DNA damage induces nucleoid compaction via the Mre11Rad50
... 1995; Poplawski and Bernander, 1997; Cabrera and Jin, 2003). Moreover, amino-acid starvation that induces the stringent response leads to nucleoid expansion (Cabrera and Jin, 2003; Ferullo and Lovett, 2008), and changes in the structure of the bacterial nucleoid are also observed after DNA damage; t ...
... 1995; Poplawski and Bernander, 1997; Cabrera and Jin, 2003). Moreover, amino-acid starvation that induces the stringent response leads to nucleoid expansion (Cabrera and Jin, 2003; Ferullo and Lovett, 2008), and changes in the structure of the bacterial nucleoid are also observed after DNA damage; t ...
Does DNA replication direct locus-specific recombination during
... T. brucei genome (Cross et al. 2014; Hovel-Miner et al. 2016; Marcello and Barry 2007). VSGs are only known to be expressed when present in the ES, and therefore, the silent VSG genes provide a huge archive of new VSG coats, with the genes located both in arrays in the subtelomeres of the 11 diploid ...
... T. brucei genome (Cross et al. 2014; Hovel-Miner et al. 2016; Marcello and Barry 2007). VSGs are only known to be expressed when present in the ES, and therefore, the silent VSG genes provide a huge archive of new VSG coats, with the genes located both in arrays in the subtelomeres of the 11 diploid ...
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... The presence of an abnormal amount of single-stranded DNA in the bacterial cell constitutes a genotoxic alarm signal that induces the SOS response, a broad regulatory network found in most bacterial species to address DNA damage. The aim of this review was to point out that beyond being a repair pro ...
... The presence of an abnormal amount of single-stranded DNA in the bacterial cell constitutes a genotoxic alarm signal that induces the SOS response, a broad regulatory network found in most bacterial species to address DNA damage. The aim of this review was to point out that beyond being a repair pro ...
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... can be heard at most beaches on a sunny day. It’s an important directive, though, because sunlight — for all its beneficial effects — can readily damage the skin. The most dangerous wavelengths of sunlight are the ones we can’t see: the ultraviolet (UV) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Not onl ...
... can be heard at most beaches on a sunny day. It’s an important directive, though, because sunlight — for all its beneficial effects — can readily damage the skin. The most dangerous wavelengths of sunlight are the ones we can’t see: the ultraviolet (UV) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Not onl ...
DNA damage and decisions: CtIP coordinates DNA repair and cell
... Maintenance of genome stability depends on efficient, accurate repair of DNA damage. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most lethal types of DNA damage, with the potential to cause mutation, chromosomal rearrangement, and genomic instability that could contribute to cancer. DSB damage can ...
... Maintenance of genome stability depends on efficient, accurate repair of DNA damage. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most lethal types of DNA damage, with the potential to cause mutation, chromosomal rearrangement, and genomic instability that could contribute to cancer. DSB damage can ...
Geminivirus Replication Origins Have a Modular
... TGMV A (Figure 1, cf. lanes 2 and 3), while BGMV B only replicated in the presence of BGMV A (cf. lanes 6 and 7). These results established that BGMV is able to replicate efficiently in tobacco cells and that, similar to TGMV A (Rogers et al., 1986; Hayes and Buck, 1989), BGMV A provides all of the ...
... TGMV A (Figure 1, cf. lanes 2 and 3), while BGMV B only replicated in the presence of BGMV A (cf. lanes 6 and 7). These results established that BGMV is able to replicate efficiently in tobacco cells and that, similar to TGMV A (Rogers et al., 1986; Hayes and Buck, 1989), BGMV A provides all of the ...
ATR Regulates a G2-Phase Cell-Cycle Checkpoint
... only in terms of their viability but also in their degree of sensitivity to g-radiation. In the course of these experiments, we also observed a differential response to HU versus aphidicolin in wild-type cells, with HU primarily inducing a G1 arrest, whereas aphidicolin induced arrest in G2. This st ...
... only in terms of their viability but also in their degree of sensitivity to g-radiation. In the course of these experiments, we also observed a differential response to HU versus aphidicolin in wild-type cells, with HU primarily inducing a G1 arrest, whereas aphidicolin induced arrest in G2. This st ...
PCR Reagents
... TaqNovaHS DNA Polymerase is a mixture of thermostable TaqNova DNA polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus and a highly specific monoclonal antibody, which acts as an inhibitor of the polymerization activity. The TaqNovaHS enables easy set up of a hot-start PCR reaction at room temperature. The an ...
... TaqNovaHS DNA Polymerase is a mixture of thermostable TaqNova DNA polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus and a highly specific monoclonal antibody, which acts as an inhibitor of the polymerization activity. The TaqNovaHS enables easy set up of a hot-start PCR reaction at room temperature. The an ...
ATR Regulates a G2-Phase Cell-Cycle Checkpoint
... only in terms of their viability but also in their degree of sensitivity to g-radiation. In the course of these experiments, we also observed a differential response to HU versus aphidicolin in wild-type cells, with HU primarily inducing a G1 arrest, whereas aphidicolin induced arrest in G2. This st ...
... only in terms of their viability but also in their degree of sensitivity to g-radiation. In the course of these experiments, we also observed a differential response to HU versus aphidicolin in wild-type cells, with HU primarily inducing a G1 arrest, whereas aphidicolin induced arrest in G2. This st ...
Mutual Interactions of the Phosphate Groups in Locally Deformed
... DNA isomerizations into the unwound non-B conformations (Jovin et al. 1983; Vorlíčková and Kypr 1985; Kypr and Vorlíčková 1988). It follows from previous studies considering all intramolecular forces ope rating in DNA, but not solvent and ions, that grooves play crucial role in DNA bending (Zhurkin ...
... DNA isomerizations into the unwound non-B conformations (Jovin et al. 1983; Vorlíčková and Kypr 1985; Kypr and Vorlíčková 1988). It follows from previous studies considering all intramolecular forces ope rating in DNA, but not solvent and ions, that grooves play crucial role in DNA bending (Zhurkin ...
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... have been developing head to head to achieve nowadays a remarkable level of sophistication. They have their own unique advantages but, largely, offer similar capabilities and require the same workflow. The main advantage of optical tweezers is the ease with which single beads can be manipulated and ...
... have been developing head to head to achieve nowadays a remarkable level of sophistication. They have their own unique advantages but, largely, offer similar capabilities and require the same workflow. The main advantage of optical tweezers is the ease with which single beads can be manipulated and ...
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY AT DNA CORPORATE
... thought to responsibility from the company point of view, or how wide-spread its scope is, until I participated in the training last spring. While I may not be the most ecoconscious person out there, it was great to hear about DNA’s commitment as a company to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and use ...
... thought to responsibility from the company point of view, or how wide-spread its scope is, until I participated in the training last spring. While I may not be the most ecoconscious person out there, it was great to hear about DNA’s commitment as a company to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and use ...
Validation of picogram- and femtogram-input DNA libraries
... metagenomic library construction is the requirement for relatively large sample amounts, e.g. grams of soil or liters of seawater which comprise millions of microbial cells. However, samples of this size aggregate microbial population heterogeneity and metabolic processes occurring at the microscale ...
... metagenomic library construction is the requirement for relatively large sample amounts, e.g. grams of soil or liters of seawater which comprise millions of microbial cells. However, samples of this size aggregate microbial population heterogeneity and metabolic processes occurring at the microscale ...
15. nucleic acids
... of them are found in transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which While names of nucleosides and are a class of nucleic acids. Methylation is the most nucleotides are generally derived from the common form of purine modification. Methylation of corresponding bases, we have here an purines (particularly of adenine) ...
... of them are found in transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which While names of nucleosides and are a class of nucleic acids. Methylation is the most nucleotides are generally derived from the common form of purine modification. Methylation of corresponding bases, we have here an purines (particularly of adenine) ...
Dynamics and control of DNA sequence amplification
... operating conditions is required. However, in the absence of such a dynamic model, the operating conditions for PCR reactions are typically selected based on analysis of reaction thermodynamics, and, to a lesser extent, qualitative analysis of reaction kinetics. Reductions in cycle efficiency (eithe ...
... operating conditions is required. However, in the absence of such a dynamic model, the operating conditions for PCR reactions are typically selected based on analysis of reaction thermodynamics, and, to a lesser extent, qualitative analysis of reaction kinetics. Reductions in cycle efficiency (eithe ...
Chloroplast DNA replication is regulated by the redox state
... Chloroplast division is performed by constriction of the ring structures at the division site, encompassing both the inside and the outside of the two envelopes (Yang et al., 2008; Maple and Moller, 2010; Miyagishima, 2011; Pyke, 2012). One part of the division machinery is derived from the cyanoba ...
... Chloroplast division is performed by constriction of the ring structures at the division site, encompassing both the inside and the outside of the two envelopes (Yang et al., 2008; Maple and Moller, 2010; Miyagishima, 2011; Pyke, 2012). One part of the division machinery is derived from the cyanoba ...
CHAPTER 14 DNA applications in society
... Some of these recombinant proteins, such as Humulin®, replaced products that were previously extracted from tissues of other species. Other recombinant proteins, such as human growth hormone (rec hGH), replaced products that were extracted from tissues of dead people (cadavers). Other recombinant pr ...
... Some of these recombinant proteins, such as Humulin®, replaced products that were previously extracted from tissues of other species. Other recombinant proteins, such as human growth hormone (rec hGH), replaced products that were extracted from tissues of dead people (cadavers). Other recombinant pr ...
voltammetric methods for determination of some anticancer drugs
... The DNA-biosensor was prepared as described in the experimental section. During the conditioning procedure the dsDNA film interacted with ssDNA in bulk solution, structural modification of the dsDNA immobilized on the glassy carbon surface taking place by interchain crosslinking with ssDNA in the so ...
... The DNA-biosensor was prepared as described in the experimental section. During the conditioning procedure the dsDNA film interacted with ssDNA in bulk solution, structural modification of the dsDNA immobilized on the glassy carbon surface taking place by interchain crosslinking with ssDNA in the so ...
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... In all eukaryotic organisms, genome replication depends on activity of the primosome, a four-subunit complex of DNA primase and DNA polymerase α (Polα) [1]. The primosome initiates synthesis of both the leading and lagging strands by making chimeric RNA-DNA primers, which are required for the loadin ...
... In all eukaryotic organisms, genome replication depends on activity of the primosome, a four-subunit complex of DNA primase and DNA polymerase α (Polα) [1]. The primosome initiates synthesis of both the leading and lagging strands by making chimeric RNA-DNA primers, which are required for the loadin ...
Poly ADP-ribosylation: a histone shuttle mechanism in DNA excision
... Smerdon and Thoma, 1990). More recently, work with cell-free lysate systems for chromatin assembly and repair has shown that the assembly of DNA into nucleosomes is associated with marked suppression of nucleotide excision repair, which apparently occurs at steps preceding repair synthesis (e.g. see ...
... Smerdon and Thoma, 1990). More recently, work with cell-free lysate systems for chromatin assembly and repair has shown that the assembly of DNA into nucleosomes is associated with marked suppression of nucleotide excision repair, which apparently occurs at steps preceding repair synthesis (e.g. see ...
Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing
... Numerous methods have been devised to purify PCR products from unincorporated components and undesired by-products, which interfere with direct DNA sequencing. Shrimp alkaline phosphatase treatment combined with exonuclease I digestion is one method used to remove excess primer, singlestranded (ss)D ...
... Numerous methods have been devised to purify PCR products from unincorporated components and undesired by-products, which interfere with direct DNA sequencing. Shrimp alkaline phosphatase treatment combined with exonuclease I digestion is one method used to remove excess primer, singlestranded (ss)D ...
Directions for Use Taq DNA Polymerase, 500U
... Will UNG remove uracil from both ss- and dsDNA with the same efficiency? No, UNG removes uracil from ss-DNA at a rate of 200% compared to dsDNA. Will UNG remove uracil from RNA? Will it work with short oligos (e.g. 25-mer)? UNG does not act on uracil on the ribose sugar backbone. It will work on ura ...
... Will UNG remove uracil from both ss- and dsDNA with the same efficiency? No, UNG removes uracil from ss-DNA at a rate of 200% compared to dsDNA. Will UNG remove uracil from RNA? Will it work with short oligos (e.g. 25-mer)? UNG does not act on uracil on the ribose sugar backbone. It will work on ura ...
Chapter 32: DNA Replication in Yeast
... genes. The third and fourth subunits are encoded by a single nonessential gene. These two subunits may represent different posttranslational modifications of the primary gene product, or one may be a proteolytic degradation product of the other. The gene encoding the smallest subunit has not been id ...
... genes. The third and fourth subunits are encoded by a single nonessential gene. These two subunits may represent different posttranslational modifications of the primary gene product, or one may be a proteolytic degradation product of the other. The gene encoding the smallest subunit has not been id ...
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.