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A1990DM11000002
A1990DM11000002

... ples that was emerging in integrative neurobiology The criteria we proposed (necessity and suffiwas that complex information may be encoded at ciency) had been long used in other contexts, but the level of individual neurons. On the sensory side, they provided a relatively clear methodology for rene ...
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Brain Bark

... The half of the brain that functions to think about abstract information like music, colors or shapes and to synthesize experiences by giving a quick, general sense of what is happening ...
The Neuron
The Neuron

... *Semi-liquid solutions both inside/outside of neuron - Outside neuron = mostly positive charge - Inside neuron = mostly negative charge  This is how it stays when at resting state  When stimulated by incoming message - Cell membrane open and the positive ions rush in when enough has entered to mak ...
When neurons form memories
When neurons form memories

... This finding is particularly interesting in the light of theoretical work demonstrating that sequence information can be synaptically encoded and recalled by physiologically realistic learning rules [13]. Thus, the sequential reactivation during the rest period suggests that not only a given event, ...
The Body and the Brain neurons first
The Body and the Brain neurons first

... legs, can be several feet long. Myelin is a white fatty substance that insulates and protects the axon. The myelin casing also helps to speed up the transmission of the message. The fibers at the end of the axon are called axon terminals. Messages are sent from the axon terminals of one neuron to th ...
The Body and the Brain neurons first
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... legs, can be several feet long. Myelin is a white fatty substance that insulates and protects the axon. The myelin casing also helps to speed up the transmission of the message. The fibers at the end of the axon are called axon terminals. Messages are sent from the axon terminals of one neuron to th ...
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3-8_NeuronDiversity_SalmaA

... Glutamatergic neurons: Glutamate is one of two primary excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter, the other being Aspartate. Glutamate receptors are one of four categories, three of which are ligand-gated ion channels and one of which is a G-protein coupled receptor (often referred to as GPCR).Glutamat ...
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0.-Nat-5-REVISION-nervous

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... White matter - Composed of myelin which coats the axons – this area of the brain is high in axons Gray matter – areas not covered by myelin – the cell bodies themselves Synapse – junction between neurons. Impulses must above across this space Neurotransmitters – chemicals like Ca that cross the barr ...
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The Nervous System

... – Excitatory postsynaptic potential • Na+ gates open; membrane becomes depolarized; action potential is generated. – Inhibitory postsynaptic potential • K+ gates open; membrane becomes more polarized (hyperpolarized); inhibits action potential ...
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Slide ()

... Afferent pathways from the two eyes project to discrete columns of neurons in the visual cortex. Retinal ganglion neurons from each eye send axons to separate layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The axons of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus project to neurons in layer IVC of the prima ...
Chapter 2 - Biological Basis of Behavior
Chapter 2 - Biological Basis of Behavior

... Motor Neuron: carry messages from the CNS to muscles and glands Interneuron: part of the intermediate network between sensory, motor, and other interneurons. Mirror Neurons*: a neuron that responds when an individual observes another performing a motor action or experiencing a sensation, has implica ...
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Nervous System - Effingham County Schools
Nervous System - Effingham County Schools

... Nervous System Disorders Multiple Sclerosis- Disorder in which the myelin surrounding neurons deteriorate making it hard for signals to travel from one neuron to the next. Symptoms include: loss of motor skills, blindness, numbness, and loss of balance. Caused by white blood cells attacking the ne ...
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E4 Neurotransmitters and Synapses (and drugs!)

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... Neurotransmitters are molecules with very specific functions. By interacting with receptors on various postsynaptic membranes, certain actions are stimulated. There are quite a variety of other molecules that are structurally similar to various neurotransmitters. As you can imagine, if these molecul ...
Autism and Computational Simulations
Autism and Computational Simulations

... hippocampus elucidated synchronization processes and showed the influence of various chemicals. Very high 200-600 Hz (phi) frequencies observed in some form of epilepsy cannot be generated by “normal” chemical synapses. Fast electrical nonsynaptic communication is possible through gap junctions fill ...
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... 4. Fragile X Syndrome- cause by a defect in the X chromosome. This defect can result in physical changes, such as a relatively large head with protruding ears, as well as mild to profound levels of mental retardation. 5. Theory of Evolution- says that different species arose from common ancestor and ...
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Activity-dependent plasticity

A defining feature of the brain is its capacity to undergo changes based on activity-dependent functions, also called activity-dependent plasticity. Its ability to remodel itself forms the basis of the brain’s capacity to retain memories, improve motor function, and enhance comprehension and speech amongst other things. It is this trait to retain and form memories that is functionally linked to plasticity and therefore many of the functions individuals perform on a daily basis. This plasticity is the result of changed gene expression that occurs because of organized cellular mechanisms.The brain’s ability to adapt toward active functions has allowed humans to specialize in specific processes based on relative use and activity. For example, a right-handed person may perform any movement poorly with his/her left hand but continuous practice with the less dominant hand can make both hands just as able. Another example is if someone was born with a neurological disorder such as autism or had a stroke that resulted in a disorder, then they are capable of retrieving much of their lost function by practicing and “rewiring” the brain in order to incorporate these lost manners. Thanks to the pioneers within this field, many of these advances have become available to most people and many more will continue to arrive as new features of plasticity are discovered.
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