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Brain Basics
Brain Basics

... fMRI was used to generate the ‘typical subject’s’ parcellation from a highly detailed 210-subject group average data set. New “language area,” are 55b, more activated for story vs. ...
Key Stage 4 – Nervous models Pupil worksheet
Key Stage 4 – Nervous models Pupil worksheet

... complex network of neurons. In order for impulses to get from one place to another they have to be able to pass from neuron to neuron. The gaps between neurons are called synapses ...
Chapter 2 Review Notes
Chapter 2 Review Notes

... threshold. The neuron’s reaction is an all-or-none response. The impulse, called the action potential, is a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon rather like manhole covers flipping open. During the resting potential, the fluid interior of the axon carries mostly negatively charged atom ...
Synapse Elimination and Remodeling
Synapse Elimination and Remodeling

... starts after birth and continues throughout life. • Synapse elimination is an important component of development, as many more synapses are formed than would be present in the adult animal. • Most often, these changes are related to adjustments in the number and strength of synaptic connections (“fi ...
Introduction to the Brain
Introduction to the Brain

... – The brain’s capacity to modify and reorganize itself following damage • Collateral sprouting ...
Left hand side, right hand side
Left hand side, right hand side

... Stuart is a doctor studying the Cerebral Cortex of the brain. One of Stuart’s patients has damage to her cerebral cortex. Suggest two processes that are most damaged by this. [2 marks] Suggest how Stuart could find out exactly which parts of the brain are damaged [2 marks] ...
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... 4) Connects neurons and blood vessels together. b. Oligodendrocytes-produce myelin sheaths in the CNS. c. Microglia-phagocytic cells derived from monocytes (specialized leukocytes). 1) These protect the CNS by engulfing microbes and foreign debris. d. Ependymal Cells-are epithelial cells. 1) Many of ...
Lesson1 Powerpoint
Lesson1 Powerpoint

... forces/energy into electrical impulses that are mediated by neural spikes. Neural “encoding” ...
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... forces/energy into electrical impulses that are mediated by neural spikes. Neural “encoding” ...
Chapter 34
Chapter 34

... Sensory Neuron: detects a stimulus at one or more receptor endings and relays information about it to other neurons Motor Neuron: delivers excitatory or inhibitory commands from other neurons to muscles or glands Interneurons: information from most sensory neurons flows through these before it gets ...
What is Your Reaction Time?
What is Your Reaction Time?

... Neuron: Nerve cell. The basic units of the central nervous system, neurons are responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses. Unlike any other cell in the body, neurons consist of a central cell body as well as several threadlike "arms" called axons and dendrites, which transmit nerve impulses. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... smaller, or weaker, stimuli do not provoke a response the stimulus causes channels to open and there must be enough of them opened to depolarize the membrane increasing a stimulus above threshold does not result in a larger response - this is all-or-nothing. If all stimuli above threshold cause a ne ...
Nervous System Notes
Nervous System Notes

... smaller, or weaker, stimuli do not provoke a response the stimulus causes channels to open and there must be enough of them opened to depolarize the membrane increasing a stimulus above threshold does not result in a larger response - this is all-or-nothing. If all stimuli above threshold cause a ne ...
Answers - Mosaiced.org
Answers - Mosaiced.org

... 13. innervates skin and musculoskeletal system (c.f. ANS = visceral) 14. One 15. of the internal organs 16. functional unit of the nervous system 17. diabetic neuropathy, Bell’s Palsy 18. altered behaviour/mood, often no pathology, may overlap with neurological problems 19. bundle of axons within CN ...
The Brain
The Brain

... involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. ...
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Neurons and Glia Three basic neurons: ∼ Multipolar: Neurons by

... ∼ Other: messengers,  that  then  go  on  to  alter   gene  expression   ◊ Acetylcholine – Important role in ANS ...
Brain Neurotransmitters
Brain Neurotransmitters

... • The MS symptoms that usually grab the spotlight are the physical ones—balance, gait, muscle control, bladder control, vision, numbness. • In the last decade, evidence on how MS may affect cognition • 40% to 60% of people with MS develop some degree of “cognitive dysfunction”. Most people who are a ...
The nervous system
The nervous system

... 1. Describe the structure of the neuron/ how neuron communicates Neurotransmitter- is a chemical that passes the information from one to another. It release in a soma and travels down the axon. 2. The regions of the brain and what they control. 3. Cerebellum, cortex responsible for conscious thought ...
Biology 30 NERVOUS SYSTEM
Biology 30 NERVOUS SYSTEM

... flight response dilation of the pupils, increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, slowed digestion, enhanced performance, increase in blood sugar – B. Parasympathetic nervous system – responsible for the relaxation response (after fight or flight) ...
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... Unit #3: The Biology of Psychology An effective introduction to the relationship between physiological processes and behavior—including the influence of neural function, the nervous system and the brain, and genetic contributions to behavior—is an important element in the AP course.  Identify basic ...
Neuron Function notes
Neuron Function notes

... membrane channels in synaptic vesicles – release Ach 3. Ach diffuses across synaptic cleft – bind to postsynaptic membrane(muscle sarcolemma) – Na+ channels activated – depolarized – ADRENERGIC SYNAPSES Same process as cholinergic Release norepinephrine(NE) – in brain and in autonomic nervous system ...
Biopsychology revision 2
Biopsychology revision 2

... – Sensory neurons (carry messages from sense receptors towards the CNS) – Motor neurons (carry messages from CNS toward muscles and glands) – Interneurons (carry messages between nerve cells) ...
The Brain [Fig 7.2 p. 98] • largest, most important part of the nervous
The Brain [Fig 7.2 p. 98] • largest, most important part of the nervous

... damage causes coma Limbic system • brain structures clustered around brain stem at core of the brain, surrounded by cerebrum; involved in coordinating different brain activities • thalamus: routs activation from reticular formation/sensory impulses to cerebral cortex • hypothalamus: control unit for ...
MARIJUANA - ctclearinghouse.org
MARIJUANA - ctclearinghouse.org

... the intended movement and then signals the motor cortex to make any necessary corrections. In this way, the cerebellum ensures that the body moves smoothly and efficiently. The hippocampus, which is involved with memory formation, also contains many cannabinoid receptors. Studies have suggested that ...
23Neurotransmitter22012-09
23Neurotransmitter22012-09

... Dopamine is transmitted via three major pathways: 1- The first extends from the substantia nigra to the caudate nucleus-putamen (neostriatum) and is concerned with sensory stimuli and movement. 2- The second pathway projects from the ventral tegmentum to the mesolimbic forebrain and is thought to be ...
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Activity-dependent plasticity

A defining feature of the brain is its capacity to undergo changes based on activity-dependent functions, also called activity-dependent plasticity. Its ability to remodel itself forms the basis of the brain’s capacity to retain memories, improve motor function, and enhance comprehension and speech amongst other things. It is this trait to retain and form memories that is functionally linked to plasticity and therefore many of the functions individuals perform on a daily basis. This plasticity is the result of changed gene expression that occurs because of organized cellular mechanisms.The brain’s ability to adapt toward active functions has allowed humans to specialize in specific processes based on relative use and activity. For example, a right-handed person may perform any movement poorly with his/her left hand but continuous practice with the less dominant hand can make both hands just as able. Another example is if someone was born with a neurological disorder such as autism or had a stroke that resulted in a disorder, then they are capable of retrieving much of their lost function by practicing and “rewiring” the brain in order to incorporate these lost manners. Thanks to the pioneers within this field, many of these advances have become available to most people and many more will continue to arrive as new features of plasticity are discovered.
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