The Nature and Units of Social Selection
... properties are altered by subset selection. Hard winters, hot summers, and various natural catastrophes commonly eliminate organisms. Similarly, institutions, social organizations and human individuals are populations of social interactors whose properties are altered by subset selection. As previou ...
... properties are altered by subset selection. Hard winters, hot summers, and various natural catastrophes commonly eliminate organisms. Similarly, institutions, social organizations and human individuals are populations of social interactors whose properties are altered by subset selection. As previou ...
Formation of vestigial organs
... Another recent theory that considers vestigial structures at the genetic level is molecular noise suppression. Phillip Regal describes it as “the noise squelch theory of streamlining evolution” (127). Streamlining evolution refers to Regal’s view that reduction of useless characteristics is not a re ...
... Another recent theory that considers vestigial structures at the genetic level is molecular noise suppression. Phillip Regal describes it as “the noise squelch theory of streamlining evolution” (127). Streamlining evolution refers to Regal’s view that reduction of useless characteristics is not a re ...
Article Genetic Signatures Reveal High-Altitude
... The Tibetan and Andean Plateaus and Ethiopian highlands are the largest regions to have long-term high-altitude residents. Such populations are exposed to lower barometric pressures and hence atmospheric partial pressures of oxygen. Such “hypobaric hypoxia” may limit physical functional capacity, re ...
... The Tibetan and Andean Plateaus and Ethiopian highlands are the largest regions to have long-term high-altitude residents. Such populations are exposed to lower barometric pressures and hence atmospheric partial pressures of oxygen. Such “hypobaric hypoxia” may limit physical functional capacity, re ...
Annotation mapping functions
... Tip: When unlisting a list (unlist), set the argument use.names to FALSE, as this will greatly speed up the process. But, naturally, only if you do not need the names. Tip 2: unlist concatenate the names with a number for each entry, with might make a mess, if the names already end with a number. Th ...
... Tip: When unlisting a list (unlist), set the argument use.names to FALSE, as this will greatly speed up the process. But, naturally, only if you do not need the names. Tip 2: unlist concatenate the names with a number for each entry, with might make a mess, if the names already end with a number. Th ...
MAGMA manual (version 1.05)
... can vary considerably. It should be noted that (at present) the specified sample size does not directly affect the gene analysis itself. It is however included for reference in output files, serves as default weight when performing meta-analysis, and will be used to correct for differences in sample ...
... can vary considerably. It should be noted that (at present) the specified sample size does not directly affect the gene analysis itself. It is however included for reference in output files, serves as default weight when performing meta-analysis, and will be used to correct for differences in sample ...
Towards an accurate identification of mosaic genes and
... horizontal gene transfer plays the role of the species tree. For instance, 16S rRNA or 23S rRNA genes may also undergo HGT, but they seem to do it at a relatively low rate (38). The tree T must be rooted with respect to the available evolutionary evidence. If no plausible evidence for rooting T exis ...
... horizontal gene transfer plays the role of the species tree. For instance, 16S rRNA or 23S rRNA genes may also undergo HGT, but they seem to do it at a relatively low rate (38). The tree T must be rooted with respect to the available evolutionary evidence. If no plausible evidence for rooting T exis ...
Individual pollen limitation, phylogeny and selection
... Does selection act to reduce individual pollen limitation? As conventionally measured, pollen limitation is a population property based on the average seed production, W , of naturally (nat) and fully hand-pollinated (hp) plants and is quantified as PL ¼ 1 W nat =W hp . Pollen limitation thus desc ...
... Does selection act to reduce individual pollen limitation? As conventionally measured, pollen limitation is a population property based on the average seed production, W , of naturally (nat) and fully hand-pollinated (hp) plants and is quantified as PL ¼ 1 W nat =W hp . Pollen limitation thus desc ...
Memes
... my mind you literally parasitize my brain, turning it into a vehicle for the meme's propagation in just the way that a virus may parasitize the genetic mechanism of a host cell.” – R. Dawkins, The Selfish Gene ...
... my mind you literally parasitize my brain, turning it into a vehicle for the meme's propagation in just the way that a virus may parasitize the genetic mechanism of a host cell.” – R. Dawkins, The Selfish Gene ...
Social semantics: how useful has group selection been?
... (in contrast to the stunning list of kin selection successes given in Table 1); (c) they actually provide strong support for the points made in our original paper (West et al., 2007b). Population viscosity Wilson’s first example of the insights provided by group selection is the effect of population ...
... (in contrast to the stunning list of kin selection successes given in Table 1); (c) they actually provide strong support for the points made in our original paper (West et al., 2007b). Population viscosity Wilson’s first example of the insights provided by group selection is the effect of population ...
Towards an accurate identification of mosaic genes and partial
... horizontal gene transfer plays the role of the species tree. For instance, 16S rRNA or 23S rRNA genes may also undergo HGT, but they seem to do it at a relatively low rate (38). The tree T must be rooted with respect to the available evolutionary evidence. If no plausible evidence for rooting T exis ...
... horizontal gene transfer plays the role of the species tree. For instance, 16S rRNA or 23S rRNA genes may also undergo HGT, but they seem to do it at a relatively low rate (38). The tree T must be rooted with respect to the available evolutionary evidence. If no plausible evidence for rooting T exis ...
Natural Selection - Bakersfield College
... – Now believed to have arisen from single pair or pregnant female from So. American mainland • Rafted to islands by storm • Population size increased and resources decreased • Individuals capable of using other resources did so to survive • Natural selection gradually selected for those groups that ...
... – Now believed to have arisen from single pair or pregnant female from So. American mainland • Rafted to islands by storm • Population size increased and resources decreased • Individuals capable of using other resources did so to survive • Natural selection gradually selected for those groups that ...
Adaptive evolution of lateral plates in threespined stickleback
... linkage mapping approaches have been focused to identify the specific molecular changes responsible for lateral-plate differences. Despite the diversity of life-history, morphological and behavioural traits in Gasterosteus sp., viable crosses can be produced from almost any two populations from arou ...
... linkage mapping approaches have been focused to identify the specific molecular changes responsible for lateral-plate differences. Despite the diversity of life-history, morphological and behavioural traits in Gasterosteus sp., viable crosses can be produced from almost any two populations from arou ...
variation in fitness - University of California, Berkeley
... produced by mutation is a new one, so that in practice there is an infinite number of alleles. This is very close to what is observed in molecular evolution, since with a protein of 100 amino acids and the possibility of twenty amino acids at each site, there are 20100 possible types, plus all other ...
... produced by mutation is a new one, so that in practice there is an infinite number of alleles. This is very close to what is observed in molecular evolution, since with a protein of 100 amino acids and the possibility of twenty amino acids at each site, there are 20100 possible types, plus all other ...
Manuscript - Weizmann Institute of Science
... given species often fall on the same line as variations between species - a phenomenon called ‘evolution along genetic lines of least resistance’ ...
... given species often fall on the same line as variations between species - a phenomenon called ‘evolution along genetic lines of least resistance’ ...
MGF 360-17R Missing
... since it has been declared to no longer be part of the MGF series, these genes are not represented in the diagram. ...
... since it has been declared to no longer be part of the MGF series, these genes are not represented in the diagram. ...
A Large Rearrangement Involving Genes and Low-Copy DNA
... rice genome sequences (http://rgp.dna.affrc.go.jp/; Goff et al. 2002; Yu et al. 2002) for a better understanding of genome evolution in grasses. Few detailed studies of large contiguous barley genomic sequences have been published. Two fragments of ⬍100 kb have been analyzed at the Rar1 locus on chr ...
... rice genome sequences (http://rgp.dna.affrc.go.jp/; Goff et al. 2002; Yu et al. 2002) for a better understanding of genome evolution in grasses. Few detailed studies of large contiguous barley genomic sequences have been published. Two fragments of ⬍100 kb have been analyzed at the Rar1 locus on chr ...
Evolution by Imitation Gabriel Tarde and the Limits of Memetics
... Looking back on the quarter of a century that has passed since Richard Dawkins, in his book on The Selfish Gene, first envisioned the memetic approach to culture, it still seems unclear whether or not it should be called successful in its own terms. On the one hand, memetics has gained considerable ...
... Looking back on the quarter of a century that has passed since Richard Dawkins, in his book on The Selfish Gene, first envisioned the memetic approach to culture, it still seems unclear whether or not it should be called successful in its own terms. On the one hand, memetics has gained considerable ...
PPTX - Bioinformatics.ca
... • To test for under-enrichment of “black”, test for overenrichment of “red”. • The EASE score used by DAVID subtracts one from the observed overlap between gene list and gene set to ensure >1 from the list is in the gene set. • Need to choose “background population” appropriately, e.g., if only port ...
... • To test for under-enrichment of “black”, test for overenrichment of “red”. • The EASE score used by DAVID subtracts one from the observed overlap between gene list and gene set to ensure >1 from the list is in the gene set. • Need to choose “background population” appropriately, e.g., if only port ...
credits - CiteSeerX
... traits (e.g., tall and short), only one of these traits (tall, in this case) showed up in the next generation. He called the trait that showed up the dominant trait, and the one not seen, the recessive trait. The fact that this occurred with all seven characteristics he studied led him to formulate ...
... traits (e.g., tall and short), only one of these traits (tall, in this case) showed up in the next generation. He called the trait that showed up the dominant trait, and the one not seen, the recessive trait. The fact that this occurred with all seven characteristics he studied led him to formulate ...
Chapter 10: Natural Selection
... offspring than will survive. If a female elephant (colored pink) lives a full fertile lifetime, she will bear about six calves in about 90 years. On average, half of her calves will be female. ...
... offspring than will survive. If a female elephant (colored pink) lives a full fertile lifetime, she will bear about six calves in about 90 years. On average, half of her calves will be female. ...
Gene Functional Trade-Offs and the Evolution of Pleiotropy
... degree of pleiotropy, but this variation is often considered a by-product of their evolutionary history. We present a functional theory of how pleiotropy may itself evolve. We consider genes that contribute to two functions, where contributing more to one function detracts from allocation to the sec ...
... degree of pleiotropy, but this variation is often considered a by-product of their evolutionary history. We present a functional theory of how pleiotropy may itself evolve. We consider genes that contribute to two functions, where contributing more to one function detracts from allocation to the sec ...
Full-Text PDF
... absence of antibiotic-resistance genes being the only way to ensure that propagation in the environment or transfer of resistance to pathogenic strains will not happen. In order to address these issues, different and complementary approaches can be applied. The first would be to design more stable h ...
... absence of antibiotic-resistance genes being the only way to ensure that propagation in the environment or transfer of resistance to pathogenic strains will not happen. In order to address these issues, different and complementary approaches can be applied. The first would be to design more stable h ...
full text pdf
... Hugo de Vries4 and other authors (Morgan, Punnet) from the early twentieth century. This position denies that selection is able to explain the origin of a trait or, as De Vries claimed, “Natural selection may explain the survival of the fittest, but it cannot explain the arrival of the fittest”5. In ...
... Hugo de Vries4 and other authors (Morgan, Punnet) from the early twentieth century. This position denies that selection is able to explain the origin of a trait or, as De Vries claimed, “Natural selection may explain the survival of the fittest, but it cannot explain the arrival of the fittest”5. In ...
Quantitative Genetics and Evolution
... Each individual in a population has its own phenotypic value which can be measured. Phenotypic value can be decomposed into casual components (5, 6). First, the phenotypic value P is the sum of the effects of a genotype and environment. In the simplest case, when there is no covariance between genot ...
... Each individual in a population has its own phenotypic value which can be measured. Phenotypic value can be decomposed into casual components (5, 6). First, the phenotypic value P is the sum of the effects of a genotype and environment. In the simplest case, when there is no covariance between genot ...