Chapter 3 → Bioenergetics Introduction Cell Structure
... The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action a) ...
... The Lock-and-Key Model of Enzyme Action a) ...
Organic Review Worksheet and Problem Set
... 2. Hydrogenation Adding hydrogen atoms to the compound. Plant oils have a lot of unsaturated fatty acids and they are liquid. To make solid shortening (solid Crisco), or solid margarine, hydrogen atoms are added across the unsaturated bonds of the plan oils. When this is done, some of the new fatty ...
... 2. Hydrogenation Adding hydrogen atoms to the compound. Plant oils have a lot of unsaturated fatty acids and they are liquid. To make solid shortening (solid Crisco), or solid margarine, hydrogen atoms are added across the unsaturated bonds of the plan oils. When this is done, some of the new fatty ...
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
... reactions that involve the reversible oxidation of the Fe ion bound to the heme. Some heme groups use a Cu ion instead of a Fe ion. 3) Chorophyll is a heme group, using a Mg ion instead of Fe or Cu, with a long fatty acid tail attached to make it soluble in the thylakoid membrane. The cytochrome P45 ...
... reactions that involve the reversible oxidation of the Fe ion bound to the heme. Some heme groups use a Cu ion instead of a Fe ion. 3) Chorophyll is a heme group, using a Mg ion instead of Fe or Cu, with a long fatty acid tail attached to make it soluble in the thylakoid membrane. The cytochrome P45 ...
Respiration - Biology Junction
... with hydrogen, especially in carbohydrates and fats. • However, these fuels do not spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation energy. • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation energy, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly. ...
... with hydrogen, especially in carbohydrates and fats. • However, these fuels do not spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation energy. • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation energy, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly. ...
GLYCOLYSIS
... whereas DHAP cannot • Don’t want to waste the DHAP (96%), so nature has provided an isomerization pathway to convert DHAP into GAP as shown below: ...
... whereas DHAP cannot • Don’t want to waste the DHAP (96%), so nature has provided an isomerization pathway to convert DHAP into GAP as shown below: ...
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism
... • A summary of the reactions of the ETC, cont.: – Four of the five remaining electron carriers are cytochromes (cyt), which are iron-containing enzymes. – In the final step, an oxygen atom accepts the elctrons and combines with two H+ ions to form water. ...
... • A summary of the reactions of the ETC, cont.: – Four of the five remaining electron carriers are cytochromes (cyt), which are iron-containing enzymes. – In the final step, an oxygen atom accepts the elctrons and combines with two H+ ions to form water. ...
Chapter 16
... 14. Succinate dehydrogenase is the only membrane-bound citric acid enzyme since the covalently bound FADH2 is only oxidized by the electron transport chain reaction. 15. Although the oxaloacetate formation form L-malate is relatively high endergonic reaction, this reaction occurs, because: 1. The [o ...
... 14. Succinate dehydrogenase is the only membrane-bound citric acid enzyme since the covalently bound FADH2 is only oxidized by the electron transport chain reaction. 15. Although the oxaloacetate formation form L-malate is relatively high endergonic reaction, this reaction occurs, because: 1. The [o ...
Chapter 9
... • The electron receptor is called the oxidizing agent • Some redox reactions do not transfer electrons but change the electron sharing in covalent bonds • An example is the reaction between methane and O2 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • The electron receptor is called the oxidizing agent • Some redox reactions do not transfer electrons but change the electron sharing in covalent bonds • An example is the reaction between methane and O2 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
1 Molecular Cell Biology
... ABC (ATP-binding cassette) 170 Kdalton P-glycoprotein that pumps hydrophobic drugs out of cells in a ATP-dependent fashion. Uses the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to export a large variety of drugs from the cytosol to the extracellular medium. It reduces the cytoplasmic concentration of drugs a ...
... ABC (ATP-binding cassette) 170 Kdalton P-glycoprotein that pumps hydrophobic drugs out of cells in a ATP-dependent fashion. Uses the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to export a large variety of drugs from the cytosol to the extracellular medium. It reduces the cytoplasmic concentration of drugs a ...
2 - ATP
... • Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle) 1. 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) ...
... • Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle) 1. 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) ...
Hardy-Weinberg Assignment
... through 8 oxidizing chemical reactions into different carbon-based molecules resulting in the transfer of hydrogen molecules to NAD+ and FAD NADH and FADH2 are oxidized and protons are pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane; these protons then flow through ATP synthase which converts ADP to ...
... through 8 oxidizing chemical reactions into different carbon-based molecules resulting in the transfer of hydrogen molecules to NAD+ and FAD NADH and FADH2 are oxidized and protons are pumped across the mitochondrial inner membrane; these protons then flow through ATP synthase which converts ADP to ...
+ 2
... Question: Is fermentation a catabolic process or is it an anabolic process? Fermentation may be considered as two metabolic pathways, glycolysis and the extending reactions. It may also be considered as a single metabolic pathway from glucose to the final fermentation products. ...
... Question: Is fermentation a catabolic process or is it an anabolic process? Fermentation may be considered as two metabolic pathways, glycolysis and the extending reactions. It may also be considered as a single metabolic pathway from glucose to the final fermentation products. ...
Chapter 26
... – protons released into matrix and electrons passed along the transport chain with energy being released in small amounts ...
... – protons released into matrix and electrons passed along the transport chain with energy being released in small amounts ...
Chapter 26
... – protons released into matrix and electrons passed along the transport chain with energy being released in small amounts ...
... – protons released into matrix and electrons passed along the transport chain with energy being released in small amounts ...
Document
... • accept electrons to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, and lose electrons to re-oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+. ...
... • accept electrons to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, and lose electrons to re-oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+. ...
Chapter 26
... – protons released into matrix and electrons passed along the transport chain with energy being released in small amounts ...
... – protons released into matrix and electrons passed along the transport chain with energy being released in small amounts ...
Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 12 Notes
... Cleavage of thiol energy bond and release of CoA is coupled to formation of GTP PO4 nucleophilic attack on succinyl CoA releasing CoA. His cleaves PO4 off of succinate. PO4 transfers from His(enzyme) to GDP forming GTP ...
... Cleavage of thiol energy bond and release of CoA is coupled to formation of GTP PO4 nucleophilic attack on succinyl CoA releasing CoA. His cleaves PO4 off of succinate. PO4 transfers from His(enzyme) to GDP forming GTP ...
EXAM 2 Lecture 15 1. What are cofactors? A: They are small organic
... A: Transport against the electrochemical gradient that requires energy input to overcome the positive ΔG° for the process. 28. How does the sodium pump function? A: It uses ATP energy to transport 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell, thus setting up an inward Na+ gradient and an o ...
... A: Transport against the electrochemical gradient that requires energy input to overcome the positive ΔG° for the process. 28. How does the sodium pump function? A: It uses ATP energy to transport 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell, thus setting up an inward Na+ gradient and an o ...
Chapter 6
... Very similar to aerobic respiration in eukaryotes Since prokaryotes have no mitochondria, it all occurs in the cytoplasm. Makes 2 more ATP because the NADH from glycolysis isn’t converted to FADH2 ...
... Very similar to aerobic respiration in eukaryotes Since prokaryotes have no mitochondria, it all occurs in the cytoplasm. Makes 2 more ATP because the NADH from glycolysis isn’t converted to FADH2 ...
9 How Cells Harvest Energy Concept Outline
... trons to work, often to produce ATP, the energy currency molecule. The negative sign indicates that the products of the cell. Afterward, the energy-depleted electron (associpossess less free energy than the reactants. The same ated with a proton as a hydrogen atom) is donated to some amount of energ ...
... trons to work, often to produce ATP, the energy currency molecule. The negative sign indicates that the products of the cell. Afterward, the energy-depleted electron (associpossess less free energy than the reactants. The same ated with a proton as a hydrogen atom) is donated to some amount of energ ...
Лекция 4. Обмен энергией
... regulating the concentration of its enzyme in the cell. The concentration of an enzyme at any given time is the result of a balance between its rate of synthesis and its rate of degradation, both of which are subject to regulation on a time scale of minutes to hours. The number of metabolic transfor ...
... regulating the concentration of its enzyme in the cell. The concentration of an enzyme at any given time is the result of a balance between its rate of synthesis and its rate of degradation, both of which are subject to regulation on a time scale of minutes to hours. The number of metabolic transfor ...
0-bacterial-physiology&growth
... 3- Oxidative phosphorylation (Electron transport chain) • It result in the formation of 34 ATP molecules. •The final electron acceptor is molecular O2 ...
... 3- Oxidative phosphorylation (Electron transport chain) • It result in the formation of 34 ATP molecules. •The final electron acceptor is molecular O2 ...
Chemical Energy and ATP
... Where is the energy of ATP stored? How is ADP and ATP different? What’s the purpose of digestion? Why are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP? How much ATP is created by a triglyceride? How much ATP is created by a molecule of glucose? How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? Differe ...
... Where is the energy of ATP stored? How is ADP and ATP different? What’s the purpose of digestion? Why are proteins less likely to be broken into ATP? How much ATP is created by a triglyceride? How much ATP is created by a molecule of glucose? How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? Differe ...