Evolution of Manipulated Behavior. - The Institute for Environmental
... (Alexander et al. 1991). Hence, the group optimality and communication explanation may be insufficient to account for social triggering among primitively eusocial taxa. In contrast, these forms of social determination would be preferentially expected if social triggering is manipulation. However, th ...
... (Alexander et al. 1991). Hence, the group optimality and communication explanation may be insufficient to account for social triggering among primitively eusocial taxa. In contrast, these forms of social determination would be preferentially expected if social triggering is manipulation. However, th ...
Title of SMI goes here
... Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation of SMIs, PHE and any supporting organisation, shall, to the greatest extent possible under any applicable law, exclude liability for all losses, costs, claims, damages or expenses arising out of or connected with the use of an SMI or any informatio ...
... Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation of SMIs, PHE and any supporting organisation, shall, to the greatest extent possible under any applicable law, exclude liability for all losses, costs, claims, damages or expenses arising out of or connected with the use of an SMI or any informatio ...
Evolution of meiosis genes in sexual vs. asexual Potamopyrgus
... gametes, with one gamete type produced by each mating type, which fuse to create the initial zygote. A successful mature gamete requires altered amounts of DNA (typically a reduction to about half of the parental genetic material) and is usually genetically unique relative to either parent. Eukaryot ...
... gametes, with one gamete type produced by each mating type, which fuse to create the initial zygote. A successful mature gamete requires altered amounts of DNA (typically a reduction to about half of the parental genetic material) and is usually genetically unique relative to either parent. Eukaryot ...
Unraveling the Genetic Etiology of Adult Antisocial
... antisocial personality disorder based on the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM–IV]; [23]. The Tobacco and Alcohol project questionnaire yields scores on seven empirically derived syndrome scales, composed of 32 items that assessed antisocial behavior ...
... antisocial personality disorder based on the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM–IV]; [23]. The Tobacco and Alcohol project questionnaire yields scores on seven empirically derived syndrome scales, composed of 32 items that assessed antisocial behavior ...
Local adaptation, evolutionary potential and host - MiVEGEC
... At the beginning of a simulation each population is founded by 10 randomly chosen individuals among the 16 potential genotypes. Foundation is immediately followed by a reproduction event which allows host and parasite populations to reach their respective fixed population sizes, Nh and Np. This init ...
... At the beginning of a simulation each population is founded by 10 randomly chosen individuals among the 16 potential genotypes. Foundation is immediately followed by a reproduction event which allows host and parasite populations to reach their respective fixed population sizes, Nh and Np. This init ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University
... antisocial personality disorder based on the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM–IV]; [23]. The Tobacco and Alcohol project questionnaire yields scores on seven empirically derived syndrome scales, composed of 32 items that assessed antisocial behavior ...
... antisocial personality disorder based on the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. [DSM–IV]; [23]. The Tobacco and Alcohol project questionnaire yields scores on seven empirically derived syndrome scales, composed of 32 items that assessed antisocial behavior ...
Molecular genetics of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa
... families analysed, indicating that they are polymorphisms and not causative of the retinitis pigmentosa mutation. In particular, the P67S sequence variant in NRL is of particular interest because it affects an amino acid residue that is highly conserved across evolution (it is present even in the ch ...
... families analysed, indicating that they are polymorphisms and not causative of the retinitis pigmentosa mutation. In particular, the P67S sequence variant in NRL is of particular interest because it affects an amino acid residue that is highly conserved across evolution (it is present even in the ch ...
The Gopher Tortoise
... beetle, gopher cricket, and the gopher moth, are obligates, which means they are rarely found anywhere but in the burrows that the tortoise digs. Many invertebrates, such as worms, scorpions, spiders, ticks, and flies also inhabit the burrow. Ants and beetles are probably the most common. As many as ...
... beetle, gopher cricket, and the gopher moth, are obligates, which means they are rarely found anywhere but in the burrows that the tortoise digs. Many invertebrates, such as worms, scorpions, spiders, ticks, and flies also inhabit the burrow. Ants and beetles are probably the most common. As many as ...
Life History Shapes Trait Heredity by Accumulation of
... history shapes its genotype–phenotype map through accumulation of genetic variation that is adaptive, neutral, or deleterious in a particular ecological context. Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, possesses several life history features that together make it an interesting model for elucidatio ...
... history shapes its genotype–phenotype map through accumulation of genetic variation that is adaptive, neutral, or deleterious in a particular ecological context. Baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, possesses several life history features that together make it an interesting model for elucidatio ...
Article A Distinct Mitochondrial Genome with DUI
... Arctica islandica (Linnaeus 1767) belongs to the Heterodonta, order Veneroida and is the sole living representative of the Arcticidae family (Morton 2011). This species, known as the longest-lived non colonial species with a maximum reported life span of 507 years, is of great interest for studies o ...
... Arctica islandica (Linnaeus 1767) belongs to the Heterodonta, order Veneroida and is the sole living representative of the Arcticidae family (Morton 2011). This species, known as the longest-lived non colonial species with a maximum reported life span of 507 years, is of great interest for studies o ...
Secondary sexual ornaments as signals: the handicap approach
... present the handicap principle as the ESS solution for the evolution of signals, and predict that, at equilibrium, biological signals will be handicaps. In other words, according to these recent views, if we apply the optimization approach in studying animal communication, using ESS models and assum ...
... present the handicap principle as the ESS solution for the evolution of signals, and predict that, at equilibrium, biological signals will be handicaps. In other words, according to these recent views, if we apply the optimization approach in studying animal communication, using ESS models and assum ...
Snímek 1
... (5) meiotic elimination in some species is counter-balanced by processes of drive at mitosis, mainly in the gametophytes, and less frequently at meiosis (equilibrium frequencies in populations) (6) neutral effects; negative and quantitative effects on the phenotype when present in high numbers (redu ...
... (5) meiotic elimination in some species is counter-balanced by processes of drive at mitosis, mainly in the gametophytes, and less frequently at meiosis (equilibrium frequencies in populations) (6) neutral effects; negative and quantitative effects on the phenotype when present in high numbers (redu ...
The Philosophy of Molecular and Developmental Biology
... There is no doubt that developmental constraints exist (Maynard Smith, Burian et al. 1985). A constraint can be defined fairly uncontentiously as a bias in the production of variation in a population. But there is little agreement about the evolutionary importance of constraints. Even more important ...
... There is no doubt that developmental constraints exist (Maynard Smith, Burian et al. 1985). A constraint can be defined fairly uncontentiously as a bias in the production of variation in a population. But there is little agreement about the evolutionary importance of constraints. Even more important ...
Field identification guide to Heard Island and McDonald
... a better understanding of the community structure of benthic habitats throughout the HIMI region. However, in order to obtain additional data of benthos and benthic habitats, observers aboard commercial and research vessels are required to identify and weigh all invertebrate by-catch within the HIMI ...
... a better understanding of the community structure of benthic habitats throughout the HIMI region. However, in order to obtain additional data of benthos and benthic habitats, observers aboard commercial and research vessels are required to identify and weigh all invertebrate by-catch within the HIMI ...
Correlation between sequence divergence and polymorphism
... population plastid sequencing (Table 1). These populations were chosen because they span the geographic range of C. americanum and were known to differ genetically based on sequencing of individual chloroplast loci (Barnard-Kubow et al., unpublished results). VA individuals were transplanted from th ...
... population plastid sequencing (Table 1). These populations were chosen because they span the geographic range of C. americanum and were known to differ genetically based on sequencing of individual chloroplast loci (Barnard-Kubow et al., unpublished results). VA individuals were transplanted from th ...
Rediscovery of the species of `ancestral Volvox`
... Janetosphaera) aureus formed a large monophyletic group (Volvox–Pleodorina clade). These three species of Pleodorina constituted a small clade that was sister to V. aureus within the Volvox–Pleodorina clade, and P. sphaerica was basal to two other species of Pleodorina without posterior somatic cell ...
... Janetosphaera) aureus formed a large monophyletic group (Volvox–Pleodorina clade). These three species of Pleodorina constituted a small clade that was sister to V. aureus within the Volvox–Pleodorina clade, and P. sphaerica was basal to two other species of Pleodorina without posterior somatic cell ...
June 2015 Question Paper 41
... coastal grasslands in California. An annual plant is one that grows, flowers, produces seeds and dies in less than one year. The tarplant used to be widely spread in California, but there are now only nine natural populations. It is listed as an endangered species. (a) (i) ...
... coastal grasslands in California. An annual plant is one that grows, flowers, produces seeds and dies in less than one year. The tarplant used to be widely spread in California, but there are now only nine natural populations. It is listed as an endangered species. (a) (i) ...
Horner VL, Caspary T. Methods Mol Biol. 2011;770:313-36. Creating a hopeful monster: mouse forward genetic screens.
... more easily narrow down the region in which a mutation lies. Further, we now know exactly how many genes are in any particular region. This information, combined with available gene expression data, makes it easier to prioritize which genes to sequence to find the causative mutation. Second, mutagen ...
... more easily narrow down the region in which a mutation lies. Further, we now know exactly how many genes are in any particular region. This information, combined with available gene expression data, makes it easier to prioritize which genes to sequence to find the causative mutation. Second, mutagen ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... that came to participate in evolutionary processes in their own right (Maynard Smith and Szathmary 1995; Michod 1999; Okasha 2006). This involved a hierarchical shift in the level of selection and with it the emergence of new kinds of biological individuals – individuals whose success very often cur ...
... that came to participate in evolutionary processes in their own right (Maynard Smith and Szathmary 1995; Michod 1999; Okasha 2006). This involved a hierarchical shift in the level of selection and with it the emergence of new kinds of biological individuals – individuals whose success very often cur ...
Familial Aortopathy — Gene Panels
... dissection or rupture occurs, with devastating consequences. TAAD has been described as having the features of several clinical conditions that are sometimes difficult to distinguish from one another. The tests in question would allow a definitive diagnosis, stratification of the associated risks, a ...
... dissection or rupture occurs, with devastating consequences. TAAD has been described as having the features of several clinical conditions that are sometimes difficult to distinguish from one another. The tests in question would allow a definitive diagnosis, stratification of the associated risks, a ...
NIETZSCHE AND EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Poststructuralisl thinkers lend re/alionship
... increase of each species, at some age, season, or year, a severe struggle for life, and this certainly cannot be disputed: then, considering the infinite diversity in structure, constitution, and habits, to be advantageous to them, I think it would be a most extraordinary fact if no variation ever h ...
... increase of each species, at some age, season, or year, a severe struggle for life, and this certainly cannot be disputed: then, considering the infinite diversity in structure, constitution, and habits, to be advantageous to them, I think it would be a most extraordinary fact if no variation ever h ...
Supplemental Tables
... probes for genes on the fourth chromosome of D. melanogaster and found that they hybridized to the most basal section of the third chromosome. Thus, the dot chromosome or Muller element F has apparently fused to the E element in D. willistoni. D. virilis Chromosome Map Preparation. The sequenced st ...
... probes for genes on the fourth chromosome of D. melanogaster and found that they hybridized to the most basal section of the third chromosome. Thus, the dot chromosome or Muller element F has apparently fused to the E element in D. willistoni. D. virilis Chromosome Map Preparation. The sequenced st ...
A disproportionate role for mtDNA in DobzhanskyMuller
... M I T O N U C L E A R C O A D A P T A T I O N A N D S P E C I A T I O N 4943 their respective genetic backgrounds, neither has been evolutionarily ‘tested’ on the background of the second population. F1 hybrids have both the wild-type A and B alleles and the a and b mutant alleles; with all alleles ...
... M I T O N U C L E A R C O A D A P T A T I O N A N D S P E C I A T I O N 4943 their respective genetic backgrounds, neither has been evolutionarily ‘tested’ on the background of the second population. F1 hybrids have both the wild-type A and B alleles and the a and b mutant alleles; with all alleles ...
Fisher`s Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection Revisited
... are linearly related to the average effects. But he doubts that Fisher would have accepted this interpretation since, although Fisher could have presented his theorem in this way, he did not. Moreover, in Price's clarification of Fisher's derivation of the FTNS, the central statement that ``any incr ...
... are linearly related to the average effects. But he doubts that Fisher would have accepted this interpretation since, although Fisher could have presented his theorem in this way, he did not. Moreover, in Price's clarification of Fisher's derivation of the FTNS, the central statement that ``any incr ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.