Debunking Key and Lock Biology: Exploring the prevalence and
... 7- You are doing experiments to test whether a specific type of acupuncture works. This type of acupuncture holds that specific needle insertion points influence specific parts of the body. As part of your experimental design, you randomize your treatments so that some people get acupuncture needles ...
... 7- You are doing experiments to test whether a specific type of acupuncture works. This type of acupuncture holds that specific needle insertion points influence specific parts of the body. As part of your experimental design, you randomize your treatments so that some people get acupuncture needles ...
Sperm competition and the evolution of spermatogenesis
... other individuals in the population)—and is at the same time heritable—will tend to be selectively favoured (i.e. alleles that positively affect that trait will tend to increase in frequency in the population). Individuals with an advantageous trait will tend to leave more offspring, and those offsp ...
... other individuals in the population)—and is at the same time heritable—will tend to be selectively favoured (i.e. alleles that positively affect that trait will tend to increase in frequency in the population). Individuals with an advantageous trait will tend to leave more offspring, and those offsp ...
Gene tree reconstruction and orthology analysis based on
... according to some standard sequence evolution model, see e.g. [3], until the lineage is split into two, again by a duplication or a speciation, which causes the sequence to split into two initially identical but henceforth independently evolving sequences. The gene sequence evolution model is hierar ...
... according to some standard sequence evolution model, see e.g. [3], until the lineage is split into two, again by a duplication or a speciation, which causes the sequence to split into two initially identical but henceforth independently evolving sequences. The gene sequence evolution model is hierar ...
Preview Sample 2
... A particularly striking example of the interaction of heredity and environment comes from an experiment with Himalayan rabbits. Temperature has been found to exert considerable influence on the fur color of these rabbits. Himalayans are typically white except for the extremities, nose, and ears. We ...
... A particularly striking example of the interaction of heredity and environment comes from an experiment with Himalayan rabbits. Temperature has been found to exert considerable influence on the fur color of these rabbits. Himalayans are typically white except for the extremities, nose, and ears. We ...
lecture 03 - Hardy-Weinberg - Cal State LA
... does the frequency of alleles change over time? Assume a population where there are two alleles of a gene, A and a - frequency of allele A in the gene pool is 60%, or 0.6 - in other words, 60% of sperm and 60% of eggs made by adults in this population carry the A allele - frequency of allele a in th ...
... does the frequency of alleles change over time? Assume a population where there are two alleles of a gene, A and a - frequency of allele A in the gene pool is 60%, or 0.6 - in other words, 60% of sperm and 60% of eggs made by adults in this population carry the A allele - frequency of allele a in th ...
lecture_07(LP)
... “a” strain. The resulting pattern of growth on the gal plates is depicted below (shading = growth). In all plates, the wild type strain is in the horizontal streak. ...
... “a” strain. The resulting pattern of growth on the gal plates is depicted below (shading = growth). In all plates, the wild type strain is in the horizontal streak. ...
prey community
... Increasing the number of interacting species could affect predator–prey evolution via ecological and genetic constraints. First, competition for the shared prey is likely to affect the relative abundance of each competing predator species, which will then affect the strength of selection that every ...
... Increasing the number of interacting species could affect predator–prey evolution via ecological and genetic constraints. First, competition for the shared prey is likely to affect the relative abundance of each competing predator species, which will then affect the strength of selection that every ...
2016 HSC Biology Marking Guidelines
... as one single haem unit is able to carry four oxygen molecules. Species A and Species B have different haemoglobin structures that are able to reach 100% saturation at differing partial pressures of oxygen. Species A and B are likely to have diverged from a common ancestor because of differing envir ...
... as one single haem unit is able to carry four oxygen molecules. Species A and Species B have different haemoglobin structures that are able to reach 100% saturation at differing partial pressures of oxygen. Species A and B are likely to have diverged from a common ancestor because of differing envir ...
Virtual Lab - Ants
... Modeling Natural Selection- Virtual Lab -Ants and abiotic Factors How does Natural Selection affect allele frequency? In this exploration you will investigate a simulated model of natural selection of an organism in different environments. The simulation represents the effect of predation on natural ...
... Modeling Natural Selection- Virtual Lab -Ants and abiotic Factors How does Natural Selection affect allele frequency? In this exploration you will investigate a simulated model of natural selection of an organism in different environments. The simulation represents the effect of predation on natural ...
Models of Selection, Isolation, and Gene Flow in Speciation
... because this process can set groups of organisms onto independent evolutionary trajectories from which they can no longer influence each other directly through mating and recombination. Key elements of that research program (Butlin et al., 2012) include analyses of (1) the targets of selection actin ...
... because this process can set groups of organisms onto independent evolutionary trajectories from which they can no longer influence each other directly through mating and recombination. Key elements of that research program (Butlin et al., 2012) include analyses of (1) the targets of selection actin ...
Genetic counseling in Angelman syndrome: The challenges of
... increased risk of recurrence. Connerton-Moyer et al. [1997] report on 2 families in which there is recurrence of Angelman syndrome (1 in second cousins, and 1 in first cousins once-removed). However, further molecular and cytogenetic evaluation in these families showed that the children did not have ...
... increased risk of recurrence. Connerton-Moyer et al. [1997] report on 2 families in which there is recurrence of Angelman syndrome (1 in second cousins, and 1 in first cousins once-removed). However, further molecular and cytogenetic evaluation in these families showed that the children did not have ...
Sex and sensibility: The role of social selection
... species in which genetic diversity rested in a large number of small individual variations, spread over the entire population (Dobzhansky 1955, 1962). It was this ubiquitous variation that allowed both humans and fruit flies to adapt so easily to changes in their environment and ensured their evolut ...
... species in which genetic diversity rested in a large number of small individual variations, spread over the entire population (Dobzhansky 1955, 1962). It was this ubiquitous variation that allowed both humans and fruit flies to adapt so easily to changes in their environment and ensured their evolut ...
Engineering a tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase for the site
... mutated in the tRNA. Indeed, previous mutations made at these three sites in the tRNA resulted in 2- to 400-fold decreases in kcatyKm of GlnRS for the mutant tRNAs (21–23). In the case of knob 1, the base pair G3–C70 was changed to C3–G70; in the case of knob 2, the base pair G10–C25 was changed to ...
... mutated in the tRNA. Indeed, previous mutations made at these three sites in the tRNA resulted in 2- to 400-fold decreases in kcatyKm of GlnRS for the mutant tRNAs (21–23). In the case of knob 1, the base pair G3–C70 was changed to C3–G70; in the case of knob 2, the base pair G10–C25 was changed to ...
8387330290
... (b) Suggest why the cassowary can digest the fruit but not the seeds of rainforest trees. ...
... (b) Suggest why the cassowary can digest the fruit but not the seeds of rainforest trees. ...
12.04.518 Preconception Testing for Carrier Status of Genetic
... Genetic tests are laboratory tests that measure changes in human DNA, chromosomes, genes or gene products (proteins). Blood, skin, cheek swabs, and amniotic fluid are some common samples that can be tested. Genetic testing for carrier status is done on people planning a pregnancy. The goal is to see ...
... Genetic tests are laboratory tests that measure changes in human DNA, chromosomes, genes or gene products (proteins). Blood, skin, cheek swabs, and amniotic fluid are some common samples that can be tested. Genetic testing for carrier status is done on people planning a pregnancy. The goal is to see ...
Watanabe, T et al (1983). Nutritional values of live organisms used
... Water quality is important to maintain as many factors can affect it drastically. The water in the tank should be kept between 30-35‰ but no higher, as long as you try to keep the seahorses in as consistent a salinity as possible they should be fine. Important factors to be monitored in the tank are ...
... Water quality is important to maintain as many factors can affect it drastically. The water in the tank should be kept between 30-35‰ but no higher, as long as you try to keep the seahorses in as consistent a salinity as possible they should be fine. Important factors to be monitored in the tank are ...
Full Text
... call the expected data scale. For example, where the log-link function translates expected values to the latent scale, its inverse, the exponential function, translates latent values to expected values. Finally, Equation 3c specifies the distribution by which the observations z scatter around the exp ...
... call the expected data scale. For example, where the log-link function translates expected values to the latent scale, its inverse, the exponential function, translates latent values to expected values. Finally, Equation 3c specifies the distribution by which the observations z scatter around the exp ...
Human Genetics - Chapter 12
... Are sequences that vary in number from person to person Account for about a quarter of the genome CNVs may have no effect on the phenotype or they can disrupt a gene’s function and harm health (Common among people with behavior disorders). ...
... Are sequences that vary in number from person to person Account for about a quarter of the genome CNVs may have no effect on the phenotype or they can disrupt a gene’s function and harm health (Common among people with behavior disorders). ...
PDF - Canine Genetics and Epidemiology
... due to closed registries and breeding practices, and that this has had a detrimental effect on the health and welfare of many pedigree breeds. Indeed studies have empirically determined a large depletion in genetic diversity in some pedigree dogs breeds [1–3], and many breeds do suffer a high burden ...
... due to closed registries and breeding practices, and that this has had a detrimental effect on the health and welfare of many pedigree breeds. Indeed studies have empirically determined a large depletion in genetic diversity in some pedigree dogs breeds [1–3], and many breeds do suffer a high burden ...
CTSC and PapillonLefvre syndrome: detection of recurrent
... Papillon–Lefevre syndrome (PLS; OMIM 245000) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and periodontitis. In 1997, the gene locus for PLS was mapped to 11q14-21, and in 1999, variants in the cathepsin C gene (CTSC) were identified as causing PLS. To date, a to ...
... Papillon–Lefevre syndrome (PLS; OMIM 245000) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and periodontitis. In 1997, the gene locus for PLS was mapped to 11q14-21, and in 1999, variants in the cathepsin C gene (CTSC) were identified as causing PLS. To date, a to ...
Pfennig and Kingsolver
... more offspring than others. Thus, phenotypic selection requires phenotypic variation, where individuals differ in some of their characteristics, and differential reproduction, where some individuals have more surviving offspring than others because of their distinctive characteristics. Those individ ...
... more offspring than others. Thus, phenotypic selection requires phenotypic variation, where individuals differ in some of their characteristics, and differential reproduction, where some individuals have more surviving offspring than others because of their distinctive characteristics. Those individ ...
Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium and the Foundations of Evolutionary
... What exactly is meant by the assumptions that gametes fuse at random? This phrase, which we shall encounter often in this article, actually covers two distinct assumptions. The first is the assumption of randomness of gametic fusion with regard to the A alleles carried by the gametes. This simply me ...
... What exactly is meant by the assumptions that gametes fuse at random? This phrase, which we shall encounter often in this article, actually covers two distinct assumptions. The first is the assumption of randomness of gametic fusion with regard to the A alleles carried by the gametes. This simply me ...
Rapid divergence and diversification of mammalian duplicate gene
... quantifying divergence between their spatial gene expression profiles and that of their single-copy orthologous gene in a closely related sister species. Results: Here, we apply our classification method to pairs of duplicate genes in eight mammalian genomes, using data from 11 tissues to construct ...
... quantifying divergence between their spatial gene expression profiles and that of their single-copy orthologous gene in a closely related sister species. Results: Here, we apply our classification method to pairs of duplicate genes in eight mammalian genomes, using data from 11 tissues to construct ...
Review
... identify whether the Y chromosome carries a maledetermining gene, as in almost all therian mammals and most dioecious plants so far studied, or whether sex is determined through X–autosome balance, as in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans (Haag 2005). For female heterogametic (ZW) species, analog ...
... identify whether the Y chromosome carries a maledetermining gene, as in almost all therian mammals and most dioecious plants so far studied, or whether sex is determined through X–autosome balance, as in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans (Haag 2005). For female heterogametic (ZW) species, analog ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.