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Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters

... • Glutamine released by astrocytes into extracellular space • Taken up by neurons and glutaminase in mitochondria convert it to glutamate • Glucose can also be precursor ...
Basic Brain Facts - The Practice of Parenting
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... synapse, the activated receptor binds G proteins on the inside of the membrane. The activated G protein causes an enzyme to convert ATP to cAMP. The second messenger cAMP exerts a variety of influences on the cell, ranging from changes in the function of ion channels in the membrane to changes in th ...
Mod 07-Lecture - Phoenix Military Academy
Mod 07-Lecture - Phoenix Military Academy

... Synapse = minute fluid-filled gap between dendrites and axons (less than a millionth of an inch wide) called the “synaptic gap or cleft”; axons & dendrites don’t actually touch each other. (Synaptic) vesicles = house specific neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters = chemical messengers sent from the ve ...
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... 1. Neurons are surrounded by a membrane. 2. Neurons have a nucleus that contains genes. 3. Neurons contain cytoplasm, mitochondria and other "organelles". However, neurons differ from other cells in the body in some ways such as: 1. Neurons have specialized projections called dendrites and axons. De ...
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... demonstrating that it is possible, at least in theory, to create a machine that has all the capabilities of a human being.  A long term project to create machines exhibiting behavior comparable to those of animals with complex central nervous system such as mammals and most particularly humans. The ...
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... Olfactory receptors influence the targeting of sensory axons to discrete glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. (Adapted, with permission, from Sanes and Yamagata 2009.) A. Each olfactory receptor neuron expresses one of approximately 1,000 possible odorant receptors. Neurons expressing the same receptor ...
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... Olfactory receptors influence the targeting of sensory axons to discrete glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. (Adapted, with permission, from Sanes and Yamagata 2009.) A. Each olfactory receptor neuron expresses one of approximately 1,000 possible odorant receptors. Neurons expressing the same receptor ...
Brain Notes Most complex organ in the body It allows us to think
Brain Notes Most complex organ in the body It allows us to think

... b. wrinkles are called cortex i. where the majority of brain cells (neurons) are c. Job: i. speech ii. senses iii. emotional response iv. memory d. divided into several sections called lobes i. Frontal Lobe(white house): reasoning, problem solving, judgement, impulse control 1. last thing to develop ...
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Activity-dependent plasticity

A defining feature of the brain is its capacity to undergo changes based on activity-dependent functions, also called activity-dependent plasticity. Its ability to remodel itself forms the basis of the brain’s capacity to retain memories, improve motor function, and enhance comprehension and speech amongst other things. It is this trait to retain and form memories that is functionally linked to plasticity and therefore many of the functions individuals perform on a daily basis. This plasticity is the result of changed gene expression that occurs because of organized cellular mechanisms.The brain’s ability to adapt toward active functions has allowed humans to specialize in specific processes based on relative use and activity. For example, a right-handed person may perform any movement poorly with his/her left hand but continuous practice with the less dominant hand can make both hands just as able. Another example is if someone was born with a neurological disorder such as autism or had a stroke that resulted in a disorder, then they are capable of retrieving much of their lost function by practicing and “rewiring” the brain in order to incorporate these lost manners. Thanks to the pioneers within this field, many of these advances have become available to most people and many more will continue to arrive as new features of plasticity are discovered.
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