Evolutionary consequences of polyploidy in prokaryotes and the
... by periodically producing monoploid cells and thus exposing recessive alleles to selection [35]. Second, evolution of accurate and precise segregation of sister chromosomes during cell division (mitosis) would remove all segregation load in asexual polyploids, making it possible for a cell with many ...
... by periodically producing monoploid cells and thus exposing recessive alleles to selection [35]. Second, evolution of accurate and precise segregation of sister chromosomes during cell division (mitosis) would remove all segregation load in asexual polyploids, making it possible for a cell with many ...
Phase Change and the Regulation of Shoot
... starts when the shoot meristcm begins to initiate a stem, true leaves, and axillary buds. This phase may last for a few days or many years in different species and is distinguished by a variety of unique vegetative traits and by the absence of reproductive structures. The adult phase that follows is ...
... starts when the shoot meristcm begins to initiate a stem, true leaves, and axillary buds. This phase may last for a few days or many years in different species and is distinguished by a variety of unique vegetative traits and by the absence of reproductive structures. The adult phase that follows is ...
Predicting Microevolutionary Responses to Directional Selection on
... traits. To the degree that the trait varies in a heritable manner, the effects of selection will be passed on to the next generation as an evolutionary response. Thus, in our language, ...
... traits. To the degree that the trait varies in a heritable manner, the effects of selection will be passed on to the next generation as an evolutionary response. Thus, in our language, ...
Insights into three whole-genome duplications gleaned
... became apparent that there were two rounds of WGD in the P. aurelia species after they diverged from P. caudatum, as there were up to four co-orthologs in each P. aurelia species for each P. caudatum protein. We counted a BLAST match as a RBH if a P. caudatum protein was the best hit for an aurelia ...
... became apparent that there were two rounds of WGD in the P. aurelia species after they diverged from P. caudatum, as there were up to four co-orthologs in each P. aurelia species for each P. caudatum protein. We counted a BLAST match as a RBH if a P. caudatum protein was the best hit for an aurelia ...
PDF
... Fig. 1. Modified DamID approach to identify DSXbinding regions. (A)Schematic drawing of the flip-on Dam-fusion constructs. The proteins are expressed from the basal level of the UAS sequence after the FRTstop-FRT cassette is removed by expression of FLPase. (B)Example of an Illumina sequencing lib ...
... Fig. 1. Modified DamID approach to identify DSXbinding regions. (A)Schematic drawing of the flip-on Dam-fusion constructs. The proteins are expressed from the basal level of the UAS sequence after the FRTstop-FRT cassette is removed by expression of FLPase. (B)Example of an Illumina sequencing lib ...
Slide 1
... Problem • in the previous slide the evolutionarily stable strategy that we found is the one that maximised personal reproduction • but is it ever possible that animals do not strictly maximise their personal reproduction? • William Hamilton: yes, if interactions occur between relatives. In that cas ...
... Problem • in the previous slide the evolutionarily stable strategy that we found is the one that maximised personal reproduction • but is it ever possible that animals do not strictly maximise their personal reproduction? • William Hamilton: yes, if interactions occur between relatives. In that cas ...
Gregor Mendel and Introduction to Genetics
... A number of hypotheses were suggested to explain heredity, but Gregor Mendel, a little known Central European monk, was the only one who got it more or less right. His ideas had been published in 1866 but largely went unrecognized until 1900, which was long after his death. His early adult life was ...
... A number of hypotheses were suggested to explain heredity, but Gregor Mendel, a little known Central European monk, was the only one who got it more or less right. His ideas had been published in 1866 but largely went unrecognized until 1900, which was long after his death. His early adult life was ...
Genetic Testing for Marfan Syndrome, Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
... Genetic predisposition to TAA is due to a genetic defect that leads to abnormalities in connective tissue metabolism. Genetically related TAA accounts for approximately 5% of TAA.1 Some of the genetic syndromes associated with TAA have more aggressive rates of aortic expansion and are more likely to ...
... Genetic predisposition to TAA is due to a genetic defect that leads to abnormalities in connective tissue metabolism. Genetically related TAA accounts for approximately 5% of TAA.1 Some of the genetic syndromes associated with TAA have more aggressive rates of aortic expansion and are more likely to ...
Review #3 - California Lutheran University
... What is the structure of tRNA? What is its tertiary structure? What are aminoacyl tRNA synthetases? What are the two classes of synthetases and how do they differ? If there are 61 codons and 32 or more tRNAs, why are there only 20 synthetases? What parts of the tRNA do the synthetases recognize? Why ...
... What is the structure of tRNA? What is its tertiary structure? What are aminoacyl tRNA synthetases? What are the two classes of synthetases and how do they differ? If there are 61 codons and 32 or more tRNAs, why are there only 20 synthetases? What parts of the tRNA do the synthetases recognize? Why ...
Population Genetics 2: Linkage disequilibrium Consider two loci and
... When r = 0.5 the loci are said to be un-linked; such loci are very far apart on the same chromosome, or in different chromosomes. When r < 0.5 the genes are said to be linked. When r =0 the loci are in permanent disequilibrium. ...
... When r = 0.5 the loci are said to be un-linked; such loci are very far apart on the same chromosome, or in different chromosomes. When r < 0.5 the genes are said to be linked. When r =0 the loci are in permanent disequilibrium. ...
Evaluation of current methods performing in Preimplantation Genetic
... fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis." by Gutierrez-Mateo, C., J. Benet, et al., Hum. Reprod. 19(12): 2859-2868. Like SKY and other methods, FISH depends on the spreading of chromosome material on slides, which brings about problems as overlapping chromosomes, excessive spreading and artefact ...
... fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis." by Gutierrez-Mateo, C., J. Benet, et al., Hum. Reprod. 19(12): 2859-2868. Like SKY and other methods, FISH depends on the spreading of chromosome material on slides, which brings about problems as overlapping chromosomes, excessive spreading and artefact ...
Classification and cladistics Ch 26
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Anhydrobiosis without trehalose in bdelloid rotifers
... analogue in bdelloid rotifers, which nonetheless exhibit excellent desiccation tolerance, means that these hypotheses, if valid, cannot o¡er a universal explanation of anhydrobiosis. This point is reinforced by a similar lack of non-reducing disaccharides in other desiccation-tolerant organisms, suc ...
... analogue in bdelloid rotifers, which nonetheless exhibit excellent desiccation tolerance, means that these hypotheses, if valid, cannot o¡er a universal explanation of anhydrobiosis. This point is reinforced by a similar lack of non-reducing disaccharides in other desiccation-tolerant organisms, suc ...
Inheritance of Aldehyde Oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster
... areas of genetic research. The study of genetics focuses on an understanding of the principles which govern the inheritance of specific traits. Initial experiments were concerned with the transmission of hereditary factors from generation to generation and led to the discovery of specific laws which ...
... areas of genetic research. The study of genetics focuses on an understanding of the principles which govern the inheritance of specific traits. Initial experiments were concerned with the transmission of hereditary factors from generation to generation and led to the discovery of specific laws which ...
Mutation and selection within the individual
... of the diploid progenitor cells can, however, be subsequently acted upon by gamete selection even in metazoans (Hastings, 1989). The focus of the current paper is germline selection, which we shall explore using two quite different models of development that we shall call exponential and turnover. I ...
... of the diploid progenitor cells can, however, be subsequently acted upon by gamete selection even in metazoans (Hastings, 1989). The focus of the current paper is germline selection, which we shall explore using two quite different models of development that we shall call exponential and turnover. I ...
handout
... A measure of how inbred an individual is. More specifically, it is the probability that two alleles at a locus in an individual are identical by descent (or, equivalently, the proportion of an individual’s genome that is identical by descent). ...
... A measure of how inbred an individual is. More specifically, it is the probability that two alleles at a locus in an individual are identical by descent (or, equivalently, the proportion of an individual’s genome that is identical by descent). ...
Lesson 1: Introduction to Evolutionary Algorithms
... Evolutionary Equation • The term evolutionary computation refers to the study of the foundations and applications of certain heuristics based on the principles of natural evolution. • In spite of the fact that these techniques can be classified into four main ...
... Evolutionary Equation • The term evolutionary computation refers to the study of the foundations and applications of certain heuristics based on the principles of natural evolution. • In spite of the fact that these techniques can be classified into four main ...
Genetic quality and sexual selection: an integrated framework for
... Why are females so choosy when it comes to mating? This question has puzzled and marveled evolutionary and behavioral ecologists for decades. In mating systems in which males provide direct benefits to the female or her offspring, such as food or shelter, the answer seems straightforward — females s ...
... Why are females so choosy when it comes to mating? This question has puzzled and marveled evolutionary and behavioral ecologists for decades. In mating systems in which males provide direct benefits to the female or her offspring, such as food or shelter, the answer seems straightforward — females s ...
THE PHYLOGENETIC DISTRIBUTION OF A FEMALE PREFERENCE
... a female bias arose. At any time after the and Enquist, 1993; Enquist and Arak, appearance of a bias, an "adaptive field" 1993); simulations of a neural network for a male trait exists; that is, mate choice model demonstrate that in some cases a rewill favor the male trait if it arises. Muta- sponse ...
... a female bias arose. At any time after the and Enquist, 1993; Enquist and Arak, appearance of a bias, an "adaptive field" 1993); simulations of a neural network for a male trait exists; that is, mate choice model demonstrate that in some cases a rewill favor the male trait if it arises. Muta- sponse ...
Mutational analysis of NPHS2 and WT1 genes in Saudi children with
... to contribute nearly to 20% and 5% of all cases of SRNS, respectively [3,9,16]. On the other hand, NPHS2 and WT1 gene mutations are absent from children with SSNS, even though, all SSNS patients are not clinically same group as some may be FRNS or SDNS [17]. Until now, the influence of NPHS2 and WT1 ...
... to contribute nearly to 20% and 5% of all cases of SRNS, respectively [3,9,16]. On the other hand, NPHS2 and WT1 gene mutations are absent from children with SSNS, even though, all SSNS patients are not clinically same group as some may be FRNS or SDNS [17]. Until now, the influence of NPHS2 and WT1 ...
Sample design effects in landscape genetics
... relatedness among individuals as a function of cost distance in the Cushman et al. (2006) data set. This maximum cost distance value constrains all mate choices and dispersal distances to be less than or equal to 39,200 cost-units apart with probability of mating or dispersal distance within that li ...
... relatedness among individuals as a function of cost distance in the Cushman et al. (2006) data set. This maximum cost distance value constrains all mate choices and dispersal distances to be less than or equal to 39,200 cost-units apart with probability of mating or dispersal distance within that li ...
Chapter 2 Snakes of Papua New Guinea
... October) although some may mate all year round in favourable conditions. The males of some species such as Papuan taipans (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni) engage in ritual fighting prior to mating. This typically involves two or more combatants entwining around each other like corkscrews and attempting ...
... October) although some may mate all year round in favourable conditions. The males of some species such as Papuan taipans (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni) engage in ritual fighting prior to mating. This typically involves two or more combatants entwining around each other like corkscrews and attempting ...
Axia College Material - Experts4Students.com
... Can you roll your tongue? Some humans can stick their tongue in a rolled configuration: others cannot. Evidence exists that this characteristic is determined by genetics, or your genotype. The ability to roll your tongue, or not, is a trait inherited by offspring from their parents. Tongue rolling i ...
... Can you roll your tongue? Some humans can stick their tongue in a rolled configuration: others cannot. Evidence exists that this characteristic is determined by genetics, or your genotype. The ability to roll your tongue, or not, is a trait inherited by offspring from their parents. Tongue rolling i ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.