Assessing homology at different levels of the biological hierarchy
... Much of the discussion about homology in the past has been mired in semantics. I hope that, along with David Wake (1994) we can agree that homology is "the central concept for all of Biology" and move on. Despite the importance of homology as the "hierarchical basis of comparative biology" (the sub ...
... Much of the discussion about homology in the past has been mired in semantics. I hope that, along with David Wake (1994) we can agree that homology is "the central concept for all of Biology" and move on. Despite the importance of homology as the "hierarchical basis of comparative biology" (the sub ...
Taxonomic evaluation of the Streptomyces griseus clade using
... promising source of commercially significant compounds, but also because of taxonomic difficulties within the genus caused by the large number of isolates and insufficient species definition. The classification of streptomycetes is strongly influenced by polyphasic taxonomy, taking into ...
... promising source of commercially significant compounds, but also because of taxonomic difficulties within the genus caused by the large number of isolates and insufficient species definition. The classification of streptomycetes is strongly influenced by polyphasic taxonomy, taking into ...
Chromosomal aberrations in oats, Avena sativa L
... In &e cultivated cereals the nullisomic metSiod has been used with similar success. Thus, the sphaerococcum gene was analysed by Sears (41), the three genes concerned with awns by O'Mara (32), a locus concerned with resistance to stem rust by Sears and Rodenhiser (43), and several other genes by Unr ...
... In &e cultivated cereals the nullisomic metSiod has been used with similar success. Thus, the sphaerococcum gene was analysed by Sears (41), the three genes concerned with awns by O'Mara (32), a locus concerned with resistance to stem rust by Sears and Rodenhiser (43), and several other genes by Unr ...
as a PDF
... mental retardation and seizures. The onset of disease in individuals with PAH is thought to require a combination of two or more genetic or environmental factors, as in cancer [19]. To speculate, the interplay between a congenital syndrome, a CHD and a BMPR2 mutation could provide the required two o ...
... mental retardation and seizures. The onset of disease in individuals with PAH is thought to require a combination of two or more genetic or environmental factors, as in cancer [19]. To speculate, the interplay between a congenital syndrome, a CHD and a BMPR2 mutation could provide the required two o ...
pdf - Gopher Tortoise Council
... beetle, gopher cricket, and the gopher moth, are obligates, which means they are rarely found anywhere but in the burrows that the tortoise digs. Many invertebrates, such as worms, scorpions, spiders, ticks, and flies also inhabit the burrow. Ants and beetles are probably the most common. As many as ...
... beetle, gopher cricket, and the gopher moth, are obligates, which means they are rarely found anywhere but in the burrows that the tortoise digs. Many invertebrates, such as worms, scorpions, spiders, ticks, and flies also inhabit the burrow. Ants and beetles are probably the most common. As many as ...
Link - Conferences and Noncredit Programs
... developing frog species in the family Leptodactylidae. Their native range extends from northeastern Mexico to extreme southern Texas; however, it has been rapidly expanding into other parts of Texas presumably by way of accidental human transport, primarily the potted plant trade. Very little inform ...
... developing frog species in the family Leptodactylidae. Their native range extends from northeastern Mexico to extreme southern Texas; however, it has been rapidly expanding into other parts of Texas presumably by way of accidental human transport, primarily the potted plant trade. Very little inform ...
Exploring Host
... information far exceed the genetic information encoded by humans or other host animals. The human body thus belongs to its own diverse ecosystem, making it a superorganism. Because such communities formed long ago, microbes play important roles not only during the lives of individual hosts, but also ...
... information far exceed the genetic information encoded by humans or other host animals. The human body thus belongs to its own diverse ecosystem, making it a superorganism. Because such communities formed long ago, microbes play important roles not only during the lives of individual hosts, but also ...
Life Science - SC3206 IC Scope and Sequence
... Construct a Punnett square given the genotypes of the parents. Determine the possible genotypes of the offspring using a Punnett square. Relate the genotypes of the offspring to their phenotypes. Advances in Genetics Compare the processes of selective breeding, cloning, and genetic engineering. Desc ...
... Construct a Punnett square given the genotypes of the parents. Determine the possible genotypes of the offspring using a Punnett square. Relate the genotypes of the offspring to their phenotypes. Advances in Genetics Compare the processes of selective breeding, cloning, and genetic engineering. Desc ...
A Novel Compact Genetic Algorithm using Offspring Survival
... vector as a probability distribution. Fig. 1 describes a pseudo-code of the original cGA, where l is the number of bits of a chromosome [2]. First of all, every bits of the probability vector, p[i], are initialized by 0.5. Two chromosomes are generated by probability vector p. The p[i] denotes the p ...
... vector as a probability distribution. Fig. 1 describes a pseudo-code of the original cGA, where l is the number of bits of a chromosome [2]. First of all, every bits of the probability vector, p[i], are initialized by 0.5. Two chromosomes are generated by probability vector p. The p[i] denotes the p ...
Molecular Analysis of the Coprinus cinereus Mating Type A Factor
... FIGURE2.-Diagram of restriction endonuclease sites mapped onto the clone c203-E12. BglII (Bg), Hind111 (H) and PstI (P) sites have been located for the entireC. cinereus genomic insert which is ca. 35 kbp in length. Additional BamHI (B), EcoRl (E) and XhoI (X)sites have been mapped in the region of ...
... FIGURE2.-Diagram of restriction endonuclease sites mapped onto the clone c203-E12. BglII (Bg), Hind111 (H) and PstI (P) sites have been located for the entireC. cinereus genomic insert which is ca. 35 kbp in length. Additional BamHI (B), EcoRl (E) and XhoI (X)sites have been mapped in the region of ...
The Evolutionary Reduction Principle for Linear Variation in Genetic
... includes gene conversion, methylation, deletions, duplications, insertions, transpositions, and other chromosomal alterations. These two processes, augmented by a third — the randomness of sampling in finite populations — provide the basis for our causal explanations of the characteristics of organ ...
... includes gene conversion, methylation, deletions, duplications, insertions, transpositions, and other chromosomal alterations. These two processes, augmented by a third — the randomness of sampling in finite populations — provide the basis for our causal explanations of the characteristics of organ ...
Highly Variable Mutation Rates in Commensal and Pathogenic
... The substantive issue raised by Matic et al. concerns the question of whether a causal link exists between increased genetic variability and pathogenesis. It would be faulty reasoning to posit that genetic variation benefits the pathogen and not natural strains in the environment at large. A priori, ...
... The substantive issue raised by Matic et al. concerns the question of whether a causal link exists between increased genetic variability and pathogenesis. It would be faulty reasoning to posit that genetic variation benefits the pathogen and not natural strains in the environment at large. A priori, ...
Establishment of new mutations under divergence and genome
... genome scans, although a good starting point, therefore have certain limitations for discerning the proportion of the genome affected by selection. In contrast, direct experimental measurements of selection on the genome might be able to detect both weak and strong selection, and, thus, in concert w ...
... genome scans, although a good starting point, therefore have certain limitations for discerning the proportion of the genome affected by selection. In contrast, direct experimental measurements of selection on the genome might be able to detect both weak and strong selection, and, thus, in concert w ...
Cooperative Effects of Bacterial Mutations Affecting A N Gene
... restrict the growth of phage which express the N function of A, they do not show any increased inhibitory effect on the growth of himmP22 and Aimm21, phages which express N functions different from that of A. However, Supernus hosts do restrict the growth of a A variant that can grow well in bacteri ...
... restrict the growth of phage which express the N function of A, they do not show any increased inhibitory effect on the growth of himmP22 and Aimm21, phages which express N functions different from that of A. However, Supernus hosts do restrict the growth of a A variant that can grow well in bacteri ...
Adaptive speciation when assortative mating is
... addyn.htm). Thus, in theory the first phase of adaptive speciation, in which lineage splitting becomes an adaptive response to frequency-dependent biological interactions, is a common evolutionary occurrence. In asexual lineages, the emergence of diverging lineages is an immediate consequence of con ...
... addyn.htm). Thus, in theory the first phase of adaptive speciation, in which lineage splitting becomes an adaptive response to frequency-dependent biological interactions, is a common evolutionary occurrence. In asexual lineages, the emergence of diverging lineages is an immediate consequence of con ...
uncorrected page proofs
... disease could affect all members of an asexually reproducing population. If one member of the population is susceptible to the disease, all will be susceptible. In summary, asexual reproduction appears to be advantageous when rapid population growth is important or in unchanging stable environments. ...
... disease could affect all members of an asexually reproducing population. If one member of the population is susceptible to the disease, all will be susceptible. In summary, asexual reproduction appears to be advantageous when rapid population growth is important or in unchanging stable environments. ...
Genetic mapping of mutations using phenotypic pools and
... based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phenotypic markers have been used in plant genetics to map mutations. However, because of the drawbacks of phenotypic markers it would be desirable to develop new mapping methods that rely exclusively on molecular markers. ...
... based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phenotypic markers have been used in plant genetics to map mutations. However, because of the drawbacks of phenotypic markers it would be desirable to develop new mapping methods that rely exclusively on molecular markers. ...
Genetic screening of gamete donors: ethical issues
... are not a protected population, all sperm and oocyte donors are to be karyotyped. Referring to the same study, this is also the position in the British guidelines. In contrast, the ASRM guidelines state that ‘In the general population, the chance of having a chromosomal rearrangement that could be t ...
... are not a protected population, all sperm and oocyte donors are to be karyotyped. Referring to the same study, this is also the position in the British guidelines. In contrast, the ASRM guidelines state that ‘In the general population, the chance of having a chromosomal rearrangement that could be t ...
Developing Conclusions About Different Modes of Inheritance
... X-linked inheritance and by showing that genes located on the same chromosome do not show independent assortment. Studies of X-linked traits helped confirm that genes are found on chromosomes, while studies of linked traits led to the first maps showing the locations of genetic loci on chromosomes" ...
... X-linked inheritance and by showing that genes located on the same chromosome do not show independent assortment. Studies of X-linked traits helped confirm that genes are found on chromosomes, while studies of linked traits led to the first maps showing the locations of genetic loci on chromosomes" ...
Inbreeding uncovers fundamental differences in the
... Inbreeding depression is most pronounced for traits closely associated with fitness. The traditional explanation is that natural selection eliminates deleterious mutations with additive or dominant effects more effectively than recessive mutations, leading to directional dominance for traits subject ...
... Inbreeding depression is most pronounced for traits closely associated with fitness. The traditional explanation is that natural selection eliminates deleterious mutations with additive or dominant effects more effectively than recessive mutations, leading to directional dominance for traits subject ...
Peter Kunzmann Metaphors in the Language of Darwinism
... whether something is indeed only a metaphor, we can look how they work.8 We un derstand the meaning of a metaphor only if we grasp what the original (or „proper”) use o f the word has in common with its application to a different matter. We must grasp the semantic overlap of the different applicati ...
... whether something is indeed only a metaphor, we can look how they work.8 We un derstand the meaning of a metaphor only if we grasp what the original (or „proper”) use o f the word has in common with its application to a different matter. We must grasp the semantic overlap of the different applicati ...
The Use of Cytochrome B Sequence Variation in Estimation of
... Two separate cladistic analyses were performed using the entire informative data set in which the weighted characters were given the extra weight of 4 and then 8, respectively. Extra weight was given to 20 of the 59 phylogenetically informative characters.These weighted characters included all infor ...
... Two separate cladistic analyses were performed using the entire informative data set in which the weighted characters were given the extra weight of 4 and then 8, respectively. Extra weight was given to 20 of the 59 phylogenetically informative characters.These weighted characters included all infor ...
Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Low
... (a) that usually cause serious human, animal, or plant disease and may present a serious hazard to laboratory personnel; and (b) that could present a risk if spread in the community or the environment; and (c) in respect of which effective preventative measures or treatments are usually available ri ...
... (a) that usually cause serious human, animal, or plant disease and may present a serious hazard to laboratory personnel; and (b) that could present a risk if spread in the community or the environment; and (c) in respect of which effective preventative measures or treatments are usually available ri ...
- ResearchOnline@JCU
... however, when these patients are excluded the familial risk of CRC remains4 and the genetic basis for familial serrated polyposis has not been established. The appearance of serrated polyposis in consanguineous kindreds and in monozygotic twins5 has led to the hypothesis that serrated polyposis may ...
... however, when these patients are excluded the familial risk of CRC remains4 and the genetic basis for familial serrated polyposis has not been established. The appearance of serrated polyposis in consanguineous kindreds and in monozygotic twins5 has led to the hypothesis that serrated polyposis may ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.