variations in variation and selection: the ubiquity
... We will illustrate the involvement of variation and selection processes and perspectives in phenomena at several levels and explanations of several forms. Variation and selection is particularly apt, and apt to be necessary, whenever a process that is otherwise unconstrained in fact satisfies some c ...
... We will illustrate the involvement of variation and selection processes and perspectives in phenomena at several levels and explanations of several forms. Variation and selection is particularly apt, and apt to be necessary, whenever a process that is otherwise unconstrained in fact satisfies some c ...
Using the Charge Field to Inflate Evolution Theory
... a wave of the hand, of course). The first time I read of the process of building DNA, I saw that the role of enzymes was being passed over. Here were tiny structures, made only of proteins, which were acting like little angels in the architecture or ghosts in the machine. Even according to mainstrea ...
... a wave of the hand, of course). The first time I read of the process of building DNA, I saw that the role of enzymes was being passed over. Here were tiny structures, made only of proteins, which were acting like little angels in the architecture or ghosts in the machine. Even according to mainstrea ...
Introduction - HobbsAPBiology
... 7. For example, when Mendel crossed two true-breeding varieties, one of which produced round seeds, the other of which produced wrinkled seeds, all the F 1 offspring had round seeds, but among the F2 plants, 75% of the seeds were round and 25% were wrinkled. 8. Mendel developed a hypothesis to expla ...
... 7. For example, when Mendel crossed two true-breeding varieties, one of which produced round seeds, the other of which produced wrinkled seeds, all the F 1 offspring had round seeds, but among the F2 plants, 75% of the seeds were round and 25% were wrinkled. 8. Mendel developed a hypothesis to expla ...
BIOLOGY
... In 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modification, but did not introduce his theory publicly Natural selection is a process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce In June 1858, Darwin rec ...
... In 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modification, but did not introduce his theory publicly Natural selection is a process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce In June 1858, Darwin rec ...
Publication Appendices
... No natural selection occurs No mutations occur No genetic drift occurs (the population is infinitely large) No mate selection (all mating is totally random) No gene flow (no gametes or organisms enter or leave the population) However in real populations at least one, often more, of these c ...
... No natural selection occurs No mutations occur No genetic drift occurs (the population is infinitely large) No mate selection (all mating is totally random) No gene flow (no gametes or organisms enter or leave the population) However in real populations at least one, often more, of these c ...
2013 - Allied Academies
... polymorphisms in a species, provide material for natural selection and even lead to speciation [8-10]. John [11] has made the point that the types of chromosome Biomed Res- India 2013 Volume 24 Issue 1 ...
... polymorphisms in a species, provide material for natural selection and even lead to speciation [8-10]. John [11] has made the point that the types of chromosome Biomed Res- India 2013 Volume 24 Issue 1 ...
packet
... is green. True-breeding, purple-stemmed tomatoes crossed with green-stemmed plants gave all purple stemmed F1 plants. When these plants were back crossed to green-stemmed plants, the offspring were: 482 purple stemmed, 526 green stemmed. Diagram the crosses, showing all genotypes, phenotypes, ...
... is green. True-breeding, purple-stemmed tomatoes crossed with green-stemmed plants gave all purple stemmed F1 plants. When these plants were back crossed to green-stemmed plants, the offspring were: 482 purple stemmed, 526 green stemmed. Diagram the crosses, showing all genotypes, phenotypes, ...
Inclusive fitness and the sociobiology of the genome
... Hamilton’s rule provides conditions for the evolutionary success of a gene. These conditions ensure that the gene is selfish in the sense described by Dawkins (1976). In particular, Hamilton’s rule implies that the conditions for the evolutionary success of a gene are distinct from the conditions un ...
... Hamilton’s rule provides conditions for the evolutionary success of a gene. These conditions ensure that the gene is selfish in the sense described by Dawkins (1976). In particular, Hamilton’s rule implies that the conditions for the evolutionary success of a gene are distinct from the conditions un ...
BIOLOGY
... Natural selection acts on individuals, but only populations evolve Consider, for example, a population of medium ground finches on Daphne Major Island During a drought, large-beaked birds were more likely to crack large seeds and survive ...
... Natural selection acts on individuals, but only populations evolve Consider, for example, a population of medium ground finches on Daphne Major Island During a drought, large-beaked birds were more likely to crack large seeds and survive ...
Motoo Kimura
... of research at Iowa State, with its emphasis on subdivision of epistatic variance. Finding little interest there in stochastic models, he wrote asking to work with me at the University of Wisconsin.I gladly accepted and he came to Wisconsin early in the summerof 1954. Before the summer was over, he ...
... of research at Iowa State, with its emphasis on subdivision of epistatic variance. Finding little interest there in stochastic models, he wrote asking to work with me at the University of Wisconsin.I gladly accepted and he came to Wisconsin early in the summerof 1954. Before the summer was over, he ...
CHAPTER 15 THE CHROMOSOMAL BASIS OF INHERITANCE
... • A 50% frequency of recombination usually indicates that the two genes are on different chromosomes, because it is the expected result if the two genes assort randomly. • The genes for seed shape and seed color assort independently of one another because they are located on different chromosomes wh ...
... • A 50% frequency of recombination usually indicates that the two genes are on different chromosomes, because it is the expected result if the two genes assort randomly. • The genes for seed shape and seed color assort independently of one another because they are located on different chromosomes wh ...
Putting Process and Product Conceptions of Natural Selection and
... and drift is logically independent of whether or not one takes them to be causal. These are therefore two entirely separate, orthogonal questions in the interpretation of evolutionary theory. It is worthwhile to defend this claim in some detail, as the relatively strong alignment of causal/statistic ...
... and drift is logically independent of whether or not one takes them to be causal. These are therefore two entirely separate, orthogonal questions in the interpretation of evolutionary theory. It is worthwhile to defend this claim in some detail, as the relatively strong alignment of causal/statistic ...
Thorstein Veblen`s Economics and Darwinian Evolutionary Social
... Rutherford, this was because institutionalist economics of this period essentially involved “the study of particular problems within a given institutional context” rather than the dynamic analysis of society and its economy using evolutionary methods and principles (Rutherford 1998: 476). Hodgson (1 ...
... Rutherford, this was because institutionalist economics of this period essentially involved “the study of particular problems within a given institutional context” rather than the dynamic analysis of society and its economy using evolutionary methods and principles (Rutherford 1998: 476). Hodgson (1 ...
Rate variation during molecular evolution: creationism and the
... incorporate complications resulting from substitution rate variability. That step was taken by Margoliash and Walter Fitch who used cytochrome c data for a 1967 publication that Francisco Ayala would later refer to as “the founding document of molecular phylogenetics”.6 Variations in the cytochrome ...
... incorporate complications resulting from substitution rate variability. That step was taken by Margoliash and Walter Fitch who used cytochrome c data for a 1967 publication that Francisco Ayala would later refer to as “the founding document of molecular phylogenetics”.6 Variations in the cytochrome ...
PDF Full-text
... of the TyrRS by a long α-helix (Figure 3A). The B2 domain belongs to the RNA-binding OB folds, but it is missing in many CPR-bacterial PheRSβ (for example, OGE14653.1). We also found that a few Microgenomates lysyl-tRNA synthetases (KKR67068.1 & KKQ91124.1) have an additional C-terminal domain that ...
... of the TyrRS by a long α-helix (Figure 3A). The B2 domain belongs to the RNA-binding OB folds, but it is missing in many CPR-bacterial PheRSβ (for example, OGE14653.1). We also found that a few Microgenomates lysyl-tRNA synthetases (KKR67068.1 & KKQ91124.1) have an additional C-terminal domain that ...
Highly Recurrent RET Mutations and Novel Mutations in
... live births), and the lowest is in Hispanics (1 per 10 000 live births) (1 ). The M:F ratio is ⬃4:1 for SSA-HSCR patients and ⬃1:1 for LSA-HSCR patients (1 ). Approximately 20% of HSCR cases are familial. The recurrence risk for siblings of SSA-HSCR probands varies from 1.5% to 3.3%, whereas the ris ...
... live births), and the lowest is in Hispanics (1 per 10 000 live births) (1 ). The M:F ratio is ⬃4:1 for SSA-HSCR patients and ⬃1:1 for LSA-HSCR patients (1 ). Approximately 20% of HSCR cases are familial. The recurrence risk for siblings of SSA-HSCR probands varies from 1.5% to 3.3%, whereas the ris ...
Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard Biology Level 3
... since begun genetically manipulating corn for desirable traits such as increasing production, decreasing wastage because of pests and making the corn more appealing to consumers. Genetically modifying corn plants, however, has had wider biological implications. Selective breeding of corn was origina ...
... since begun genetically manipulating corn for desirable traits such as increasing production, decreasing wastage because of pests and making the corn more appealing to consumers. Genetically modifying corn plants, however, has had wider biological implications. Selective breeding of corn was origina ...
Selection against migrants contributes to the
... exchange few genes with their sympatric ancestors (Feder et al., 1988, 1994; Via, 1999; Via et al., 2000). Third, introduced sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that began adapting to different breeding environments (lake beach vs river) 12–14 generations ago now show limited gene flow despite high ...
... exchange few genes with their sympatric ancestors (Feder et al., 1988, 1994; Via, 1999; Via et al., 2000). Third, introduced sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that began adapting to different breeding environments (lake beach vs river) 12–14 generations ago now show limited gene flow despite high ...
BIOLOGY
... Fossils are remains or traces of organisms from the past, usually found in sedimentary rock, which appears in layers called strata ...
... Fossils are remains or traces of organisms from the past, usually found in sedimentary rock, which appears in layers called strata ...
WRM – 509 - The Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta
... For much of human history people were unaware of the scientific details of how babies were conceived and how heredity worked. Clearly they were conceived, and clearly there was some hereditary connection between parents and children, but the mechanisms were not readily apparent. The Greek philosophe ...
... For much of human history people were unaware of the scientific details of how babies were conceived and how heredity worked. Clearly they were conceived, and clearly there was some hereditary connection between parents and children, but the mechanisms were not readily apparent. The Greek philosophe ...
signatures of natural selection in the human
... Otherwise, the differences in fitness between individuals could not be transmitted from one generation to the next. In humans, it has been estimated that ~4 new amino-acid-altering mutations arise per diploid genome per generation7; these mutations can be broadly categorized as advantageous (that is ...
... Otherwise, the differences in fitness between individuals could not be transmitted from one generation to the next. In humans, it has been estimated that ~4 new amino-acid-altering mutations arise per diploid genome per generation7; these mutations can be broadly categorized as advantageous (that is ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.