Physicists realize an atom laser, a source of coherent matter waves
... constant. λdB can be regarded as the position uncertainty associated with the thermal momentum distribution. At high temperature, λdB is small, and it is very improbable to find two particles within this distance. Therefore, the indistinguishability of particles is not important, and a classical des ...
... constant. λdB can be regarded as the position uncertainty associated with the thermal momentum distribution. At high temperature, λdB is small, and it is very improbable to find two particles within this distance. Therefore, the indistinguishability of particles is not important, and a classical des ...
Dynamics of Bose-Einstein Condensates in Trapped Atomic Gases
... Q: Since we are talking about probabilities, isn’t it possible to have an arbitrary phase eiα in these relations? Then why ±? ...
... Q: Since we are talking about probabilities, isn’t it possible to have an arbitrary phase eiα in these relations? Then why ±? ...
Pre Mid Year SAR - Yonkers Public Schools
... 13. The symbols representing four sediment particles are shown in the key below. These particles are being transported by Sandy Creek into Lake Ontario. On the cross section below, draw the symbols on the bottom of Lake Ontario to show the relative position where each sediment particle is most likel ...
... 13. The symbols representing four sediment particles are shown in the key below. These particles are being transported by Sandy Creek into Lake Ontario. On the cross section below, draw the symbols on the bottom of Lake Ontario to show the relative position where each sediment particle is most likel ...
biology terms biochemistry
... 37. An ________________ is an elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of matter, has a negative charge and exists independently or as the component outside the nucleus of an atom. 38. A ___________________ is an elementary particle having no charge, has a mass slightly greater than tha ...
... 37. An ________________ is an elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of matter, has a negative charge and exists independently or as the component outside the nucleus of an atom. 38. A ___________________ is an elementary particle having no charge, has a mass slightly greater than tha ...
Influence of boundary conditions on quantum
... been at the center of many experimental and theoretical studies, leading to a number of profound discoveries in mathematical physics (for a recent review see ref. [1]). Most of the theoretical progress has been made in the context of classical mechanics, where different dynamical behaviors —regular, ...
... been at the center of many experimental and theoretical studies, leading to a number of profound discoveries in mathematical physics (for a recent review see ref. [1]). Most of the theoretical progress has been made in the context of classical mechanics, where different dynamical behaviors —regular, ...
Lecture 11 Identical particles
... Antisymmetry of wavefunction under particle exchange follows from antisymmetry of Slater determinant, ψabc (1, 2, 3) = −ψabc (1, 3, 2). Moreover, determinant is non-vanishing only if all three states a, b, c are different – manifestation of Pauli’s exclusion principle: two identical fermions can not ...
... Antisymmetry of wavefunction under particle exchange follows from antisymmetry of Slater determinant, ψabc (1, 2, 3) = −ψabc (1, 3, 2). Moreover, determinant is non-vanishing only if all three states a, b, c are different – manifestation of Pauli’s exclusion principle: two identical fermions can not ...
Chapter 23 Electric Fields
... • is inversely proportional to the square of the separation r between the particles and directed along the line joining them. • is proportional to the product of the charges q1 and q2 on the two particles. • is attractive if the charges are of opposite sign and repulsive if the charges have the same ...
... • is inversely proportional to the square of the separation r between the particles and directed along the line joining them. • is proportional to the product of the charges q1 and q2 on the two particles. • is attractive if the charges are of opposite sign and repulsive if the charges have the same ...
ONE-ELECTRON ATOMS: SPECTRAL PATTERNS Late 19th
... mass particles, like electrons. In other words, both light and matter can exhibit particle-like and wave-like behavior. If so, he argues, electrons (and perhaps other, very light particles) ought to have wave-like properties: they won’t be localized, but exist over some spatial extent; they will hav ...
... mass particles, like electrons. In other words, both light and matter can exhibit particle-like and wave-like behavior. If so, he argues, electrons (and perhaps other, very light particles) ought to have wave-like properties: they won’t be localized, but exist over some spatial extent; they will hav ...
Ch 7 Lecture Notes
... - In 1913 he proposed a new model of the atom that attempted to better explain atomic line spectra and disproved J.J. Thompson’s “Plum Pudding” model. - Electrons move in circular ____________ around the nucleus. - The closer the orbit to the nucleus, the lower its ______________. - Each orbit has a ...
... - In 1913 he proposed a new model of the atom that attempted to better explain atomic line spectra and disproved J.J. Thompson’s “Plum Pudding” model. - Electrons move in circular ____________ around the nucleus. - The closer the orbit to the nucleus, the lower its ______________. - Each orbit has a ...
Midterm Review
... Define the law of multiple proportions and provide examples of two compounds that illustrate the concept. ...
... Define the law of multiple proportions and provide examples of two compounds that illustrate the concept. ...
Applied Physics - Full-Time - JNTUH College of Engineering
... Course Objectives: The course primarily aims at understanding the behavior of matter in the condensed state and tries to explore the causes with reference to micro level mechanism of the solid matter. The objective of the first chapter is to study the micro level behavior of the quantum particles of ...
... Course Objectives: The course primarily aims at understanding the behavior of matter in the condensed state and tries to explore the causes with reference to micro level mechanism of the solid matter. The objective of the first chapter is to study the micro level behavior of the quantum particles of ...
Elementary particle
In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown, thus it is unknown whether it is composed of other particles. Known elementary particles include the fundamental fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks, and antileptons), which generally are ""matter particles"" and ""antimatter particles"", as well as the fundamental bosons (gauge bosons and Higgs boson), which generally are ""force particles"" that mediate interactions among fermions. A particle containing two or more elementary particles is a composite particle.Everyday matter is composed of atoms, once presumed to be matter's elementary particles—atom meaning ""indivisible"" in Greek—although the atom's existence remained controversial until about 1910, as some leading physicists regarded molecules as mathematical illusions, and matter as ultimately composed of energy. Soon, subatomic constituents of the atom were identified. As the 1930s opened, the electron and the proton had been observed, along with the photon, the particle of electromagnetic radiation. At that time, the recent advent of quantum mechanics was radically altering the conception of particles, as a single particle could seemingly span a field as would a wave, a paradox still eluding satisfactory explanation.Via quantum theory, protons and neutrons were found to contain quarks—up quarks and down quarks—now considered elementary particles. And within a molecule, the electron's three degrees of freedom (charge, spin, orbital) can separate via wavefunction into three quasiparticles (holon, spinon, orbiton). Yet a free electron—which, not orbiting an atomic nucleus, lacks orbital motion—appears unsplittable and remains regarded as an elementary particle.Around 1980, an elementary particle's status as indeed elementary—an ultimate constituent of substance—was mostly discarded for a more practical outlook, embodied in particle physics' Standard Model, science's most experimentally successful theory. Many elaborations upon and theories beyond the Standard Model, including the extremely popular supersymmetry, double the number of elementary particles by hypothesizing that each known particle associates with a ""shadow"" partner far more massive, although all such superpartners remain undiscovered. Meanwhile, an elementary boson mediating gravitation—the graviton—remains hypothetical.