Fisher`s Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection Revisited
... are linearly related to the average effects. But he doubts that Fisher would have accepted this interpretation since, although Fisher could have presented his theorem in this way, he did not. Moreover, in Price's clarification of Fisher's derivation of the FTNS, the central statement that ``any incr ...
... are linearly related to the average effects. But he doubts that Fisher would have accepted this interpretation since, although Fisher could have presented his theorem in this way, he did not. Moreover, in Price's clarification of Fisher's derivation of the FTNS, the central statement that ``any incr ...
the brainy bunch - Kaufmann Productions
... 2. What is the purpose of the cuttlebone? 3. Who are their ‘modern’ cephalopod relatives? 4. How does the Broadclub Cuttlefish hunt? 5. When do they use the light show? 6. How does the psychologist Dr Purdy define intelligence? 7. Why do the cuttlefish continue to attack Troy, the toy fish ...
... 2. What is the purpose of the cuttlebone? 3. Who are their ‘modern’ cephalopod relatives? 4. How does the Broadclub Cuttlefish hunt? 5. When do they use the light show? 6. How does the psychologist Dr Purdy define intelligence? 7. Why do the cuttlefish continue to attack Troy, the toy fish ...
Chapter 25 Worms and Mollusks
... also are removed from flatworm cells by diffusion. Unlike sponges and cnidarians, flatworms have an excretory system that consists of a network of small tubes that run through the body. On side branches of the tubes, as shown in Figure 25.2, bulblike flame cells lined with cilia sweep water and excr ...
... also are removed from flatworm cells by diffusion. Unlike sponges and cnidarians, flatworms have an excretory system that consists of a network of small tubes that run through the body. On side branches of the tubes, as shown in Figure 25.2, bulblike flame cells lined with cilia sweep water and excr ...
How to order genetic testing for Hemophilia A and B
... Most mutations that cause hemophilia B are little alterations in genetic code, which is why sequencing will detect pathogenic mutations in 97% to100% of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of hemophilia B. However, while this method allows us to see small mutations in the DNA sequence, it is too f ...
... Most mutations that cause hemophilia B are little alterations in genetic code, which is why sequencing will detect pathogenic mutations in 97% to100% of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of hemophilia B. However, while this method allows us to see small mutations in the DNA sequence, it is too f ...
Missouri State Standards (Biology I End of Course Exam) Biology
... III. There is a genetic basis for the transfer of biological characteristics from one generation to the next through reproductive processes 9. Describe the chemical and structural properties of DNA (e.g., DNA is a large polymer formed from linked subunits of four kinds of nitrogen bases; genetic in ...
... III. There is a genetic basis for the transfer of biological characteristics from one generation to the next through reproductive processes 9. Describe the chemical and structural properties of DNA (e.g., DNA is a large polymer formed from linked subunits of four kinds of nitrogen bases; genetic in ...
ALK
... -standard therapies for several types of cancer( chronic myeloid leukemia, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mutated non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and ALKrearranged NSCLC ) crizotinib - In NSCLC, ALK rearrangement, the first ALK inhibitor tested in the clinic - Resistance to crizotinib t ...
... -standard therapies for several types of cancer( chronic myeloid leukemia, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mutated non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and ALKrearranged NSCLC ) crizotinib - In NSCLC, ALK rearrangement, the first ALK inhibitor tested in the clinic - Resistance to crizotinib t ...
How do natural and sexual selection contribute to sympatric
... the range of neighbouring phenotypes an individual competes with) and the disruptiveness of selection is highly nonlinear. This is mostly because both local and global competition (that is, competition between individuals having only very similar phenotypes and competition between all the individual ...
... the range of neighbouring phenotypes an individual competes with) and the disruptiveness of selection is highly nonlinear. This is mostly because both local and global competition (that is, competition between individuals having only very similar phenotypes and competition between all the individual ...
Population Structures of the Red Fox
... shallow genetic structures. This clustering is, however, purely based on genetic information. In the present study, STRUCTURE was employed to examine the characteristics of the boundaries found by GENELAND. We then performed 5 runs at each value of the fixed parameter K (1–10: number of subpopulatio ...
... shallow genetic structures. This clustering is, however, purely based on genetic information. In the present study, STRUCTURE was employed to examine the characteristics of the boundaries found by GENELAND. We then performed 5 runs at each value of the fixed parameter K (1–10: number of subpopulatio ...
Chapter 27: Mollusks and Segmented Worms
... algae from the sides of an aquarium? Snails, like many mollusks, use a rasping structure called a radula to obtain food. A radula (RA juh luh), located within the mouth of a mollusk, is a tonguelike organ with rows of teeth. The radula is used to drill, scrape, grate, or cut food. Figure 27.3 shows ...
... algae from the sides of an aquarium? Snails, like many mollusks, use a rasping structure called a radula to obtain food. A radula (RA juh luh), located within the mouth of a mollusk, is a tonguelike organ with rows of teeth. The radula is used to drill, scrape, grate, or cut food. Figure 27.3 shows ...
Increased transversions in a novel mutator colon cancer cell line
... recognition by the MMR system. In this regard, bacterial MMR does not correct all base ± base mispairs with equal eciency. For example, base ± base mispairs which could result in transversions are not repaired as well as other mispairs. Furthermore, DNA repair can be modulated by the surrounding DN ...
... recognition by the MMR system. In this regard, bacterial MMR does not correct all base ± base mispairs with equal eciency. For example, base ± base mispairs which could result in transversions are not repaired as well as other mispairs. Furthermore, DNA repair can be modulated by the surrounding DN ...
LAB 9: Genetics Take
... the B oligosaccharide, and O codes for the absence of an oligosaccharide antigen. If a person receives a foreign blood type during a transfusion, the immune system attacks the unfamiliar antigen and agglutination occurs, which may lead to death. The genotypes AA and AO produce the phenotype (blood t ...
... the B oligosaccharide, and O codes for the absence of an oligosaccharide antigen. If a person receives a foreign blood type during a transfusion, the immune system attacks the unfamiliar antigen and agglutination occurs, which may lead to death. The genotypes AA and AO produce the phenotype (blood t ...
Canalization, Genetic Assimilation and Preadaptation: A
... in this way, it could become a target of genetic assimilation whenever some appropriate varying factor of the environment becomes more stable. In fact, in the new situation, there is a selective advantage for the genotypes that more reliably express the particular state of the trait that is most ade ...
... in this way, it could become a target of genetic assimilation whenever some appropriate varying factor of the environment becomes more stable. In fact, in the new situation, there is a selective advantage for the genotypes that more reliably express the particular state of the trait that is most ade ...
Tibetan and Andean Patterns of Adaptation to High
... step for analyzing quantitative traits. An informative second step is analysis of the variation within a population to determine whether variation is distributed consistently with known patterns of genetic inheritance. Quantitative genetic techniques analyze the phenotypic variation within a populat ...
... step for analyzing quantitative traits. An informative second step is analysis of the variation within a population to determine whether variation is distributed consistently with known patterns of genetic inheritance. Quantitative genetic techniques analyze the phenotypic variation within a populat ...
proofs oofs proofs
... Another advantage of asexual reproduction is that if a new habitat becomes available for colonisation, those species that reproduce asexually can more quickly exploit the resources of space and energy in this new habitat. In favourable conditions, asexual reproduction is an advantage because organis ...
... Another advantage of asexual reproduction is that if a new habitat becomes available for colonisation, those species that reproduce asexually can more quickly exploit the resources of space and energy in this new habitat. In favourable conditions, asexual reproduction is an advantage because organis ...
Breeding in Apomictic Species - public.iastate.edu
... embryo develops as a bud-like structure through mitotic division of somatic cells of the ovule, integuments or ovary wall. Diplospory is more difficult to identify and requires cytological observations at earlier ovule development than the two previous mechanisms. Lack of meiosis or a linear tetrad ...
... embryo develops as a bud-like structure through mitotic division of somatic cells of the ovule, integuments or ovary wall. Diplospory is more difficult to identify and requires cytological observations at earlier ovule development than the two previous mechanisms. Lack of meiosis or a linear tetrad ...
the evolution of dominance in sporophytic self
... along with the pollen and stigma specificities, we calculated genotype frequencies in the next generation, taking into account the current state of the population, the expected frequencies of compatible matings, and the progeny genotype proportions expected from these matings. Two distinct types of ...
... along with the pollen and stigma specificities, we calculated genotype frequencies in the next generation, taking into account the current state of the population, the expected frequencies of compatible matings, and the progeny genotype proportions expected from these matings. Two distinct types of ...
DHCR7 mutations linked to higher vitamin D status allowed early
... vitamin D status near DHCR7 (rs7944926, rs12785878, rs12800438, rs4944957 and rs3794060). This was in contrast to the African populations, which had more haplotype blocks that were shorter, and no block contained all five SNPs (Figure 2). This observation indicates that the underlying haplotype stru ...
... vitamin D status near DHCR7 (rs7944926, rs12785878, rs12800438, rs4944957 and rs3794060). This was in contrast to the African populations, which had more haplotype blocks that were shorter, and no block contained all five SNPs (Figure 2). This observation indicates that the underlying haplotype stru ...
Rapid identification of Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter
... similar; however, they differ in their epidemiology, antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity. In this study, we investigated the use of a multiplex PCR-based assay designed to detect internal fragments of the 16S–23S rRNA intergenic region and the gyrB and recA genes. The assay was capable of differ ...
... similar; however, they differ in their epidemiology, antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity. In this study, we investigated the use of a multiplex PCR-based assay designed to detect internal fragments of the 16S–23S rRNA intergenic region and the gyrB and recA genes. The assay was capable of differ ...
Richardson and Chipman 2003
... Constraints are factors that limit evolutionary change. A subset of constraints is developmental, and acts during embryonic development. There is some uncertainty about how to define developmental constraints, and how to formulate them as testable hypotheses. Furthermore, concepts such as constraint ...
... Constraints are factors that limit evolutionary change. A subset of constraints is developmental, and acts during embryonic development. There is some uncertainty about how to define developmental constraints, and how to formulate them as testable hypotheses. Furthermore, concepts such as constraint ...
Finland
... Most important aspect is to support natural regeneration and when this is not possible, collect seed from the very same stand to be used in sowing or planting. Special attention is also paid to creating and maintaining a roughly even distribution of different age classes, in order to ensure stabilit ...
... Most important aspect is to support natural regeneration and when this is not possible, collect seed from the very same stand to be used in sowing or planting. Special attention is also paid to creating and maintaining a roughly even distribution of different age classes, in order to ensure stabilit ...
Ernst Mayr (1904–2005) and the new philosophy of biology
... chance. On the other hand survival and reproduction—the kind of ‘winning’ that is relevant in the process of evolution—are not pure chance events, but depend on the inherited traits of the organism: “survival, the ability to contribute to the genetic content of the next generation, is not at all a m ...
... chance. On the other hand survival and reproduction—the kind of ‘winning’ that is relevant in the process of evolution—are not pure chance events, but depend on the inherited traits of the organism: “survival, the ability to contribute to the genetic content of the next generation, is not at all a m ...
Repeat-induced point mutation and the population
... precedes karyogamy). Cytosine methylation is frequently associated with RIP-mutated sequences, however it remains undetermined whether this is a required step in a deamination process to yield C-to-T mutations. RIP acts in a pair-wise manner on duplicated DNA sequences, such that they are not only a ...
... precedes karyogamy). Cytosine methylation is frequently associated with RIP-mutated sequences, however it remains undetermined whether this is a required step in a deamination process to yield C-to-T mutations. RIP acts in a pair-wise manner on duplicated DNA sequences, such that they are not only a ...
Biochemical, or Molecular, Genetics
... record by positing divinely authored worldwide disasters that wiped out creatures represented in the fossil record The alternative to creationism and catastrophism was transformism, also called evolution ...
... record by positing divinely authored worldwide disasters that wiped out creatures represented in the fossil record The alternative to creationism and catastrophism was transformism, also called evolution ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.