How Cells Obtain Energy from Food - Molecular Biology of the Cell
... including many anaerobic microorganisms (those that can live without utilizing molecular oxygen). Glycolysis probably evolved early in the history of life, before the activities of photosynthetic organisms introduced oxygen into the atmosphere. During glycolysis, a glucose molecule with six carbon a ...
... including many anaerobic microorganisms (those that can live without utilizing molecular oxygen). Glycolysis probably evolved early in the history of life, before the activities of photosynthetic organisms introduced oxygen into the atmosphere. During glycolysis, a glucose molecule with six carbon a ...
Second Half of Glycolysis
... their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport in which the transport takes place against ...
... their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and is therefore anaerobic. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport in which the transport takes place against ...
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation
... NADH (~ 3 ATP after ET) Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle Anaerobic: occurs in cytoplasm Pyruvate + NADH → Lactate + NAD+ no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
... NADH (~ 3 ATP after ET) Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle Anaerobic: occurs in cytoplasm Pyruvate + NADH → Lactate + NAD+ no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
Metabolic Pathways - University of California, Santa Barbara
... 3. An enzyme that catalyzes phosphorylation is called a _______________. Compare and contrast the 3 possible mechanisms for phosphorylation of a fatty acid in order to attach it to coenzyme A. ...
... 3. An enzyme that catalyzes phosphorylation is called a _______________. Compare and contrast the 3 possible mechanisms for phosphorylation of a fatty acid in order to attach it to coenzyme A. ...
Mitochondria - Physical Mathematics
... Stage 1: High-energy electrons (derived from the oxidation of food molecules, from pigments excited by sunlight, or from other sources described later) are transferred along a series of electron-transport protein complexes that form an electron-transport chain embedded in a membrane. Each electron t ...
... Stage 1: High-energy electrons (derived from the oxidation of food molecules, from pigments excited by sunlight, or from other sources described later) are transferred along a series of electron-transport protein complexes that form an electron-transport chain embedded in a membrane. Each electron t ...
Section 2-3 - Xavier High School
... The pH of the fluids within most cells in the human body must generally be kept between 6.5 and 7.5 Human blood has a pH of 7.4 If the pH is lower or higher, it affects the chemical reactions that take place in the cell Buffers help maintain homeostasis. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system is ...
... The pH of the fluids within most cells in the human body must generally be kept between 6.5 and 7.5 Human blood has a pH of 7.4 If the pH is lower or higher, it affects the chemical reactions that take place in the cell Buffers help maintain homeostasis. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system is ...
Chapter 7 How Cells Make ATP: Energy
... • Series of electron carriers • Each carrier exists in oxidized or reduced form • Electrons pass down the electron transport chain in series of redox reactions • Lose energy as pass along the chain • Released energy is used to pump protons across the inner membrane space (Hydrogen ions=protons) • Ox ...
... • Series of electron carriers • Each carrier exists in oxidized or reduced form • Electrons pass down the electron transport chain in series of redox reactions • Lose energy as pass along the chain • Released energy is used to pump protons across the inner membrane space (Hydrogen ions=protons) • Ox ...
Atoms and bonds in molecules and chemical explanations
... mechanics, which may be considered as a theoretical justification of the main chemical ideas.’’ Several interpretative methods have been developed in this spirit: the loge theory (Daudel 1953; Daudel et al. 1954, 1955; Aslangul et al. 1972, 1974), the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) (Ba ...
... mechanics, which may be considered as a theoretical justification of the main chemical ideas.’’ Several interpretative methods have been developed in this spirit: the loge theory (Daudel 1953; Daudel et al. 1954, 1955; Aslangul et al. 1972, 1974), the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) (Ba ...
electron transport chain
... that uses energy stored in the form of an H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work. • In the mitochondrion, chemiosmosis generates ATP. • Chemiosmosis in chloroplasts also generates ATP, but light drives the electron flow down an electron transport chain and H+ gradient formation. • Prok ...
... that uses energy stored in the form of an H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work. • In the mitochondrion, chemiosmosis generates ATP. • Chemiosmosis in chloroplasts also generates ATP, but light drives the electron flow down an electron transport chain and H+ gradient formation. • Prok ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... converted from one form to another. Today, bioenergetic conversion constitutes an important chapter in Biochemistry. Energy can be transformed into chemical, mechanical or electrical work, or indeed radiated as heat. These bioenergetic conversions are accompanied by a loss of energy, which must be c ...
... converted from one form to another. Today, bioenergetic conversion constitutes an important chapter in Biochemistry. Energy can be transformed into chemical, mechanical or electrical work, or indeed radiated as heat. These bioenergetic conversions are accompanied by a loss of energy, which must be c ...
Enzymes Recap
... Why is ATP The Cellular Energy Source? • Many cell processes are not energe=cally favourable and are thus require energy input to drive endergonic reac=on The heat energy (free enthalpy) released from ATP can be har ...
... Why is ATP The Cellular Energy Source? • Many cell processes are not energe=cally favourable and are thus require energy input to drive endergonic reac=on The heat energy (free enthalpy) released from ATP can be har ...
Chapter 11c
... Neisseria. These non-motile diplococci are part of the normal flora of the mouth. The reason this organism is important is not due to its pathogenicity. Instead, we include Veillonella because it can be and is often mistaken for the more serious gonococcal infection. The most common species isolated ...
... Neisseria. These non-motile diplococci are part of the normal flora of the mouth. The reason this organism is important is not due to its pathogenicity. Instead, we include Veillonella because it can be and is often mistaken for the more serious gonococcal infection. The most common species isolated ...
Slide 1
... used for this process to take place. • Catabolism: The breakdown of molecules into smaller units. Energy is released in this process. – Ex: Glucose catabolism results in the release of CO2 and H2O ...
... used for this process to take place. • Catabolism: The breakdown of molecules into smaller units. Energy is released in this process. – Ex: Glucose catabolism results in the release of CO2 and H2O ...
12_Lecture
... 12.6 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation • Oxidative phosphorylation: The chemiosmotic model links electron transport to the generation of a proton (H+) gradient across the inner membrane. • In this model, three of the complexes (I, III, and IV) span the inner membrane and pump (reloca ...
... 12.6 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation • Oxidative phosphorylation: The chemiosmotic model links electron transport to the generation of a proton (H+) gradient across the inner membrane. • In this model, three of the complexes (I, III, and IV) span the inner membrane and pump (reloca ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... much lower yield of ATP than aerobic respiration; • compare and contrast anaerobic respiration in mammals and in yeast; Q. What is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation? A. Oxygen ...
... much lower yield of ATP than aerobic respiration; • compare and contrast anaerobic respiration in mammals and in yeast; Q. What is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation? A. Oxygen ...
cellular respiration
... Put the following steps in the correct order. (Use Figure 9-13 p. 158 for help.) ______ Water forms ______ NADH oxidized ______ Flavoprotein oxidized ______ Fe-S protein oxidized ______ Flavoprotein reduced ______ Fe-S protein reduced ______ Ubiquinone reduced ______ Oxygen reduced ______ cyt a3 pas ...
... Put the following steps in the correct order. (Use Figure 9-13 p. 158 for help.) ______ Water forms ______ NADH oxidized ______ Flavoprotein oxidized ______ Fe-S protein oxidized ______ Flavoprotein reduced ______ Fe-S protein reduced ______ Ubiquinone reduced ______ Oxygen reduced ______ cyt a3 pas ...
03-232 Biochemistry
... Fo which forms a transmembrane channel that allows the flow of protons (1pt) and F1, which has a γ subunit, 3 α subunits and 3 β subunits. (1 pt) The follow of protons through Fo causes the channel to rotate, which results in the rotation of the γ-subunit (2pt) of the F1 complex by 120° for every 3 ...
... Fo which forms a transmembrane channel that allows the flow of protons (1pt) and F1, which has a γ subunit, 3 α subunits and 3 β subunits. (1 pt) The follow of protons through Fo causes the channel to rotate, which results in the rotation of the γ-subunit (2pt) of the F1 complex by 120° for every 3 ...
video slide - Ionia Public Schools
... by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate • The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the process a ...
... by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate • The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate, making the process a ...
Microbial Metabolism
... the higher the particles’ velocities, the more probable that their collision will cause a reaction. Also, each chemical reaction requires a specific level of energy. But even if colliding particles possess the minimum energy needed for reaction, no reaction will take place unless the particles are p ...
... the higher the particles’ velocities, the more probable that their collision will cause a reaction. Also, each chemical reaction requires a specific level of energy. But even if colliding particles possess the minimum energy needed for reaction, no reaction will take place unless the particles are p ...
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
... • Pyruvic acid then gets converted into – Lactic acid in animals – Carbon dioxide and ethanol in plants and yeast (this is irreversible) ...
... • Pyruvic acid then gets converted into – Lactic acid in animals – Carbon dioxide and ethanol in plants and yeast (this is irreversible) ...
Energy Cycle in Vertebrates - Jean
... because it must be reduced to NADH in the process of ATP synthesis. To avoid running out of NAD 1 , cells regenerate it by oxidizing NADH back to NAD 1 in the last reaction of the pathway that converts pyruvate to lactate. The complete pathway of anaerobic glycolysis has two major advantages: (1) it ...
... because it must be reduced to NADH in the process of ATP synthesis. To avoid running out of NAD 1 , cells regenerate it by oxidizing NADH back to NAD 1 in the last reaction of the pathway that converts pyruvate to lactate. The complete pathway of anaerobic glycolysis has two major advantages: (1) it ...
Chapter 9
... • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming water ...
... • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming water ...
video slide - Somers Public Schools
... • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming water ...
... • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming water ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration In a facultative ana ...
... Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration In a facultative ana ...