BMC Microbiology - ORBi
... B. mongoliense strains isolated from the cheeses The species Bifidobacterium crudilactis was described by [4] on the basis of 10 strains out of 141 isolates from raw milk and two raw milk cheese production chains. Of the 141 isolates, one hundred and thirty-seven were obtained from 34 raw milk chees ...
... B. mongoliense strains isolated from the cheeses The species Bifidobacterium crudilactis was described by [4] on the basis of 10 strains out of 141 isolates from raw milk and two raw milk cheese production chains. Of the 141 isolates, one hundred and thirty-seven were obtained from 34 raw milk chees ...
Aalborg Universitet The reason why profitable firms do not necessarily grow
... in which members of the -population that have high values of one characteristic also tend to have high (or low) values of coupled characteristics. This means that when selection acts directly on one characteristic, it also influences the population mean of more or less closely coupled characteristic ...
... in which members of the -population that have high values of one characteristic also tend to have high (or low) values of coupled characteristics. This means that when selection acts directly on one characteristic, it also influences the population mean of more or less closely coupled characteristic ...
Document
... What is hybridization? • Homoploid hybridization • Does not result in a change in ploidy (e.g. 2N to 4N) • Generally less phenotypically pronounced than polyploidy hybridization • Hybrids may be infertile or unfit due to differing chromosome numbers between parents or epistatic interactions ...
... What is hybridization? • Homoploid hybridization • Does not result in a change in ploidy (e.g. 2N to 4N) • Generally less phenotypically pronounced than polyploidy hybridization • Hybrids may be infertile or unfit due to differing chromosome numbers between parents or epistatic interactions ...
Topology optimization of planar Integrated Lichtwave circuits.
... structural optimization (ESO), and states that topology optimization cannot be misled as easily by poor initial guess. They applied evolution based algorithm for topology optimization [6]. On new interesting method mind in EA’s parameter optimization mind be EHW. Past studies on EHW focused on the a ...
... structural optimization (ESO), and states that topology optimization cannot be misled as easily by poor initial guess. They applied evolution based algorithm for topology optimization [6]. On new interesting method mind in EA’s parameter optimization mind be EHW. Past studies on EHW focused on the a ...
The Trials of Life: Natural Selection and Random Drift*
... population as a whole are more likely to diverge from the predicted outcome than if the population is not subdivided. (ii) Hagedoorn Effect: Mendel’s law of segregation predicts equal numbers of each of a parent’s alleles in the gamete pool. But, given that each individual produces only a small numb ...
... population as a whole are more likely to diverge from the predicted outcome than if the population is not subdivided. (ii) Hagedoorn Effect: Mendel’s law of segregation predicts equal numbers of each of a parent’s alleles in the gamete pool. But, given that each individual produces only a small numb ...
sex-linked hybrid sterility in a butterfly - Ziheng Yang
... could be consistent with this result. If the loci causing male and female sterility are not the same, we do not necessarily expect that an X chromosome carrying male sterility loci will also contain female sterility loci (Turelli and Orr 1995; Orr 1997). There is now convincing evidence from Drosoph ...
... could be consistent with this result. If the loci causing male and female sterility are not the same, we do not necessarily expect that an X chromosome carrying male sterility loci will also contain female sterility loci (Turelli and Orr 1995; Orr 1997). There is now convincing evidence from Drosoph ...
Slide 1
... C2: As a result of this variation, some organisms will be more likely to survive and reproduce than others – there will be differential reproductive success. C3: The population change through time, as adaptive traits accumulate in the population. Corollary: Two populations, isolated in different env ...
... C2: As a result of this variation, some organisms will be more likely to survive and reproduce than others – there will be differential reproductive success. C3: The population change through time, as adaptive traits accumulate in the population. Corollary: Two populations, isolated in different env ...
Farm animal genetic resources: safeguarding
... to increase prolificacy of modern pig varieties by matings with the Meishan and other highly fecund Chinese breeds have given rise to prolific new varieties but in most cases these do not compete in leanness and growth rate. This means it is very important to maintain genetic variation in the commer ...
... to increase prolificacy of modern pig varieties by matings with the Meishan and other highly fecund Chinese breeds have given rise to prolific new varieties but in most cases these do not compete in leanness and growth rate. This means it is very important to maintain genetic variation in the commer ...
Matthew Kwong - GEP Community Server
... The final exon in contig 10 (exon 4 for isoforms ey-PA, ey-PC and exon 5 for isoform eyPD) likely does not represent the end of the gene since ey has eleven unique exons with either eight or nine being expressed (depending on the isoform). Thus, the ey gene likely extends past contig 10. The final e ...
... The final exon in contig 10 (exon 4 for isoforms ey-PA, ey-PC and exon 5 for isoform eyPD) likely does not represent the end of the gene since ey has eleven unique exons with either eight or nine being expressed (depending on the isoform). Thus, the ey gene likely extends past contig 10. The final e ...
Fifteen years of genomewide scans for selection: trends, lessons
... on standard summary statistics and methods may fail to identify a range of selective events, including soft sweeps, polygenic selection and selection targeting genetic variants such as microsatellites or copy number variants (Innan & Kim 2004; Pritchard & Di Rienzo 2010; Haasl et al. 2014). At the b ...
... on standard summary statistics and methods may fail to identify a range of selective events, including soft sweeps, polygenic selection and selection targeting genetic variants such as microsatellites or copy number variants (Innan & Kim 2004; Pritchard & Di Rienzo 2010; Haasl et al. 2014). At the b ...
Mapping of Hybrid Incompatibility Loci in Nasonia Ju ¨rgen Gadau,*
... 3. Using the “RIPPLE” command, the order found in step 2 was tested within each linkage group for all possible threepoint orders of consecutive markers. The most likely order for every marker is shown. Markers that were linked at 2 cM or less could not be ordered at a LOD 2 threshold because with th ...
... 3. Using the “RIPPLE” command, the order found in step 2 was tested within each linkage group for all possible threepoint orders of consecutive markers. The most likely order for every marker is shown. Markers that were linked at 2 cM or less could not be ordered at a LOD 2 threshold because with th ...
Characteristics of a Laboratory Strain of Coleomegilla maculata with
... Patterning in insects may be regulated by transcription factors such as optomotor-blind (omb) or bric a brac (bab) [11]. Color patterns in wings of butterflies are complex, and may be the product of the co-option of developmental pathways, as exemplified by the eye development gene optix which is co ...
... Patterning in insects may be regulated by transcription factors such as optomotor-blind (omb) or bric a brac (bab) [11]. Color patterns in wings of butterflies are complex, and may be the product of the co-option of developmental pathways, as exemplified by the eye development gene optix which is co ...
Genetic Improvement and Crossbreeding in Meat Goats
... not get genetically better over time; but more on that later. Seeing the whole picture In breeding better goats, we are mainly concerned with changing animal populations genetically. From a breeding standpoint you want to know not only the most desirable phenotypes, but the most desirable genotypes ...
... not get genetically better over time; but more on that later. Seeing the whole picture In breeding better goats, we are mainly concerned with changing animal populations genetically. From a breeding standpoint you want to know not only the most desirable phenotypes, but the most desirable genotypes ...
Mutation Screening of the EXT Genes in Patients with Hereditary
... and G at position 966) were 0.833 and 0.167, respectively. However, results obtained from healthy (non-HME) individuals were 0.9 and 0.1, respectively. In other words, the frequency of G allele was higher in HME versus non-HME individuals in this study. This result suggests that c966T R G might be u ...
... and G at position 966) were 0.833 and 0.167, respectively. However, results obtained from healthy (non-HME) individuals were 0.9 and 0.1, respectively. In other words, the frequency of G allele was higher in HME versus non-HME individuals in this study. This result suggests that c966T R G might be u ...
Genetic Discrimination and Biobanks in the United States
... employer for the same violation), and insert a clarification that insurers can continue to base decisions on an existing/expressed disease.”5 With those amendments, GINA finally became law. 7.3 GINA: Content of the Act: The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) is divided into two section ...
... employer for the same violation), and insert a clarification that insurers can continue to base decisions on an existing/expressed disease.”5 With those amendments, GINA finally became law. 7.3 GINA: Content of the Act: The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) is divided into two section ...
The obstruction of adaptation in diploids by recessive deleterious
... frequency trajectory of a beneficial mutation in this case is dramatically altered, causing what we have termed a “staggered sweep,” whereby the linked mutations are balanced for a period before recombination unlinks them. This balancing selection is a type of associative overdominance. However, in ...
... frequency trajectory of a beneficial mutation in this case is dramatically altered, causing what we have termed a “staggered sweep,” whereby the linked mutations are balanced for a period before recombination unlinks them. This balancing selection is a type of associative overdominance. However, in ...
PDF
... in introns are likely to be under the influence of natural selection in plants in general. Selective constraint (also known as functional or evolutionary constraint) is defined here as the factor by which evolutionary divergence of a functional sequence is reduced, relative to a neutrally evolving s ...
... in introns are likely to be under the influence of natural selection in plants in general. Selective constraint (also known as functional or evolutionary constraint) is defined here as the factor by which evolutionary divergence of a functional sequence is reduced, relative to a neutrally evolving s ...
Phylogenetic Network and Physicochemical Properties of
... and by reference to the pepinfo utility of the EMBOSS package. We used this segment size because it has been shown to be a good value for identifying transmembrane regions (Kyte and Doolittle 1982). Contingency Table Analysis The nonsynonymous mutations were counted as differences relative to the re ...
... and by reference to the pepinfo utility of the EMBOSS package. We used this segment size because it has been shown to be a good value for identifying transmembrane regions (Kyte and Doolittle 1982). Contingency Table Analysis The nonsynonymous mutations were counted as differences relative to the re ...
Gene Section JAG1 (jagged 1 (Alagille syndrome)) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Polymorphisms were described in the cDNA sequence ...
... Polymorphisms were described in the cDNA sequence ...
Probabilistic causation and the explanatory role of natural selection
... 3. Explaining the propagation and maintenance of traits Since Darwin’s and Wallace’s (1858) and Darwin’s (1859) foundational works, the only consensus about the explanatory role of natural selection is that it explains the propagation of new mutant traits (and lost of the wild-type) and the maintena ...
... 3. Explaining the propagation and maintenance of traits Since Darwin’s and Wallace’s (1858) and Darwin’s (1859) foundational works, the only consensus about the explanatory role of natural selection is that it explains the propagation of new mutant traits (and lost of the wild-type) and the maintena ...
The Advantages of Segregation and the Evolution of Sex
... spread of a favored allele, A, within a population. Although it is nonstandard, I continue to use the fitness regime described by (2) as this makes it easier to recognize parallels between the results with purifying and directional selection. The arguments made in the previous paragraph continue to ...
... spread of a favored allele, A, within a population. Although it is nonstandard, I continue to use the fitness regime described by (2) as this makes it easier to recognize parallels between the results with purifying and directional selection. The arguments made in the previous paragraph continue to ...
The evolution of meiotic sex and its alternatives
... i.e. they would not be expressed because a functional gene copy is available at the homologous chromosome [34,35]. Consequently, such mutations would not be exposed to natural selection and thus would accumulate in the long term. Ploidy reduction will lead to expression of the mutated genes and expo ...
... i.e. they would not be expressed because a functional gene copy is available at the homologous chromosome [34,35]. Consequently, such mutations would not be exposed to natural selection and thus would accumulate in the long term. Ploidy reduction will lead to expression of the mutated genes and expo ...
Evolution of Manipulated Behavior. - The Institute for Environmental
... (Alexander et al. 1991). Hence, the group optimality and communication explanation may be insufficient to account for social triggering among primitively eusocial taxa. In contrast, these forms of social determination would be preferentially expected if social triggering is manipulation. However, th ...
... (Alexander et al. 1991). Hence, the group optimality and communication explanation may be insufficient to account for social triggering among primitively eusocial taxa. In contrast, these forms of social determination would be preferentially expected if social triggering is manipulation. However, th ...
Identification of Corynebacterium species
... Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation of SMIs, PHE and any supporting organisation, shall, to the greatest extent possible under any applicable law, exclude liability for all losses, costs, claims, damages or expenses arising out of or connected with the use of an SMI or any informatio ...
... Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation of SMIs, PHE and any supporting organisation, shall, to the greatest extent possible under any applicable law, exclude liability for all losses, costs, claims, damages or expenses arising out of or connected with the use of an SMI or any informatio ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.