Some Calpain History- Part 2: GENETICS and EVOLUTION
... component subunits of calpain-1 (Capn1 and Capns1), calpain-2 (Capn2 and Capns1) and calpastatin (Cast) Capn3 – a genetic link to human disease- Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type IIA Capn10- a genetic link to human disease- type 2- diabetes Capn5 -a genetic link to human disease- ADNIV G ...
... component subunits of calpain-1 (Capn1 and Capns1), calpain-2 (Capn2 and Capns1) and calpastatin (Cast) Capn3 – a genetic link to human disease- Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type IIA Capn10- a genetic link to human disease- type 2- diabetes Capn5 -a genetic link to human disease- ADNIV G ...
Population Variation in Continuously Varying Traits as an Ecological
... lineages, despite some observations to the (Lerner, 1954; Lewontin, 1964ft; Mackay, contrary {e.g., Guthrie, 1965). The effects 1980). Lande (1980ft) disputes the releof canalization breakdown might be seen vance of Lerner's observations to natural in such lineages but only if the fossil record popu ...
... lineages, despite some observations to the (Lerner, 1954; Lewontin, 1964ft; Mackay, contrary {e.g., Guthrie, 1965). The effects 1980). Lande (1980ft) disputes the releof canalization breakdown might be seen vance of Lerner's observations to natural in such lineages but only if the fossil record popu ...
Genetic balancers
... generated deficiencies on linkage group (LG) III that were lethal as homozygotes, Greenwald, I.S., and Horvitz, H.R. (1980) kept them as heterozygotes over an unc-93 dpy-17 chromosome. These animals were Unc-93 in phenotype because the deficiencies deleted unc-93, and they segregated Unc-93, Unc-93 ...
... generated deficiencies on linkage group (LG) III that were lethal as homozygotes, Greenwald, I.S., and Horvitz, H.R. (1980) kept them as heterozygotes over an unc-93 dpy-17 chromosome. These animals were Unc-93 in phenotype because the deficiencies deleted unc-93, and they segregated Unc-93, Unc-93 ...
Article Positive and Purifying Selection on the Drosophila Y
... Y and X chromosomes largely lack homology (for review, see Carvalho et al. 2009), which is unexpected under the supposition that the sex chromosomes derive from a pair of autosomes. This lack of homology therefore represents an extreme of genetic differentiation between the sex chromosomes and certa ...
... Y and X chromosomes largely lack homology (for review, see Carvalho et al. 2009), which is unexpected under the supposition that the sex chromosomes derive from a pair of autosomes. This lack of homology therefore represents an extreme of genetic differentiation between the sex chromosomes and certa ...
x-linked female-sterile loci in drosophzla melanogaster
... per locus from the two independent screens are similar (Figure 1). Using the data from these mutagenesis screens, the number of loci on the X chromosome has been estimated to be about 100 (KING and MOHLER 1975) (however, see DISCUSSION for a modification of this estimate). If this estimate reflects ...
... per locus from the two independent screens are similar (Figure 1). Using the data from these mutagenesis screens, the number of loci on the X chromosome has been estimated to be about 100 (KING and MOHLER 1975) (however, see DISCUSSION for a modification of this estimate). If this estimate reflects ...
NEOPOLYPLOIDY IN FLOWERING PLANTS
... Despite an enormous literature concerning the biological characteristics of polyploids and their progenitors, most investigations compare naturally occuring established cytotypes. This approach may confound phenotypic differences attributable to ploidy per se with those that result from evolution si ...
... Despite an enormous literature concerning the biological characteristics of polyploids and their progenitors, most investigations compare naturally occuring established cytotypes. This approach may confound phenotypic differences attributable to ploidy per se with those that result from evolution si ...
The Ecology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Meiotic Drive
... system in a target disease vector has been slow owing to challenges in genetic engineering in nonmodel organisms. However, genome editing using the CRISPR–Cas9 system has the potential to rapidly accelerate the field. Several groups have suggested policy or protocols for releasing drive systems, but ...
... system in a target disease vector has been slow owing to challenges in genetic engineering in nonmodel organisms. However, genome editing using the CRISPR–Cas9 system has the potential to rapidly accelerate the field. Several groups have suggested policy or protocols for releasing drive systems, but ...
The relation between reproductive value and genetic contribution
... a Galton-Watson branching process with Poisson offspring distribution with mean 2 (which can be investigated analytically). To understand this result, first observe that the probability that a particular gene is passed down a particular line of descent spanning t successive generations is 2−t and so ...
... a Galton-Watson branching process with Poisson offspring distribution with mean 2 (which can be investigated analytically). To understand this result, first observe that the probability that a particular gene is passed down a particular line of descent spanning t successive generations is 2−t and so ...
Directional Positive Selection on an Allele of Arbitrary
... is the shortest when h ¼ 0.5. When instead selection is weak (i.e., when s , 50 in Figure 1), the approximation becomes worse and the average fixation time increases ...
... is the shortest when h ¼ 0.5. When instead selection is weak (i.e., when s , 50 in Figure 1), the approximation becomes worse and the average fixation time increases ...
Ellstrand 2014
... However, by that time, descriptive population genetic studies with allozymes as genetic markers revealed unexpectedly high levels of intrapopulation variation in a variety of species, including plants. How, then, to explain why drift and various kinds of purifying selection had not purged these wide ...
... However, by that time, descriptive population genetic studies with allozymes as genetic markers revealed unexpectedly high levels of intrapopulation variation in a variety of species, including plants. How, then, to explain why drift and various kinds of purifying selection had not purged these wide ...
Calculation of allele frequencies of breeding
... the population is infinitely large such that chance events don’t affect the equilibrium; the remaining prey organisms will mate at random; no migration occurs within the population; no mutations occur. In nature, these conditions rarely exist, but these conditions serve as a hypothetical sta ...
... the population is infinitely large such that chance events don’t affect the equilibrium; the remaining prey organisms will mate at random; no migration occurs within the population; no mutations occur. In nature, these conditions rarely exist, but these conditions serve as a hypothetical sta ...
3- PARTE I Comparative cytogenetic mapping of Sox2 and
... groups (mammals, birds, fishes), they were not conserved as observed in mammals. Sox14 orthologs are highly diverged in non-mammal groups and Sox2 orthologs are more stable among all vertebrates. The analysis of the genomic blocks containing Sox genes suggest the genes observed in the region are evo ...
... groups (mammals, birds, fishes), they were not conserved as observed in mammals. Sox14 orthologs are highly diverged in non-mammal groups and Sox2 orthologs are more stable among all vertebrates. The analysis of the genomic blocks containing Sox genes suggest the genes observed in the region are evo ...
1 Lecture 6 Mendelian Genetics in Populations: Selection and
... 3. The results of selection can be surprising and complex: a. When selection favors an individual allele, that allele will increase in frequency to fixation, but the details of the process depend on i. The frequency of alleles in the population ii. The strength of selection iii. Whether the allele i ...
... 3. The results of selection can be surprising and complex: a. When selection favors an individual allele, that allele will increase in frequency to fixation, but the details of the process depend on i. The frequency of alleles in the population ii. The strength of selection iii. Whether the allele i ...
A novel arginine substitution mutation in 1A domain and a novel 27
... Figure 2 Mutational analysis of families A and B. (A) Left side of panel shows normal sequence of K12 exon 1 from unaffected member of family A. Right side of panel shows mutant sequence of K12 exon 1 from affected member of family A, representing a heterozygous ARC transversion (arrow) at the third ...
... Figure 2 Mutational analysis of families A and B. (A) Left side of panel shows normal sequence of K12 exon 1 from unaffected member of family A. Right side of panel shows mutant sequence of K12 exon 1 from affected member of family A, representing a heterozygous ARC transversion (arrow) at the third ...
Review Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution
... numerous environmental factors, including both abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic (e.g. social interactions). Environmental factors can influence development by acting at any time after formation of the zygote, or in some cases even before (e.g. maternal effects acting on the unfertilized egg). M ...
... numerous environmental factors, including both abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic (e.g. social interactions). Environmental factors can influence development by acting at any time after formation of the zygote, or in some cases even before (e.g. maternal effects acting on the unfertilized egg). M ...
Directional selection can drive the evolution of
... mainly the stability of the G-matrix over many generations, we may use this equation to infer the net selection pressures responsible for a given differentiation between populations (15). So, the question of stability of the G-matrix under different conditions is relevant for understanding natural ...
... mainly the stability of the G-matrix over many generations, we may use this equation to infer the net selection pressures responsible for a given differentiation between populations (15). So, the question of stability of the G-matrix under different conditions is relevant for understanding natural ...
A REVERSE GENOVARIATION IN DROSOPHILA FUNEBRIS
... homozygous cultures of radius incompletus.' This culture had undergone 24 generations of inbreeding and was therefore not only homozygous for radius incompletus but, more or less, genetically pure. As shown in my other work, in the series of radius incompletus cultures there appear usually some phen ...
... homozygous cultures of radius incompletus.' This culture had undergone 24 generations of inbreeding and was therefore not only homozygous for radius incompletus but, more or less, genetically pure. As shown in my other work, in the series of radius incompletus cultures there appear usually some phen ...
Male-Biased Mutation Rate and Divergence in Autosomal, Z
... adjustment was required to improve the alignment of repetitive sequences. Pairwise distances were estimated by use of the baseml program in PAML version 3.11 (Yang 1997), with the Tamura-Nei (Tamura and Nei 1993) model of sequence evolution. Distances were estimated on the assumption that all sites ...
... adjustment was required to improve the alignment of repetitive sequences. Pairwise distances were estimated by use of the baseml program in PAML version 3.11 (Yang 1997), with the Tamura-Nei (Tamura and Nei 1993) model of sequence evolution. Distances were estimated on the assumption that all sites ...
Scholarly Interest Report
... Genetic interaction networks, computer vision system for animal development and behavioral analysis ...
... Genetic interaction networks, computer vision system for animal development and behavioral analysis ...
Recombination and loss of complementation
... by z segregation will have exactly the same loss of complementation as the parent. In the progeny generated by x segregation, instead, recombination will increase loss of complementation only if crossing over occurs at a site that is between the centromere and the part of the chromosome where comple ...
... by z segregation will have exactly the same loss of complementation as the parent. In the progeny generated by x segregation, instead, recombination will increase loss of complementation only if crossing over occurs at a site that is between the centromere and the part of the chromosome where comple ...
Pre-Lab #5: Inheritance
... Some human traits exhibit the simple dominant and recessive behavior of a monohybrid cross similar to Mendel's peas. However, the expression of most other human traits, including skin color and height, is much more complex and the genetics cannot be easily studied. We will look at a few easily obser ...
... Some human traits exhibit the simple dominant and recessive behavior of a monohybrid cross similar to Mendel's peas. However, the expression of most other human traits, including skin color and height, is much more complex and the genetics cannot be easily studied. We will look at a few easily obser ...
Descended from Darwin
... like genetics, considered the zoologists who clung to Darwinism to be antiquated naturalists rather than true scientists. Another architect of the modern evolutionary synthesis, Ernst Mayr, described the early twentieth century as rife with opposition to Darwinism. He pointed to the threat Darwinism ...
... like genetics, considered the zoologists who clung to Darwinism to be antiquated naturalists rather than true scientists. Another architect of the modern evolutionary synthesis, Ernst Mayr, described the early twentieth century as rife with opposition to Darwinism. He pointed to the threat Darwinism ...
Aalborg Universitet The reason why profitable firms do not necessarily grow
... in which members of the -population that have high values of one characteristic also tend to have high (or low) values of coupled characteristics. This means that when selection acts directly on one characteristic, it also influences the population mean of more or less closely coupled characteristic ...
... in which members of the -population that have high values of one characteristic also tend to have high (or low) values of coupled characteristics. This means that when selection acts directly on one characteristic, it also influences the population mean of more or less closely coupled characteristic ...
BMC Microbiology - ORBi
... B. mongoliense strains isolated from the cheeses The species Bifidobacterium crudilactis was described by [4] on the basis of 10 strains out of 141 isolates from raw milk and two raw milk cheese production chains. Of the 141 isolates, one hundred and thirty-seven were obtained from 34 raw milk chees ...
... B. mongoliense strains isolated from the cheeses The species Bifidobacterium crudilactis was described by [4] on the basis of 10 strains out of 141 isolates from raw milk and two raw milk cheese production chains. Of the 141 isolates, one hundred and thirty-seven were obtained from 34 raw milk chees ...
Using Genetic Algorithms with Asexual Transposition
... phenomena present in living beings exposed to UV ...
... phenomena present in living beings exposed to UV ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.