as Word 2000
... always successful unless the defending amoeba possesses Defense, Escape, or Armor. If the attack is successful unless the other amoeba possesses Defense, Escape, or Armor. If the attack is successful, the other amoeba is removed from the board. The attacker eats but does not excrete as normal. Inste ...
... always successful unless the defending amoeba possesses Defense, Escape, or Armor. If the attack is successful unless the other amoeba possesses Defense, Escape, or Armor. If the attack is successful, the other amoeba is removed from the board. The attacker eats but does not excrete as normal. Inste ...
Gene regulation and speciation in house mice
... chimpanzees and humans could not be explained by changes in protein sequences alone (King and Wilson 1975). Since then, there has been a lively debate about the relative importance of changes in gene regulation versus changes in gene structure in adaptive evolution (e.g., Hoekstra and Coyne 2007; Ca ...
... chimpanzees and humans could not be explained by changes in protein sequences alone (King and Wilson 1975). Since then, there has been a lively debate about the relative importance of changes in gene regulation versus changes in gene structure in adaptive evolution (e.g., Hoekstra and Coyne 2007; Ca ...
how does stress affect the strength of selection on
... except to note that this creates a potential bias in investigating the effects of new mutations because of unavoidable selection in some experimental protocols. There is good reason to expect the patterns for standing variation to differ from those for new mutations, so we must be particularly alert ...
... except to note that this creates a potential bias in investigating the effects of new mutations because of unavoidable selection in some experimental protocols. There is good reason to expect the patterns for standing variation to differ from those for new mutations, so we must be particularly alert ...
Selecting an Ontology for Biomedical Text Mining He Tan, Patrick Lambrix Abstract
... purpose of component 3 is to evaluate the use of ontologies in a real system. This component could provide a relatively straightforward method for evaluating the quality of ontologies for use in the application. The field of biomedical text mining has expended considerable effort in building evaluat ...
... purpose of component 3 is to evaluate the use of ontologies in a real system. This component could provide a relatively straightforward method for evaluating the quality of ontologies for use in the application. The field of biomedical text mining has expended considerable effort in building evaluat ...
Understanding Natural Selection: Essential Concepts and Common
... and the “Struggle for Existence” A key observation underlying natural selection is that, in principle, populations have the capacity to increase in numbers exponentially (or “geometrically”). This is a simple function of mathematics: If one organism produces two offspring, and each of them produces ...
... and the “Struggle for Existence” A key observation underlying natural selection is that, in principle, populations have the capacity to increase in numbers exponentially (or “geometrically”). This is a simple function of mathematics: If one organism produces two offspring, and each of them produces ...
Evolution 2010 Wilkins-1
... the fitness relationships described above, it is possible to draw certain general conclusions. These conclusions do not depend on a specific model of the interaction between the two gene products, nor do they make any assumptions regarding the relationship between the mean gene expression level asso ...
... the fitness relationships described above, it is possible to draw certain general conclusions. These conclusions do not depend on a specific model of the interaction between the two gene products, nor do they make any assumptions regarding the relationship between the mean gene expression level asso ...
Please address all correspondence to senior author
... Mendel’s law of segregation predicts equal numbers of each of a parent’s alleles in the gamete pool. But, given that each individual produces only a small number of offspring from a huge number of gametes, there is always a considerable chance that the gametes which make it into the subsequent gener ...
... Mendel’s law of segregation predicts equal numbers of each of a parent’s alleles in the gamete pool. But, given that each individual produces only a small number of offspring from a huge number of gametes, there is always a considerable chance that the gametes which make it into the subsequent gener ...
Natural selection and the maximization of fitness
... between parents and offspring. Offspring, while resembling their parents on the whole, inherit a combination of genes that is not a simple replica of either parent. Consequently, a gene that promotes the fitness of a parent can, on finding itself in a new genomic context, detract from the fitness of ...
... between parents and offspring. Offspring, while resembling their parents on the whole, inherit a combination of genes that is not a simple replica of either parent. Consequently, a gene that promotes the fitness of a parent can, on finding itself in a new genomic context, detract from the fitness of ...
phenotypic correlations - Watson et al (v91)
... Here we build on this prior work with the aim of identifying organisational principles to predict how past selection shapes the properties of non-linear developmental processes. Rather than assuming a simple linear model of phenotypic correlations, or a highly complex G-P mapping where we would have ...
... Here we build on this prior work with the aim of identifying organisational principles to predict how past selection shapes the properties of non-linear developmental processes. Rather than assuming a simple linear model of phenotypic correlations, or a highly complex G-P mapping where we would have ...
The speed of ecological speciation
... is the direct cause of reduced gene flow in both cases. One predicted difference, however, is that reductions in gene flow may be more sensitive to the fitness of migrants than to the fitness of hybrids. One reason is that hybrids are often phenotypically intermediate between parental species, and w ...
... is the direct cause of reduced gene flow in both cases. One predicted difference, however, is that reductions in gene flow may be more sensitive to the fitness of migrants than to the fitness of hybrids. One reason is that hybrids are often phenotypically intermediate between parental species, and w ...
(1904–2005) Ernst Mayr and the integration of geographic and
... expose populations to divergent natural selection will accelerate genetic divergence, and thus the process of by-product speciation. Speciation is accelerated because ecological traits under divergent selection, or traits that are genetically-correlated with such traits, can incidentally affect repr ...
... expose populations to divergent natural selection will accelerate genetic divergence, and thus the process of by-product speciation. Speciation is accelerated because ecological traits under divergent selection, or traits that are genetically-correlated with such traits, can incidentally affect repr ...
speciation - Cameron University
... of change). "Punctuated equilibrium" is the term describing this paleontologically derived view of the evolutionary process. Along with this idea goes the idea of evolutionary constraints. Gould argued that many possible courses of evolution are simply not an option once certain paths have been foll ...
... of change). "Punctuated equilibrium" is the term describing this paleontologically derived view of the evolutionary process. Along with this idea goes the idea of evolutionary constraints. Gould argued that many possible courses of evolution are simply not an option once certain paths have been foll ...
natural selection and heredity
... an hypothesis as to the factors controlling evolutionary change. He maintained that living matter had an inherent capacity to alter gradually over many generations from a simple structure or organisation to a more complex and perfect one. Over and above this, he noted that organs which are much used ...
... an hypothesis as to the factors controlling evolutionary change. He maintained that living matter had an inherent capacity to alter gradually over many generations from a simple structure or organisation to a more complex and perfect one. Over and above this, he noted that organs which are much used ...
Natural selection and the maximization of fitness
... recombination and epistasis complicate the transmission of fitness between parents and offspring. Offspring, while resembling their parents on the whole, inherit a combination of genes that is not a simple replica of either parent. Consequently, a gene that promotes the fitness of a parent can, on f ...
... recombination and epistasis complicate the transmission of fitness between parents and offspring. Offspring, while resembling their parents on the whole, inherit a combination of genes that is not a simple replica of either parent. Consequently, a gene that promotes the fitness of a parent can, on f ...
Changing views on melanic moths
... trunks, a survey was carried out along the transect from polluted Manchester to unpolluted N Wales (Bishop et al., 1975). The fraction of the trunk at 1.5 m which was bare bark or covered in algae, lichens or bryophytes was scored on samples of five trees at 53 sites, and light reflectance was measu ...
... trunks, a survey was carried out along the transect from polluted Manchester to unpolluted N Wales (Bishop et al., 1975). The fraction of the trunk at 1.5 m which was bare bark or covered in algae, lichens or bryophytes was scored on samples of five trees at 53 sites, and light reflectance was measu ...
Evolution 2010 Wilkins
... the intragenomic conflict. The dependence on the β terms, however, is more complicated and potentially much more significant. Note in particular the difference term in the denominator. Because this term can be small, there will be combinations of the β terms that can lead to large phenotype deviatio ...
... the intragenomic conflict. The dependence on the β terms, however, is more complicated and potentially much more significant. Note in particular the difference term in the denominator. Because this term can be small, there will be combinations of the β terms that can lead to large phenotype deviatio ...
Castric et al. (MBE 2010) - GEPV
... A third feature of the molecular evolution of SI genes is the preponderant role of introgression. Balancing selection is expected to favor introgression at the genes controlling SI because any novel S-allele introduced by introgression would be locally rare in the recipient species and thus enter th ...
... A third feature of the molecular evolution of SI genes is the preponderant role of introgression. Balancing selection is expected to favor introgression at the genes controlling SI because any novel S-allele introduced by introgression would be locally rare in the recipient species and thus enter th ...
Artificial Selection and Domestication: Modern Lessons from
... artificial selection with processes occurring in the wild. The example cited most often is that of Alfred Russel Wallace, whose independent discovery of natural selection prompted Darwin to publish the Origin. In his paper presented jointly with Darwin’s to the Linnean Society of London in 1858, Wal ...
... artificial selection with processes occurring in the wild. The example cited most often is that of Alfred Russel Wallace, whose independent discovery of natural selection prompted Darwin to publish the Origin. In his paper presented jointly with Darwin’s to the Linnean Society of London in 1858, Wal ...
as PDF
... always successful unless the defending amoeba possesses Defense, Escape, or Armor. If the attack is successful unless the other amoeba possesses Defense, Escape, or Armor. If the attack is successful, the other amoeba is removed from the board. The attacker eats but does not excrete as normal. Inste ...
... always successful unless the defending amoeba possesses Defense, Escape, or Armor. If the attack is successful unless the other amoeba possesses Defense, Escape, or Armor. If the attack is successful, the other amoeba is removed from the board. The attacker eats but does not excrete as normal. Inste ...
Chapter 15
... 31. An agricultural researcher has carried out a selection regime on corn plants in an attempt to increase the number of kernels per cob. The researcher is applying directional selection by choosing only the plants with the top 5% number of kernels per cob to be planted for the next generation. Afte ...
... 31. An agricultural researcher has carried out a selection regime on corn plants in an attempt to increase the number of kernels per cob. The researcher is applying directional selection by choosing only the plants with the top 5% number of kernels per cob to be planted for the next generation. Afte ...
philosophy of biology - Carol Eunmi LEE
... census size is not cut precisely in half in the passage from egg to adult. And we say that the probability that heterozygote parents will produce a heterozygote offspring is 0.5 even though we know that some such matings yield frequencies of heterozygotes that differ from 0.5. If we are describing a ...
... census size is not cut precisely in half in the passage from egg to adult. And we say that the probability that heterozygote parents will produce a heterozygote offspring is 0.5 even though we know that some such matings yield frequencies of heterozygotes that differ from 0.5. If we are describing a ...
Population genetics by Knud Christensen
... two Mendelian segregating gene pairs control the milk yield. For each A or B allele an individual has a yield increase of one kilogram. The alleles A and a have the same frequency in the distributions. For a realistic picture of the genetic background for milk yields, hundreds of gene pairs have to ...
... two Mendelian segregating gene pairs control the milk yield. For each A or B allele an individual has a yield increase of one kilogram. The alleles A and a have the same frequency in the distributions. For a realistic picture of the genetic background for milk yields, hundreds of gene pairs have to ...
PHI-Canto video tutorial text - PHI-base
... Confirm the correct pathogen genes have been pulled up from the UniProt IDs. More genes can be added if required or existing genes removed. Running through the contents for these headings from left to right we have the entered UniProt ID under systematic identifier, next to this we have the UniProt ...
... Confirm the correct pathogen genes have been pulled up from the UniProt IDs. More genes can be added if required or existing genes removed. Running through the contents for these headings from left to right we have the entered UniProt ID under systematic identifier, next to this we have the UniProt ...
A framework for comparing processes of speciation in the
... while others influence only one of the traits, or neither. Thus, referring to ‘pleiotropic genes’ (e.g. Servedio et al. 2011) is potentially misleading. Similarly, the fact that a particular allele has pleiotropic effects on two traits does not necessarily mean that other alleles at the same or at o ...
... while others influence only one of the traits, or neither. Thus, referring to ‘pleiotropic genes’ (e.g. Servedio et al. 2011) is potentially misleading. Similarly, the fact that a particular allele has pleiotropic effects on two traits does not necessarily mean that other alleles at the same or at o ...