Eukaryotic origins of DNA replication: could you please be more
... The role of ATP binding and hydrolysis in ORC function has been characterized to different degrees in different organisms. In budding yeast, ATP binding by the ScOrc1 subunit is essential for viability in vivo and DNA binding in vitro [13]. Recently, ATP hydrolysis by ScOrc1 has also been shown to b ...
... The role of ATP binding and hydrolysis in ORC function has been characterized to different degrees in different organisms. In budding yeast, ATP binding by the ScOrc1 subunit is essential for viability in vivo and DNA binding in vitro [13]. Recently, ATP hydrolysis by ScOrc1 has also been shown to b ...
An attempt to unify the structure of polymerases
... may share a common tertiary fold, or at least contain similar local tertiary architecture required for similar functions. These motifs Introduction are likely to represent modules required for the polymerase structure and activity. The number of available protein sequences is growing rapidly due to ...
... may share a common tertiary fold, or at least contain similar local tertiary architecture required for similar functions. These motifs Introduction are likely to represent modules required for the polymerase structure and activity. The number of available protein sequences is growing rapidly due to ...
unit-2 genetics of prokaryotes and eukaryotic
... enzymes needed for synthesis of new viral DNA molecules are produced. At 8 minutes, some 40 different structural proteins for the viral head and tail are synthesized. At 13 minutes, assembly of new viral particles begins. At 25 minutes, the viral lysozyme destroys the bacterial cell wall and the vir ...
... enzymes needed for synthesis of new viral DNA molecules are produced. At 8 minutes, some 40 different structural proteins for the viral head and tail are synthesized. At 13 minutes, assembly of new viral particles begins. At 25 minutes, the viral lysozyme destroys the bacterial cell wall and the vir ...
DNA ligase IV dependent NHEJ of deprotected human telomeres in
... mechanism by which they occur have not been elucidated. Results: We document that telomere fusions resulting from inhibition of the telomere-protective factor TRF2 are generated by DNA ligase IV-dependent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). NHEJ gives rise to covalent ligation of the C strand of one t ...
... mechanism by which they occur have not been elucidated. Results: We document that telomere fusions resulting from inhibition of the telomere-protective factor TRF2 are generated by DNA ligase IV-dependent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). NHEJ gives rise to covalent ligation of the C strand of one t ...
Replication of Nuclear DNA
... regulation of cell division within the body and the life of the organism. In this chapter, DNA replication at the molecular level has been focussed on, using wherever possible plants as the example, but sometimes needing to refer to other eukaryotic organisms. As with many other areas of molecular a ...
... regulation of cell division within the body and the life of the organism. In this chapter, DNA replication at the molecular level has been focussed on, using wherever possible plants as the example, but sometimes needing to refer to other eukaryotic organisms. As with many other areas of molecular a ...
DAPI: a DMA-Specific Fluorescent Probe
... Biotech Histochem Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie - KIT on 10/02/12 For personal use only. ...
... Biotech Histochem Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie - KIT on 10/02/12 For personal use only. ...
Recombinant DNA Technology
... occurring restriction enzymes or restriction endonucleases are the key to making DNA fragments. These bacterial enzymes bind to specific recognition sites on DNA and cut the backbone of both strands. They evolved to protect bacteria from foreign DNA, such as from viral invaders. The enzymes do not c ...
... occurring restriction enzymes or restriction endonucleases are the key to making DNA fragments. These bacterial enzymes bind to specific recognition sites on DNA and cut the backbone of both strands. They evolved to protect bacteria from foreign DNA, such as from viral invaders. The enzymes do not c ...
Adherin - Semantic Scholar
... removal of adherin to and from chromosomes are coordinated with replication origin licensing and mitotic entry, which ensures that cohesion and loss of cohesion are properly synchronized with DNA replication and chromosome segregation. This also means, however, that cohesin is bound to chromosomes t ...
... removal of adherin to and from chromosomes are coordinated with replication origin licensing and mitotic entry, which ensures that cohesion and loss of cohesion are properly synchronized with DNA replication and chromosome segregation. This also means, however, that cohesin is bound to chromosomes t ...
Clamp loader structure predicts the architecture of DNA polymerase
... even though it is free to slide around the DNA circle. Spontaneous dissociation occurs with a half-life of over one hour at 37°C, showing that the interfaces remain tightly associated [10,11]. The clamp loader complex is required to rapidly open and close the β ring. The E. coli γ complex clamp load ...
... even though it is free to slide around the DNA circle. Spontaneous dissociation occurs with a half-life of over one hour at 37°C, showing that the interfaces remain tightly associated [10,11]. The clamp loader complex is required to rapidly open and close the β ring. The E. coli γ complex clamp load ...
The DpnI/DpnII pneumococcal system, defense against foreign
... Figure 2. Differential impact of DpnI and DpnII R–M systems on transformation. (A) DpnI does not interfere with transformation of a pathogenicity island on me+ (closed blue circles) DNA. Transforming me+ ssDNA (red line) pairing with homologous DNA on host chromosome (black line) displaces the comp ...
... Figure 2. Differential impact of DpnI and DpnII R–M systems on transformation. (A) DpnI does not interfere with transformation of a pathogenicity island on me+ (closed blue circles) DNA. Transforming me+ ssDNA (red line) pairing with homologous DNA on host chromosome (black line) displaces the comp ...
Epigenetics and the environment: emerging
... passage through the germ line. This epigenetic reprogramming prepares the germ cells for development in the next generation. Besides the developmental ontogeny of epigenetic modifications, there is also considerable stochastic variation, often without apparent biological purpose7–10. It is thought t ...
... passage through the germ line. This epigenetic reprogramming prepares the germ cells for development in the next generation. Besides the developmental ontogeny of epigenetic modifications, there is also considerable stochastic variation, often without apparent biological purpose7–10. It is thought t ...
5 DNA Replication
... the entire chromosome would require almost 3 days. Yet, these bacteria are capable of dividing every 20 minutes. E. coli actually replicates its DNA at a rate of 1,000 nucleotides per second, with fewer than one in a billion errors. How is this extraordinarily accurate and rapid process accomplished ...
... the entire chromosome would require almost 3 days. Yet, these bacteria are capable of dividing every 20 minutes. E. coli actually replicates its DNA at a rate of 1,000 nucleotides per second, with fewer than one in a billion errors. How is this extraordinarily accurate and rapid process accomplished ...
Protein A gene expression is regulated by DNA supercoiling which
... As the expression of the protein A gene is dramatically repressed by high salt concentrations (1 M NaCl) and as high osmolarity alters the degree of plasmid DNA supercoiling, we looked at the effect of changing the degree of DNA supercoiling on protein A gene expression. We first determined the conc ...
... As the expression of the protein A gene is dramatically repressed by high salt concentrations (1 M NaCl) and as high osmolarity alters the degree of plasmid DNA supercoiling, we looked at the effect of changing the degree of DNA supercoiling on protein A gene expression. We first determined the conc ...
Article PDF
... grid with a step size of 0.78 Å was used for the P-B calculation. Sodium and chloride bulk concentrations were both set to 150 mM and the solvent probe radius was set to 1.4 Å. Solute and solvent dielectrics were set to 3.0 and 78 respectively. APBS was used to solve the nonlinear P-B equation with ...
... grid with a step size of 0.78 Å was used for the P-B calculation. Sodium and chloride bulk concentrations were both set to 150 mM and the solvent probe radius was set to 1.4 Å. Solute and solvent dielectrics were set to 3.0 and 78 respectively. APBS was used to solve the nonlinear P-B equation with ...
USB® Thermo Sequenase Cycle Sequencing Kit
... DNA sequencing relies on the synthesis of a new strand of DNA starting at a specific priming site and ending with the incorporation of a chain-terminating nucleotide such as a dideoxynucleoside triphosphate(4). The relative concentrations of dNTPs and ddNTPs are balanced so that the majority of chai ...
... DNA sequencing relies on the synthesis of a new strand of DNA starting at a specific priming site and ending with the incorporation of a chain-terminating nucleotide such as a dideoxynucleoside triphosphate(4). The relative concentrations of dNTPs and ddNTPs are balanced so that the majority of chai ...
bis-locked nucleic acids: a new tool for double helix invasion
... Gene therapy through the introduction of ONs is a very exciting approach because both mRNA and DNA have the potential to be modulated. Depending on the target, ONs can be classified as antisense, which target mRNA or as anti-gene that target chromosomal DNA. In the antisense mechanism, RNA-targeting ...
... Gene therapy through the introduction of ONs is a very exciting approach because both mRNA and DNA have the potential to be modulated. Depending on the target, ONs can be classified as antisense, which target mRNA or as anti-gene that target chromosomal DNA. In the antisense mechanism, RNA-targeting ...
HS-SCI-APB-Unit 3 -- Chapter 16- Molecular Basis
... the pathogenic bacteria with heat and then mixed the cell remains with living bacteria of the nonpathogenic strain, some of the living cells became pathogenic (Figure 16.2). Furthermore, this newly acquired trait of pathogenicity was inherited by all the descendants of the transformed bacteria. Clea ...
... the pathogenic bacteria with heat and then mixed the cell remains with living bacteria of the nonpathogenic strain, some of the living cells became pathogenic (Figure 16.2). Furthermore, this newly acquired trait of pathogenicity was inherited by all the descendants of the transformed bacteria. Clea ...
Mechanistic Comparison of High-Fidelity and Error
... magnesium ion (often called the catalytic magnesium ion) is coordinated by both the 3′-OH nucleophile of the primer and the R-phosphate of the incoming dNTP (Figure 1); collectively, these two ions serve to stabilize what is presumably an electron-rich, associative transition state. Since the chemic ...
... magnesium ion (often called the catalytic magnesium ion) is coordinated by both the 3′-OH nucleophile of the primer and the R-phosphate of the incoming dNTP (Figure 1); collectively, these two ions serve to stabilize what is presumably an electron-rich, associative transition state. Since the chemic ...
p53 regulation and function in normal cells and tumors
... The cells of the human body are programmed to respond to a variety of physical, chemical, and pathological agents including ultraviolet light, g-irradiation, and chemical carcinogens. Mechanisms to protect the integrity of inherited genetic information from the consequences of such exposure include ...
... The cells of the human body are programmed to respond to a variety of physical, chemical, and pathological agents including ultraviolet light, g-irradiation, and chemical carcinogens. Mechanisms to protect the integrity of inherited genetic information from the consequences of such exposure include ...
foreign
... Presence of organs in different organisms that are not anatomically similar but they perform similar functions , and two or more group of unrelated animals come to resemble each other for similar mode of life or habitat = ½ + ½ eg. (i) Wings of butterfly and Wings of birds / Wings of bats ...
... Presence of organs in different organisms that are not anatomically similar but they perform similar functions , and two or more group of unrelated animals come to resemble each other for similar mode of life or habitat = ½ + ½ eg. (i) Wings of butterfly and Wings of birds / Wings of bats ...
Comparison of real-time PCR with SYBR Green I or
... by the Ribosomal Database Project (Maidak et al., 2001; http:// rdp.cme.msu.edu/html/) were utilized for identifying the primers and probes that were able to bind with the desired specificity to the rDNA of the selected target bacteria. The Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium lactis assays were ...
... by the Ribosomal Database Project (Maidak et al., 2001; http:// rdp.cme.msu.edu/html/) were utilized for identifying the primers and probes that were able to bind with the desired specificity to the rDNA of the selected target bacteria. The Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium lactis assays were ...
CHAPTER 13 DNA manipulation
... into a cancer-suppressing gene so that this gene was disabled? Another major limitation was that, although these early techniques could carry a functional replacement copy of a gene into cells with a defective gene, these techniques were not able to mend a defective gene by editing or disabling it. ...
... into a cancer-suppressing gene so that this gene was disabled? Another major limitation was that, although these early techniques could carry a functional replacement copy of a gene into cells with a defective gene, these techniques were not able to mend a defective gene by editing or disabling it. ...
Prediction and investigation of novel proteins in DNA double
... Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario ...
... Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario ...
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.