General and Systematic ENTOMOLOGY
... Only Archeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Zygentoma are primarily wingless. Other orders (subclass Pterygota [winged insects]) are primarily winged. If winglessness occurs here, it is only secondary (e.g. Siphonaptera [fleas]). In secondarily wingless groups one often sees that their closest rela ...
... Only Archeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Zygentoma are primarily wingless. Other orders (subclass Pterygota [winged insects]) are primarily winged. If winglessness occurs here, it is only secondary (e.g. Siphonaptera [fleas]). In secondarily wingless groups one often sees that their closest rela ...
The Welfare of Transgenic Animals
... sometimes it just forces us to reassess our acceptance of the current practice. So an outcome of deeper consideration of the ethics of genetically modified animals may be a reassessment of our ethical acceptance of non-transgenic current farming and breeding practices. Transgenic animals are certain ...
... sometimes it just forces us to reassess our acceptance of the current practice. So an outcome of deeper consideration of the ethics of genetically modified animals may be a reassessment of our ethical acceptance of non-transgenic current farming and breeding practices. Transgenic animals are certain ...
Epistasis in Polygenic Traits and the Evolution of Genetic
... are so-called complex quantitative traits; that is, they vary along a quantitative scale and are influenced by more than one or two genes (they are polygenic). A major challenge of current quantitative genetics is to elucidate the genetic architecture of these traits (for a recent review, see Mackay ...
... are so-called complex quantitative traits; that is, they vary along a quantitative scale and are influenced by more than one or two genes (they are polygenic). A major challenge of current quantitative genetics is to elucidate the genetic architecture of these traits (for a recent review, see Mackay ...
Hybrid Dysfunction: Population Genetic and Quantitative Genetic
... Demuth and Wade (2005) sought to compare the TurelliOrr model of hybrid dysfunction with a traditional quantitative genetics model with additive, dominance, and epistatic effects that can be estimated from line-cross data. They concluded that the two approaches can be understood in common terms when ...
... Demuth and Wade (2005) sought to compare the TurelliOrr model of hybrid dysfunction with a traditional quantitative genetics model with additive, dominance, and epistatic effects that can be estimated from line-cross data. They concluded that the two approaches can be understood in common terms when ...
Not all mutant phenotypes are equally informative. Forward genetics
... fact: it’s easier to mess things up than to make them better ...
... fact: it’s easier to mess things up than to make them better ...
ovo D1
... Geneticists make mutations that disrupt normal gene functions (thereby creating a functional difference between alleles) to discover what genes do what …so they can tell biochemists where to look to learn how those genes do what they do (…and sometimes geneticists can learn a thing or two about “how ...
... Geneticists make mutations that disrupt normal gene functions (thereby creating a functional difference between alleles) to discover what genes do what …so they can tell biochemists where to look to learn how those genes do what they do (…and sometimes geneticists can learn a thing or two about “how ...
Marty Ferris
... which populations of lizards were transplanted between field sites in New Jersey and Nebraska. They state that field experiments such as this are "more likely to reveal evolutionary and ecologically important differences between populations" than lab experiments, but they also mention that only labo ...
... which populations of lizards were transplanted between field sites in New Jersey and Nebraska. They state that field experiments such as this are "more likely to reveal evolutionary and ecologically important differences between populations" than lab experiments, but they also mention that only labo ...
AP Biology Lab 8/pdf
... traits. Population studies of left-handedness are among the most fascinating and controversial of all. Many studies indicate that left-handed people are more prone to death from various diseases and accidents. Since left-handedness seems to be inherited, there should be selection pressure against it ...
... traits. Population studies of left-handedness are among the most fascinating and controversial of all. Many studies indicate that left-handed people are more prone to death from various diseases and accidents. Since left-handedness seems to be inherited, there should be selection pressure against it ...
the genetics of the golden-winged x blue
... the primary factor. In a region such as central New York, where the Goldenwinged is the dominant species and the Blue-winged of purely fortuitous occurrence, a hybrid would be limited to Golden-winged Warblers in its choice of mates. However, in a well-studied area such as the lower Hudson Valley, w ...
... the primary factor. In a region such as central New York, where the Goldenwinged is the dominant species and the Blue-winged of purely fortuitous occurrence, a hybrid would be limited to Golden-winged Warblers in its choice of mates. However, in a well-studied area such as the lower Hudson Valley, w ...
Flipped Lesson Work Year 11 Additional GCSE Flipped lesson 1
... Explain what digestion means by using the following keywords “digestion, insoluble, food molecules, large, small, broken, soluble, absorbed, bloodstream”. Use the information to label the structures on your digestive system diagram. Explain what happens at each part of the digestive system. ...
... Explain what digestion means by using the following keywords “digestion, insoluble, food molecules, large, small, broken, soluble, absorbed, bloodstream”. Use the information to label the structures on your digestive system diagram. Explain what happens at each part of the digestive system. ...
De novo mutations in human genetic disease
... to a monogenic basis of disease, with the mutation representing a single event of large effect. This contrasts with the multifactorial model, which invokes the interplay of many genetic and non-genetic factors of small effect in any individual patient. Thus, although it needs to be acknowledged that ...
... to a monogenic basis of disease, with the mutation representing a single event of large effect. This contrasts with the multifactorial model, which invokes the interplay of many genetic and non-genetic factors of small effect in any individual patient. Thus, although it needs to be acknowledged that ...
Mutualism and asexual reproduction influence recognition genes in a fungal... M.A. van der Nest1, E.T. Steenkamp2, P.M.... Wingfield1 and B. Slippers1*
... In this study, we considered the ancient and obligate symbiotic relationship between the wood-rotting fungus Amylostereum areolatum and its hymenopteran Siricid insect partner, Sirex noctilio. In this relationship, the fungus is necessary for the development of the larvae, while the woodwasp spreads ...
... In this study, we considered the ancient and obligate symbiotic relationship between the wood-rotting fungus Amylostereum areolatum and its hymenopteran Siricid insect partner, Sirex noctilio. In this relationship, the fungus is necessary for the development of the larvae, while the woodwasp spreads ...
Instinct in the `50s: The British Reception of Konrad - Philsci
... “Such innate, species-specific motor patterns represent characters that must have behaved like morphological characters in the course of evolution. Indeed, they must have behaved like particularly conservative characters.” (Lorenz 1996, 237, his ...
... “Such innate, species-specific motor patterns represent characters that must have behaved like morphological characters in the course of evolution. Indeed, they must have behaved like particularly conservative characters.” (Lorenz 1996, 237, his ...
Comparative Genomics
... We can better understand evolution/ speciation We can find important, functional regions of the sequence (codons, promoters, regulatory regions) It can help us locate genes in other species that are missing or not welldefined (also through comparison and alignments). Quality control! ...
... We can better understand evolution/ speciation We can find important, functional regions of the sequence (codons, promoters, regulatory regions) It can help us locate genes in other species that are missing or not welldefined (also through comparison and alignments). Quality control! ...
Haldane`s rule: a defense of the meiotic drive theory
... my theory without further ad hoc assumptions and deserve further attention. These observations do not, however, directly contradict a prediction of my theory. Divergence of drive. —The assumption that divergence of sex chromosome drive systems occurs sufficiently often to explain Haldane's rule woul ...
... my theory without further ad hoc assumptions and deserve further attention. These observations do not, however, directly contradict a prediction of my theory. Divergence of drive. —The assumption that divergence of sex chromosome drive systems occurs sufficiently often to explain Haldane's rule woul ...
Screening Mutant Libraries of Fungal Laccases in the Presence of
... was inoculated with standard (parent type), and 1 well (H1) was not inoculated (control). Plates were wrapped in parafilm (to prevent evaporation) and incubated at 30 °C and 210 rpm (Micromagmix shaker, Ovan, Spain). After 45 h, 160 µL of expression medium was added to each well, and the plates were ...
... was inoculated with standard (parent type), and 1 well (H1) was not inoculated (control). Plates were wrapped in parafilm (to prevent evaporation) and incubated at 30 °C and 210 rpm (Micromagmix shaker, Ovan, Spain). After 45 h, 160 µL of expression medium was added to each well, and the plates were ...
Sample Instructions
... out. The newly emerged fly is rather long and the wings appear shortened. After a short time, the body becomes round and the wings assume their full length. Newly emerged flies are lighter in color than older flies. The ADULT flies may live several weeks. The female mates about 10 hours after emergi ...
... out. The newly emerged fly is rather long and the wings appear shortened. After a short time, the body becomes round and the wings assume their full length. Newly emerged flies are lighter in color than older flies. The ADULT flies may live several weeks. The female mates about 10 hours after emergi ...
phage interactions - Experimental Evolution of Communities
... Numerous theoretical and experimental studies have investigated antagonistic co-evolution between parasites and their hosts. Although experimental tests of theory from a range of biological systems are largely concordant regarding the influence of several driving processes, we know little as to how ...
... Numerous theoretical and experimental studies have investigated antagonistic co-evolution between parasites and their hosts. Although experimental tests of theory from a range of biological systems are largely concordant regarding the influence of several driving processes, we know little as to how ...
Evolution of Functionally Diverse Alleles
... modes of subsistence (such as hunting/gathering, pastoralism, agriculture, and agro-pastoralism) may have different frequencies of genetic variants at TAS2R38 due to selection pressure resulting from highly diverse diets. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined nucleotide sequence variation wi ...
... modes of subsistence (such as hunting/gathering, pastoralism, agriculture, and agro-pastoralism) may have different frequencies of genetic variants at TAS2R38 due to selection pressure resulting from highly diverse diets. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined nucleotide sequence variation wi ...
Figure Captions - Blackwell Publishing
... ⎟ at a given allele frequency. Larger standard errors for allele frequency are another way of saying that frequency ⎜ σ = ...
... ⎟ at a given allele frequency. Larger standard errors for allele frequency are another way of saying that frequency ⎜ σ = ...
Directional Selection on a discrete trait
... A greater rate of nonsynonymous substitutions (Ka) than synonymous (Ks) is used as an indication of positive selection (Ka/Ks >1) If Ks > Ka, or Ka/Ks < 1, that would suggest purifying selection, that selection might be preserving amino acid composition ...
... A greater rate of nonsynonymous substitutions (Ka) than synonymous (Ks) is used as an indication of positive selection (Ka/Ks >1) If Ks > Ka, or Ka/Ks < 1, that would suggest purifying selection, that selection might be preserving amino acid composition ...
Strong ecological but weak evolutionary effects of elevated CO
... the RIL population is high even for traits for which the parental genotypes are phenotypically similar. Accordingly, because the RILs were propagated without selection, the 164 lines used here are expected to represent a broader range of genetic and phenotypic variation than would be present in a hi ...
... the RIL population is high even for traits for which the parental genotypes are phenotypically similar. Accordingly, because the RILs were propagated without selection, the 164 lines used here are expected to represent a broader range of genetic and phenotypic variation than would be present in a hi ...
Findings of the 2008 / 2010 Frog Census
... While other animals, such as crocodiles and birds, can live on and in water they are not necessarily amphibians. Amphibians are ectothermic vertebrates that have a glandular skin and breath by means of lungs, gills or skins. Most amphibians have two distinct life phases begging with an aquatic larva ...
... While other animals, such as crocodiles and birds, can live on and in water they are not necessarily amphibians. Amphibians are ectothermic vertebrates that have a glandular skin and breath by means of lungs, gills or skins. Most amphibians have two distinct life phases begging with an aquatic larva ...
Article
... sexual gametes they produce are not. One of several possible causes of this gamete inviability is incompatibility between genes from different species—such incompatible genes are usually called ‘‘speciation genes.’’ In diploid F1 hybrids, which contain a complete haploid genome from each species, th ...
... sexual gametes they produce are not. One of several possible causes of this gamete inviability is incompatibility between genes from different species—such incompatible genes are usually called ‘‘speciation genes.’’ In diploid F1 hybrids, which contain a complete haploid genome from each species, th ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.