6.5 Nerves, Hormones and Homeostasis part 1
... Once depolarization occurs the sodium gates are closed and the potassium channels open. Potassium diffuses out of the neuron in the direction of the concentration gradient. The loss of the positive potassium ions causes the internal environment of the neuron to become negative once again and the pot ...
... Once depolarization occurs the sodium gates are closed and the potassium channels open. Potassium diffuses out of the neuron in the direction of the concentration gradient. The loss of the positive potassium ions causes the internal environment of the neuron to become negative once again and the pot ...
Nervous System II – Neurons
... Nervous System II – Neurons Neurons Information is transmitted through ...
... Nervous System II – Neurons Neurons Information is transmitted through ...
Overview of Synaptic Transmission
... response to lowered cytoplasmic pH or elevated cytoplasmic CaH. These two properties serve to decouple damaged cells from other cells, since damaged cells contain elevated ea2+ and proton concentrations. At some specialized gap junctions the channels have voltagedependent gatesthat permit them to co ...
... response to lowered cytoplasmic pH or elevated cytoplasmic CaH. These two properties serve to decouple damaged cells from other cells, since damaged cells contain elevated ea2+ and proton concentrations. At some specialized gap junctions the channels have voltagedependent gatesthat permit them to co ...
Lectures 26-27 Study Guide
... b. Chemical: a chemical neurotransmitter (NT) carries information across the gap junction. Majority of synapses are chemical synapses. i. An action potential at the synaptic terminal depolarizes the membrane, opening voltagegated channels that allow Ca2+ to diffuse into the terminal. This triggers v ...
... b. Chemical: a chemical neurotransmitter (NT) carries information across the gap junction. Majority of synapses are chemical synapses. i. An action potential at the synaptic terminal depolarizes the membrane, opening voltagegated channels that allow Ca2+ to diffuse into the terminal. This triggers v ...
MCB 32 Introductory Human Physiology
... Viewed from the lateral or side view, the cerebral cortex is divided into four separate areas, or lobes; the occipital lobe, the parietal lobe, the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe. The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the pariental lobe and the lateral sulcus separates the temporal ...
... Viewed from the lateral or side view, the cerebral cortex is divided into four separate areas, or lobes; the occipital lobe, the parietal lobe, the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe. The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the pariental lobe and the lateral sulcus separates the temporal ...
9.01 Exam #1 September 27, 2004 30 multiple
... d) the inactivation of voltage gated sodium channels e) C and D ARE TRUE 22) Some have compared the "all or none" action potential to flushing a toilet. The relative refractory period (when the water level in the tank is below what it is at rest) is set by: a) the opening of voltage insensitive pota ...
... d) the inactivation of voltage gated sodium channels e) C and D ARE TRUE 22) Some have compared the "all or none" action potential to flushing a toilet. The relative refractory period (when the water level in the tank is below what it is at rest) is set by: a) the opening of voltage insensitive pota ...
Practice Exam 1
... 10) True or False? In figure 1, if the permeability of Na+ is changed, its equilibrium potential will also change. A) True. B) False. 11) The cerebellum… A) acts as a relay station, filtering all sensory information before it reaches higher brain areas. B) is mainly responsible for processing smell ...
... 10) True or False? In figure 1, if the permeability of Na+ is changed, its equilibrium potential will also change. A) True. B) False. 11) The cerebellum… A) acts as a relay station, filtering all sensory information before it reaches higher brain areas. B) is mainly responsible for processing smell ...
collinsnervoussystem (1)
... released that cross the synapse to the next cell • B. a chemical change occurs within the cell, the change causes an electric charge to be produced and the charge jumps the gap between the nerve cells. • C. the electric charge produced chemically inside a group of neurons causes chemical changes in ...
... released that cross the synapse to the next cell • B. a chemical change occurs within the cell, the change causes an electric charge to be produced and the charge jumps the gap between the nerve cells. • C. the electric charge produced chemically inside a group of neurons causes chemical changes in ...
lecture - McLoon Lab - University of Minnesota
... substance in their somas and larger dendrites. ...
... substance in their somas and larger dendrites. ...
Muscle fibers & tissue - Novell Open Enterprise Server 11 SP2
... Actin & myosin are not organized Can have 2X as much actin as myosin Ca acts on a different molecule that results in contraction Not as much ATP is required to, contraction is slower, but does not fatigue. Can maintain contraction for long period of time. ...
... Actin & myosin are not organized Can have 2X as much actin as myosin Ca acts on a different molecule that results in contraction Not as much ATP is required to, contraction is slower, but does not fatigue. Can maintain contraction for long period of time. ...
The Nervous System PowerPoint
... ANATOMY OF A SYNAPSE Presynaptic neuron Postsynaptic neuron Synaptic knob Neurotransmitter Synaptic cleft Receptors ...
... ANATOMY OF A SYNAPSE Presynaptic neuron Postsynaptic neuron Synaptic knob Neurotransmitter Synaptic cleft Receptors ...
Slide ()
... Different neural mechanisms underlie long-term potentiation at each of the three synapses in the trisynaptic pathway in the hippocampus. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is present at synapses throughout the hippocampus but depends to differing degrees on activation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors. A. ...
... Different neural mechanisms underlie long-term potentiation at each of the three synapses in the trisynaptic pathway in the hippocampus. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is present at synapses throughout the hippocampus but depends to differing degrees on activation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors. A. ...
The Nervous System
... Synapse—the site of contact between an axon and a target cell Neurotransmitter—chemical messengers that relay messages across the synapse ...
... Synapse—the site of contact between an axon and a target cell Neurotransmitter—chemical messengers that relay messages across the synapse ...
The Nervous System
... • 2. Integrative Function - information is "brought together," interpreted, to create sensations, create thoughts, add to memory, make decisions, etc. Association neuron or ...
... • 2. Integrative Function - information is "brought together," interpreted, to create sensations, create thoughts, add to memory, make decisions, etc. Association neuron or ...
Chapter 13 and 16
... A. Astrocyte- function in creating bloodbrain barrier, provide structure B. Oligodendocyte- produce myelin sheath C. Microglia- immune cells of CNS, similar to macrophages D. Ependymal- found in ventricles of brain, produce cerebrospinal fluid ...
... A. Astrocyte- function in creating bloodbrain barrier, provide structure B. Oligodendocyte- produce myelin sheath C. Microglia- immune cells of CNS, similar to macrophages D. Ependymal- found in ventricles of brain, produce cerebrospinal fluid ...
Nervous System notes
... - warm faster – ice slows pain - large fibers - faster - myelinated faster ...
... - warm faster – ice slows pain - large fibers - faster - myelinated faster ...
Nonneurolnal cells engineered to express neuroligins
... One salient fature of synaptic function is the regulated exocytosis of vesicles in response to depolarization of the presynaptic membrane, followed by a reinternalization of synaptic vesicle membrane. Co-cultures of transfected HEK293 cells and pontine explants were briefly (5min) incubated in depol ...
... One salient fature of synaptic function is the regulated exocytosis of vesicles in response to depolarization of the presynaptic membrane, followed by a reinternalization of synaptic vesicle membrane. Co-cultures of transfected HEK293 cells and pontine explants were briefly (5min) incubated in depol ...
CHAPTER 5 SIGNALLING IN NEURONS
... There are many different molecules that can act as neurotransmitters. When small amounts of neurotransmitter are released, the resulting effect on the postsynaptic cell's membrane potential varies in proportion to the amount of neurotransmitter released, that is, the effect is graded. EPSPs. Some ne ...
... There are many different molecules that can act as neurotransmitters. When small amounts of neurotransmitter are released, the resulting effect on the postsynaptic cell's membrane potential varies in proportion to the amount of neurotransmitter released, that is, the effect is graded. EPSPs. Some ne ...
Summary Sodium pump.
... synaptic cleft. Released neurotransmitters diffuse across the cleft, and bind to receptors on the other cell's membrane, causing ion channels on that cell to open. Some neurotransmitters cause an action potential, others are inhibitory. ...
... synaptic cleft. Released neurotransmitters diffuse across the cleft, and bind to receptors on the other cell's membrane, causing ion channels on that cell to open. Some neurotransmitters cause an action potential, others are inhibitory. ...
Neurophysiology Complete
... Repolarization: within a millisecond Na and K return to their original state and the resting membrane potentil is restored Absolute refractory period: when the Na gates are open and the neuron is totally insensitive to additional stimuli Relative refractory period: if a very strong stimuli is able t ...
... Repolarization: within a millisecond Na and K return to their original state and the resting membrane potentil is restored Absolute refractory period: when the Na gates are open and the neuron is totally insensitive to additional stimuli Relative refractory period: if a very strong stimuli is able t ...
Biology 12 Nervous System Major Divisions of Nervous System 1
... • In the centre of the neuron are large negatively charged units which are responsible for the net negative potential in the resting state. These units do not move even when an impulse is traveling. ...
... • In the centre of the neuron are large negatively charged units which are responsible for the net negative potential in the resting state. These units do not move even when an impulse is traveling. ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.