 0.5 Ionic bonds form wh ...
... Χ = 4.0 – 2.2 = 1.8 Compound is covalent boind Because of the difference in Electronegativity for HF, the compound is polar. Nonpolar bonds form when the difference in electronegativity is less than 0.5 Polar bonds form when the difference in electronegativity is greater than 0.5 Ionic bonds form wh ...
CHEM 11 Practice Exam 2
... 8) Which of the following is a general trend from left to right in the periodic table of elements? A) atomic radius increases; ionization energy increases B) atomic radius increases; ionization energy decreases C) atomic radius decreases; ionization energy increases D) atomic radius decreases; ioni ...
... 8) Which of the following is a general trend from left to right in the periodic table of elements? A) atomic radius increases; ionization energy increases B) atomic radius increases; ionization energy decreases C) atomic radius decreases; ionization energy increases D) atomic radius decreases; ioni ...
Unit 16 Worksheet - Jensen Chemistry
... b. Captured cosmic rays from the sun contained helium. c. Investigation of the size of solar flares suggested that they consisted of material twice the mass of hydrogen. d. Meteorites that had traveled through the sun’s atmosphere contained helium. 3. Experiments performed to reveal the structure of ...
... b. Captured cosmic rays from the sun contained helium. c. Investigation of the size of solar flares suggested that they consisted of material twice the mass of hydrogen. d. Meteorites that had traveled through the sun’s atmosphere contained helium. 3. Experiments performed to reveal the structure of ...
chemia simr01 en - Leszek Niedzicki
... accumulated in a small volume (not distributed on any neutrons); • In molecules in which hydrogen gives his electron away to atoms with strong affinity towards electrons (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine) its electron (although formally shared) is ‘closer’ to the other atom; • Hydrogen is ‘looking’ f ...
... accumulated in a small volume (not distributed on any neutrons); • In molecules in which hydrogen gives his electron away to atoms with strong affinity towards electrons (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine) its electron (although formally shared) is ‘closer’ to the other atom; • Hydrogen is ‘looking’ f ...
Atom (A) or Ion (I)
... 83. What is molarity? 84. If I have 2.5 mol of calcium carbonate in .30 L of solution, what is the molarity? 85. If I have 700.0 mL of a 5.0 M NaOH solution, how many grams of NaOH were used to make the solution? 86. What is meant by chemical equilibrium? 87. What factors affect the rate of a reacti ...
... 83. What is molarity? 84. If I have 2.5 mol of calcium carbonate in .30 L of solution, what is the molarity? 85. If I have 700.0 mL of a 5.0 M NaOH solution, how many grams of NaOH were used to make the solution? 86. What is meant by chemical equilibrium? 87. What factors affect the rate of a reacti ...
Chemistry primer Atom = the smallest unit of an element Element
... Atoms have the same number of e- and P+ Ion: in an ion the number of e- is not equal to the number of P+ Charge = number of P+ minus number of eAtomic weight is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons Atomic number si equal to the number protons Atomic number determines the ident ...
... Atoms have the same number of e- and P+ Ion: in an ion the number of e- is not equal to the number of P+ Charge = number of P+ minus number of eAtomic weight is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons Atomic number si equal to the number protons Atomic number determines the ident ...
PDF (6col)
... If, after step sharing single pairs of electrons a central atom still does not have an octet, make a multiple bond by changing a lone pair from one of the surrounding atoms into a bonding pair to the central atom. ...
... If, after step sharing single pairs of electrons a central atom still does not have an octet, make a multiple bond by changing a lone pair from one of the surrounding atoms into a bonding pair to the central atom. ...
Type of Bonding
... • the (+) nucleus of a nonpolar atom attracts the (-) charged electrons of another nonpolar atom resulting in instantaneous, induced, dipoles and fluctuating electron ...
... • the (+) nucleus of a nonpolar atom attracts the (-) charged electrons of another nonpolar atom resulting in instantaneous, induced, dipoles and fluctuating electron ...
Metal Questions
... 10. Which electrons are lost by an atom of iron when it forms the Fe3ion? A. One s orbital electron and two d orbital electrons B. Two s orbital electrons and one d orbital electron C. Three s orbital electrons D. Three d orbital electrons (2000) Give the electronic configuration of the d-block el ...
... 10. Which electrons are lost by an atom of iron when it forms the Fe3ion? A. One s orbital electron and two d orbital electrons B. Two s orbital electrons and one d orbital electron C. Three s orbital electrons D. Three d orbital electrons (2000) Give the electronic configuration of the d-block el ...
Chapter 4 The Structure of Matter
... – (a) atoms can slide past each other without breaking their bonds ...
... – (a) atoms can slide past each other without breaking their bonds ...
The Chemical Bond
... B2, C2, O2, F2, Ne2, and Ne2+. Give the term symbol for the C2 molecule in its ground state, assuming its electronic configuration is…(2pπ)2; i.e., that there is an electron in each of the degenerate orbitals 2pπx and 2pπy. 9. Sketch the MO energy diagrams of CO, NO, and CN¯. Compare your results to ...
... B2, C2, O2, F2, Ne2, and Ne2+. Give the term symbol for the C2 molecule in its ground state, assuming its electronic configuration is…(2pπ)2; i.e., that there is an electron in each of the degenerate orbitals 2pπx and 2pπy. 9. Sketch the MO energy diagrams of CO, NO, and CN¯. Compare your results to ...
Hydrogen Bonding
... Compound – One of the two interacting atoms is much more electronegative than the other (one or more electrons in the less electronegative atom are transferred to the more electronegative atom) Two electrically charged particles are called ions. Cation – Ion with a positive charge (Ca2+ or H+) Ani ...
... Compound – One of the two interacting atoms is much more electronegative than the other (one or more electrons in the less electronegative atom are transferred to the more electronegative atom) Two electrically charged particles are called ions. Cation – Ion with a positive charge (Ca2+ or H+) Ani ...
Chemical reaction
... • Polar nature of water causes water molecules to be attracted to each other. • This attraction: hydrogen bond. ...
... • Polar nature of water causes water molecules to be attracted to each other. • This attraction: hydrogen bond. ...
hapter 2
... Rutherford’s gold foil experiment Atoms have a nucleus Atoms are made up mostly of space Protons exist in the nucleus with a + charge Electrons mass is 9.11 x 10-31 kg, the charge is Protons mass is 1.66 x 10-27 kg, the charge is + Neutrons mass is 1.67 x 10-27 kg, there is no charge AMU means ...
... Rutherford’s gold foil experiment Atoms have a nucleus Atoms are made up mostly of space Protons exist in the nucleus with a + charge Electrons mass is 9.11 x 10-31 kg, the charge is Protons mass is 1.66 x 10-27 kg, the charge is + Neutrons mass is 1.67 x 10-27 kg, there is no charge AMU means ...
Basic Chemistry
... Atoms that lose an electron become Positive Atoms that gain electrons become Negative ...
... Atoms that lose an electron become Positive Atoms that gain electrons become Negative ...
Chemistry I Midterm Exam
... In solving the Schrödinger equation for a particle constrained in a box of size L (x = 0 to L), the allowed wavefunctions have the form (x) = A sin kx + B cos kx. (a) What are the boundary conditions and normalization that can be used to find A, B, and k?? (b) Sketch the wavefunction for the 1st-ex ...
... In solving the Schrödinger equation for a particle constrained in a box of size L (x = 0 to L), the allowed wavefunctions have the form (x) = A sin kx + B cos kx. (a) What are the boundary conditions and normalization that can be used to find A, B, and k?? (b) Sketch the wavefunction for the 1st-ex ...
Chemistry of Life
... • To do work or cause change • ____________________________: Energy is not created or destroyed it only changes forms • _______________(exothermic)- releasing of energy • _______________(endothermic)-absorption of energy • Activation energy: Energy needed to start the reaction • ____________: someth ...
... • To do work or cause change • ____________________________: Energy is not created or destroyed it only changes forms • _______________(exothermic)- releasing of energy • _______________(endothermic)-absorption of energy • Activation energy: Energy needed to start the reaction • ____________: someth ...
Covalent Bonding
... Electronegativity is an atom’s affinity for electrons. Differences in electronegativity dictate how electrons are distributed in covalent bonds. - nonpolar covalent bonds = equal sharing of electrons - polar covalent bonds = unequal sharing of electrons ...
... Electronegativity is an atom’s affinity for electrons. Differences in electronegativity dictate how electrons are distributed in covalent bonds. - nonpolar covalent bonds = equal sharing of electrons - polar covalent bonds = unequal sharing of electrons ...
Chemical bond
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are ""strong bonds"" such as covalent or ionic bonds and ""weak bonds"" such as Dipole-dipole interaction, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other. An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them, and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position. This attraction constitutes the chemical bond. Due to the matter wave nature of electrons and their smaller mass, they must occupy a much larger amount of volume compared with the nuclei, and this volume occupied by the electrons keeps the atomic nuclei relatively far apart, as compared with the size of the nuclei themselves. This phenomenon limits the distance between nuclei and atoms in a bond.In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms. The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and diatomic gases—indeed most of the physical environment around us—are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter.All bonds can be explained by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds. The octet rule and VSEPR theory are two examples. More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method which includes ligand field theory. Electrostatics are used to describe bond polarities and the effects they have on chemical substances.