The Homeopathy of Kin Selection
... of the family. A similar situation applies to ethnicity. Van den Bergheʼs idea is to regard ethnic groups as extended kin groups—ethnicity is extended kinship (1978b; 1986; 1987; 1995). The basic mechanism of ethnic solidarity is nepotism (see, e.g., 1986:250). The latter—van den Berghe also calls i ...
... of the family. A similar situation applies to ethnicity. Van den Bergheʼs idea is to regard ethnic groups as extended kin groups—ethnicity is extended kinship (1978b; 1986; 1987; 1995). The basic mechanism of ethnic solidarity is nepotism (see, e.g., 1986:250). The latter—van den Berghe also calls i ...
The Descent of Evolutionary Explanations: Darwinian Vestiges
... psychology and behavior, as well as to our biology. We can also grant that the assumption that there is a “lower level” description available for objects that have dubious identity criteria (e.g., the assumption that there is a physical-state description of “ideas” or “beliefs”) finances or underwri ...
... psychology and behavior, as well as to our biology. We can also grant that the assumption that there is a “lower level” description available for objects that have dubious identity criteria (e.g., the assumption that there is a physical-state description of “ideas” or “beliefs”) finances or underwri ...
TWO WRONGS (James MacAllister) On April 2011, University of
... complained, “Since she’s famous, she’s invited many places, and often uses these occasions to dump on modern evolutionary biology. In this respect she may be worse for science than creationists, since her scientific credibility remains high.”1 It appears lost on Coyne that he and Richard Dawkins are ...
... complained, “Since she’s famous, she’s invited many places, and often uses these occasions to dump on modern evolutionary biology. In this respect she may be worse for science than creationists, since her scientific credibility remains high.”1 It appears lost on Coyne that he and Richard Dawkins are ...
TWO WRONGS (James MacAllister) On April 2011, University of
... complained, “Since she’s famous, she’s invited many places, and often uses these occasions to dump on modern evolutionary biology. In this respect she may be worse for science than creationists, since her scientific credibility remains high.”1 It appears lost on Coyne that he and Richard Dawkins are ...
... complained, “Since she’s famous, she’s invited many places, and often uses these occasions to dump on modern evolutionary biology. In this respect she may be worse for science than creationists, since her scientific credibility remains high.”1 It appears lost on Coyne that he and Richard Dawkins are ...
Bean Bunny Evolution
... 2. From your previous knowledge about natural selection, evolution and genetics, answer the problem question on your student answer page in the space marked “Hypothesis.” State your hypothesis in an “If…then…” format. Include your predictions regarding how you think natural selection will affect the ...
... 2. From your previous knowledge about natural selection, evolution and genetics, answer the problem question on your student answer page in the space marked “Hypothesis.” State your hypothesis in an “If…then…” format. Include your predictions regarding how you think natural selection will affect the ...
Molecular Evolution of the Endosperm Starch Synthesis Pathway
... the roles of various forces of evolution, such as selection and drift, in shaping patterns of genetic variation (Clegg 1997). Numerous studies have been conducted to understand their relative roles in evolution (Wright and Gaut 2005; Ramos-Onsins et al. 2008). However, most of this work focuses on i ...
... the roles of various forces of evolution, such as selection and drift, in shaping patterns of genetic variation (Clegg 1997). Numerous studies have been conducted to understand their relative roles in evolution (Wright and Gaut 2005; Ramos-Onsins et al. 2008). However, most of this work focuses on i ...
PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION IN LABORATORY ENVIRONMENTS
... are unaware of any experimental evolution studies, the osmotic strength of the medium is an important factor for aquatic organisms (Evans 1993). Only a handful of studies have examined laboratory selection for osmotic resistance in animals. For example, one of us (A.G.G.) once received a set of salt ...
... are unaware of any experimental evolution studies, the osmotic strength of the medium is an important factor for aquatic organisms (Evans 1993). Only a handful of studies have examined laboratory selection for osmotic resistance in animals. For example, one of us (A.G.G.) once received a set of salt ...
Darwin`s Conjecture - Thedivineconspiracy.org
... than individuals alone. These early precedents show that the idea of generalizing Darwinism to other evolving systems, outside biology and including human society, was taken on board by a number of influential thinkers from the 1870s to the 1890s.9 While several writers believed that Darwinian princ ...
... than individuals alone. These early precedents show that the idea of generalizing Darwinism to other evolving systems, outside biology and including human society, was taken on board by a number of influential thinkers from the 1870s to the 1890s.9 While several writers believed that Darwinian princ ...
Using new tools to solve an old problem: the evolution of
... evolutionary physiologists. While palaeontologists have found abundant Permian and Triassic fossils, suggesting important clues regarding the timing of origin of endothermy, physiologists have proposed several plausible hypotheses of how the metabolic elevation leading to endothermy could have occur ...
... evolutionary physiologists. While palaeontologists have found abundant Permian and Triassic fossils, suggesting important clues regarding the timing of origin of endothermy, physiologists have proposed several plausible hypotheses of how the metabolic elevation leading to endothermy could have occur ...
Evolutionary Theory and the Ultimate–Proximate
... Rather, it is part of natural selection (Dawkins, 1979; Grafen, 2006; West et al., 2007). It should also be emphasized that methods such as multilevel (group) selection do not give different predictions—they are just alternate ways of analyzing the dynamics of natural selection, and they still lead ...
... Rather, it is part of natural selection (Dawkins, 1979; Grafen, 2006; West et al., 2007). It should also be emphasized that methods such as multilevel (group) selection do not give different predictions—they are just alternate ways of analyzing the dynamics of natural selection, and they still lead ...
Weighing the evidence for adaptation at the molecular level
... theory (see Glossary) holds that the vast majority of DNA sequence differences between species are neutral [1] or nearly neutral [2] with respect to fitness. However, models assuming that natural selection plays a dominant role in driving molecular evolution can also explain many features of DNA pol ...
... theory (see Glossary) holds that the vast majority of DNA sequence differences between species are neutral [1] or nearly neutral [2] with respect to fitness. However, models assuming that natural selection plays a dominant role in driving molecular evolution can also explain many features of DNA pol ...
Author`s personal copy
... available for haloarchaea, it is urgent to utilize their powerful genetics to support research on their biochemistry and functional genomics. Though the genome sequences of haloarchaea are increasingly available, the major model haloarchaea include only two species, Halobacterium salinarum and Hfx. ...
... available for haloarchaea, it is urgent to utilize their powerful genetics to support research on their biochemistry and functional genomics. Though the genome sequences of haloarchaea are increasingly available, the major model haloarchaea include only two species, Halobacterium salinarum and Hfx. ...
Akashi+3_Genetica_98
... Comparing the evolutionary behavior of preferred and unpreferred mutations requires both the identification of candidates for major codons and inference of the direction of mutations (ancestral and derived states) in DNA. Although tRNA abundances have not been quantified in Drosophila, candidates fo ...
... Comparing the evolutionary behavior of preferred and unpreferred mutations requires both the identification of candidates for major codons and inference of the direction of mutations (ancestral and derived states) in DNA. Although tRNA abundances have not been quantified in Drosophila, candidates fo ...
The naturalist view of Universal Darwinism - UvA-DARE
... we should specify the specific mechanisms of variation, selection and retention by which firms adapt to their environments. But what is the unit of selection? Is it the firms themselves, is it their products, or is it their routines? And what are the sources of variation and retention? Is there some ...
... we should specify the specific mechanisms of variation, selection and retention by which firms adapt to their environments. But what is the unit of selection? Is it the firms themselves, is it their products, or is it their routines? And what are the sources of variation and retention? Is there some ...
Ch 9 Powerpoint
... Observations and an Inference 4. Survival and reproduction are not random Fitness: Relative survival and reproduction of one variant Adaptation: Traits that increase individual fitness in an environment Individuals with adaptations for a particular environment are more likely to survive and ...
... Observations and an Inference 4. Survival and reproduction are not random Fitness: Relative survival and reproduction of one variant Adaptation: Traits that increase individual fitness in an environment Individuals with adaptations for a particular environment are more likely to survive and ...
Visual gene developer: a fully programmable bioinformatics
... California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA ...
... California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA ...
Genomics of local adaptation with gene flow
... Gene flow is a fundamental evolutionary force in adaptation that is especially important to understand as humans are rapidly changing both the natural environment and natural levels of gene flow. Theory proposes a multifaceted role for gene flow in adaptation, but it focuses mainly on the disruptive ...
... Gene flow is a fundamental evolutionary force in adaptation that is especially important to understand as humans are rapidly changing both the natural environment and natural levels of gene flow. Theory proposes a multifaceted role for gene flow in adaptation, but it focuses mainly on the disruptive ...
Generalizing Darwinism to Social Evolution
... elsewhere, Ritchie warned that although Darwinian principles applied to social evolution, they must always be used carefully, with meticulous acknowledgement of the differences in the mechanisms involved. In a later article (1896) Ritchie developed these ideas in more depth. Although he regarded bio ...
... elsewhere, Ritchie warned that although Darwinian principles applied to social evolution, they must always be used carefully, with meticulous acknowledgement of the differences in the mechanisms involved. In a later article (1896) Ritchie developed these ideas in more depth. Although he regarded bio ...
The Philosophy of Molecular and Developmental Biology
... metaphor of developmental canalization (Figure 1.). Most small perturbations to the course of development are compensated so that the organism arrives at the same destination. Some, however, send development down an entirely new ‘channel’. ...
... metaphor of developmental canalization (Figure 1.). Most small perturbations to the course of development are compensated so that the organism arrives at the same destination. Some, however, send development down an entirely new ‘channel’. ...
Gene functional trade-offs and the evolution of pleiotropy
... we say that fitness is robust when changes in functionality have relatively minor effects on trait fitness (concave mappings in Fig. 1B; red curves) and is sensitive when changes in functionality have relatively major effects on trait fitness (convex mappings; blue curves). For example, the fitness ...
... we say that fitness is robust when changes in functionality have relatively minor effects on trait fitness (concave mappings in Fig. 1B; red curves) and is sensitive when changes in functionality have relatively major effects on trait fitness (convex mappings; blue curves). For example, the fitness ...
“Adaptation”1
... unhurt; he later marries and has ten children. One may now ask whether one twin is better adapted (or fitter) than the other. In conformity with Darwin’s usage, which, I maintain, is standard in this regard, the twins have the same degree of adaptedness because the difference between them is a matte ...
... unhurt; he later marries and has ten children. One may now ask whether one twin is better adapted (or fitter) than the other. In conformity with Darwin’s usage, which, I maintain, is standard in this regard, the twins have the same degree of adaptedness because the difference between them is a matte ...
important update on the status of curly calf syndrome
... Today, we want to introduce you to the scientist with whom we are fortunate enough to be working at this time. We next want to provide a primer on the basic science of genetics and how recessive genes are inherited. This will likely be a refresher course for you, but it bears repeating in situations ...
... Today, we want to introduce you to the scientist with whom we are fortunate enough to be working at this time. We next want to provide a primer on the basic science of genetics and how recessive genes are inherited. This will likely be a refresher course for you, but it bears repeating in situations ...
The structure and development of evolutionary theory from a
... order to infer the universal statement that opposite sides of magnets attract each other, we would have to observe all the magnets throughout the universe that have ever existed or ever will exist). On the other hand, inferring the universal from a limited sample could lead to errors, because we can ...
... order to infer the universal statement that opposite sides of magnets attract each other, we would have to observe all the magnets throughout the universe that have ever existed or ever will exist). On the other hand, inferring the universal from a limited sample could lead to errors, because we can ...
Evolution and evolvability: celebrating Darwin 200
... fitness-related traits might be deceptive, since these traits have high environmental standard deviations relative to their means. He suggested that the additive genetic coefficient of variation in a trait is a better predictor than is the heritability of a population’s ability to respond to selecti ...
... fitness-related traits might be deceptive, since these traits have high environmental standard deviations relative to their means. He suggested that the additive genetic coefficient of variation in a trait is a better predictor than is the heritability of a population’s ability to respond to selecti ...
DETECTING ECOLOGICAL TRADE-OFFS USING SELECTION EXPERIMENTS
... contribute to the next generation. There is a considerable body of literature on the design and interpretation of such experiments (Hill 1971, 1972a, b, Hill and Caballero 1992, Falconer and Mackay 1996, Roff 1997). The type of selection experiment most useful for ecologists, however, is a ‘‘quasina ...
... contribute to the next generation. There is a considerable body of literature on the design and interpretation of such experiments (Hill 1971, 1972a, b, Hill and Caballero 1992, Falconer and Mackay 1996, Roff 1997). The type of selection experiment most useful for ecologists, however, is a ‘‘quasina ...