Population Genetics - National Open University of Nigeria
... The basic laws of heredity are the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment as formulated by Mendel in his experiment on garden peas. However, it was later realised that there are questions about the population that cannot be addressed by mere application of Mendelian laws of heredit ...
... The basic laws of heredity are the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment as formulated by Mendel in his experiment on garden peas. However, it was later realised that there are questions about the population that cannot be addressed by mere application of Mendelian laws of heredit ...
Geographic Mode of Speciation and Genomic Divergence
... building up favorable combinations of locally adapted genes and migration and recombination breaking them down and homogenizing populations (Felsenstein 1976, 1981; Gavrilets 2004). Hence, genomic features that reduce recombination between populations (e.g., chromosomal inversions, translocations or ...
... building up favorable combinations of locally adapted genes and migration and recombination breaking them down and homogenizing populations (Felsenstein 1976, 1981; Gavrilets 2004). Hence, genomic features that reduce recombination between populations (e.g., chromosomal inversions, translocations or ...
Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution
... numerous environmental factors, including both abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic (e.g. social interactions). Environmental factors can influence development by acting at any time after formation of the zygote, or in some cases even before (e.g. maternal effects acting on the unfertilized egg). M ...
... numerous environmental factors, including both abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic (e.g. social interactions). Environmental factors can influence development by acting at any time after formation of the zygote, or in some cases even before (e.g. maternal effects acting on the unfertilized egg). M ...
PDF file - Department of Biology
... numerous environmental factors, including both abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic (e.g. social interactions). Environmental factors can influence development by acting at any time after formation of the zygote, or in some cases even before (e.g. maternal effects acting on the unfertilized egg). M ...
... numerous environmental factors, including both abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic (e.g. social interactions). Environmental factors can influence development by acting at any time after formation of the zygote, or in some cases even before (e.g. maternal effects acting on the unfertilized egg). M ...
Levels of inbreeding depression over seven generations of selfing in
... et al., 2001a,b), as long as inbreeding depression is not substantially ‘purged’ from populations after continued inbreeding, as could occur if inbreeding depression were caused by many recessive deleterious alleles scattered throughout the genome (Charlesworth & Charlesworth, 1987; Lande et al., 19 ...
... et al., 2001a,b), as long as inbreeding depression is not substantially ‘purged’ from populations after continued inbreeding, as could occur if inbreeding depression were caused by many recessive deleterious alleles scattered throughout the genome (Charlesworth & Charlesworth, 1987; Lande et al., 19 ...
Towards an accurate identification of mosaic genes and
... horizontal gene transfer plays the role of the species tree. For instance, 16S rRNA or 23S rRNA genes may also undergo HGT, but they seem to do it at a relatively low rate (38). The tree T must be rooted with respect to the available evolutionary evidence. If no plausible evidence for rooting T exis ...
... horizontal gene transfer plays the role of the species tree. For instance, 16S rRNA or 23S rRNA genes may also undergo HGT, but they seem to do it at a relatively low rate (38). The tree T must be rooted with respect to the available evolutionary evidence. If no plausible evidence for rooting T exis ...
Evolutionary advantages and drawbacks of uni- versus bi
... or outcrossing, strongly affect important ecological and evolutionary processes. Large variation in mating systems exists in fungi, allowing the study of their origins and consequences. In fungi, sexual incompatibility is determined by molecular recognition mechanisms, controlled by a single mating ...
... or outcrossing, strongly affect important ecological and evolutionary processes. Large variation in mating systems exists in fungi, allowing the study of their origins and consequences. In fungi, sexual incompatibility is determined by molecular recognition mechanisms, controlled by a single mating ...
P-Element Transformation with period Locus DNA Restores
... biological rhythms. Different mutant alleles at this X-chromosomal locus can lengthen (per” and perLq, shorten (per”), or abolish (per”’ and per”) circadian rhythms (reviewed by Konopka, 1984). These mutations similarly affect a short-term oscillation in the male’s courtship song (Kyriacou and Hall, ...
... biological rhythms. Different mutant alleles at this X-chromosomal locus can lengthen (per” and perLq, shorten (per”), or abolish (per”’ and per”) circadian rhythms (reviewed by Konopka, 1984). These mutations similarly affect a short-term oscillation in the male’s courtship song (Kyriacou and Hall, ...
Genetic Equilibrium: Human Diversity Student Version
... In standard Mendelian genetics, the heterozygous condition (e.g. Aa) retains the homozygous dominant phenotype because the dominant allele masks the phenotype of the recessive allele. An example of this in humans would be a heterozygote for brown eye color. The person would carry both a dominant bro ...
... In standard Mendelian genetics, the heterozygous condition (e.g. Aa) retains the homozygous dominant phenotype because the dominant allele masks the phenotype of the recessive allele. An example of this in humans would be a heterozygote for brown eye color. The person would carry both a dominant bro ...
Diverse Subgroup Set Discovery using a Novel Genetic Algorithm
... on within a same group and at least one bit is on. 5) Twin removal: In our Algorithm, we never allowed it to have twin in any population. Before entering any pattern sets if we found any twin, we rejected it and created new one. We have done this until found a distinct valid pattern set. 6) Handling ...
... on within a same group and at least one bit is on. 5) Twin removal: In our Algorithm, we never allowed it to have twin in any population. Before entering any pattern sets if we found any twin, we rejected it and created new one. We have done this until found a distinct valid pattern set. 6) Handling ...
Evolution and selection of trichromatic vision in primates
... Trichromatic colour vision is of considerable importance to primates but is absent in other eutherian mammals. Primate colour vision is traditionally believed to have evolved for finding food in the forest. Recent work has tested the ecological importance of trichromacy to primates, both by measurin ...
... Trichromatic colour vision is of considerable importance to primates but is absent in other eutherian mammals. Primate colour vision is traditionally believed to have evolved for finding food in the forest. Recent work has tested the ecological importance of trichromacy to primates, both by measurin ...
hered short rev master..hered 366 .. Page265
... The colour patterns of butterfly wings result from the 2-D matrix of scale cells arranged like tiles on a roof. Each scale cell contains a single colour pigment. Comparative analyses of the wings of butterflies have shown that their pattern elements - bands, eyespots or chevrons - form a system of h ...
... The colour patterns of butterfly wings result from the 2-D matrix of scale cells arranged like tiles on a roof. Each scale cell contains a single colour pigment. Comparative analyses of the wings of butterflies have shown that their pattern elements - bands, eyespots or chevrons - form a system of h ...
An Analytically Tractable Model for Competitive Speciation
... the genetically explicit version of the model, these forces act on two or three different traits, each of which is influenced by multiple loci. Our aim in this study is to gain a more thorough understanding of the phenomena in competitive speciation models by a systematic analytical treatment. To th ...
... the genetically explicit version of the model, these forces act on two or three different traits, each of which is influenced by multiple loci. Our aim in this study is to gain a more thorough understanding of the phenomena in competitive speciation models by a systematic analytical treatment. To th ...
1 Word count: title, abstract, body, notes, references - Philsci
... Wright’s two interpretations of the diagram can be shown to be equivalent. Without these demonstrations, Ruse’s critique is inconclusive. Whatever is to be made of the Provine–Ruse technical disagreement over interpreting the diagram, I do not think it matters much to understanding the adaptive lan ...
... Wright’s two interpretations of the diagram can be shown to be equivalent. Without these demonstrations, Ruse’s critique is inconclusive. Whatever is to be made of the Provine–Ruse technical disagreement over interpreting the diagram, I do not think it matters much to understanding the adaptive lan ...
Sporadic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Due to De Novo Myosin
... multiple affected relatives, and must have one affected parent. Sporadic occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is defined by similar anatomical and clinical features in an individual whose parents do not have the condition (6, 15). Estimation of the fraction of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that o ...
... multiple affected relatives, and must have one affected parent. Sporadic occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is defined by similar anatomical and clinical features in an individual whose parents do not have the condition (6, 15). Estimation of the fraction of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that o ...
Towards an accurate identification of mosaic genes and partial
... HGT inferring method. While working on a fullgenome scale, the new method can be used to assess the level of mosaicism in the considered genomes as well as the rates of complete and partial HGT underlying their evolution. INTRODUCTION Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) (also called lateral gene transfer ...
... HGT inferring method. While working on a fullgenome scale, the new method can be used to assess the level of mosaicism in the considered genomes as well as the rates of complete and partial HGT underlying their evolution. INTRODUCTION Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) (also called lateral gene transfer ...
Introduction - GEOCITIES.ws
... 399 individuals out of 400 have five digits per appendage. Dominance/recessiveness relationships have three important points. • 1) They range from complete dominance, though various degrees of incomplete dominance, to codominance. • 2) They reflect the mechanisms by which specific alleles are ex ...
... 399 individuals out of 400 have five digits per appendage. Dominance/recessiveness relationships have three important points. • 1) They range from complete dominance, though various degrees of incomplete dominance, to codominance. • 2) They reflect the mechanisms by which specific alleles are ex ...
Unit 6 Heredity Chp 14 Mendelian Genetics Notes
... The reappearance of white-flowered plants in the F2 generation indicated that the heritable factor for the white trait was not diluted or “blended” by coexisting with the purple-flower factor in F1 hybrids. ...
... The reappearance of white-flowered plants in the F2 generation indicated that the heritable factor for the white trait was not diluted or “blended” by coexisting with the purple-flower factor in F1 hybrids. ...
INTRODUCTION - Mount Holyoke College
... die as embryos with defects in their muscle structure. howe44 is a point mutation induced by ethyl methane sulfonate. The missense mutation lies in the KH RNA binding domain (a conserved region of the gene product) and replaces an arginine residue with a cysteine residue. howe44/Df(3R)93FX2 flies ex ...
... die as embryos with defects in their muscle structure. howe44 is a point mutation induced by ethyl methane sulfonate. The missense mutation lies in the KH RNA binding domain (a conserved region of the gene product) and replaces an arginine residue with a cysteine residue. howe44/Df(3R)93FX2 flies ex ...
Bully for Brontosaurus - A Website About Stephen Jay Gould`s
... Cavalli-Sforza was a pioneer in using genetic analysis (primarily blood type and protein analysis in the 1960’s, as this predated modern gene sequencing techniques) to identify relationships among different peoples. Despite its greater age, scientists did not think that linguistics could play a role ...
... Cavalli-Sforza was a pioneer in using genetic analysis (primarily blood type and protein analysis in the 1960’s, as this predated modern gene sequencing techniques) to identify relationships among different peoples. Despite its greater age, scientists did not think that linguistics could play a role ...
Parent–offspring conflict and the genetics of offspring solicitation
... occur at any given moment, unstable cycling is a potential source of genetic variation. The direct empirical demonstration of arms races in parent–offspring communication may be difficult because cycles may ‘turn’ very slowly, that is, over many generations (Parker & Macnair 1979). An unstable arms ...
... occur at any given moment, unstable cycling is a potential source of genetic variation. The direct empirical demonstration of arms races in parent–offspring communication may be difficult because cycles may ‘turn’ very slowly, that is, over many generations (Parker & Macnair 1979). An unstable arms ...
Obtaining genetic testing in pediatric epilepsy
... NGS does not provide a panacea for genetic diagnosis. Mutations in noncoding areas and introns are not covered by NGS technology as applied to WES. Triplet repeats, as in fragile X, abnormal methylation, as in Angelman syndrome, and some large insertions, deletions, and duplications can be missed by ...
... NGS does not provide a panacea for genetic diagnosis. Mutations in noncoding areas and introns are not covered by NGS technology as applied to WES. Triplet repeats, as in fragile X, abnormal methylation, as in Angelman syndrome, and some large insertions, deletions, and duplications can be missed by ...
Word file (68 KB )
... Drosophila cdk7ts1 mutants shows cell cycle but no transcription defects Cdk7 1. cdk7ts1 flies are fully viable at the permissive temperature (18C) and exhibit complete lethality at the restrictive temperature (27C). Between 25C and 26C a small proportion of the cdk7ts1 flies survive. Conditions ...
... Drosophila cdk7ts1 mutants shows cell cycle but no transcription defects Cdk7 1. cdk7ts1 flies are fully viable at the permissive temperature (18C) and exhibit complete lethality at the restrictive temperature (27C). Between 25C and 26C a small proportion of the cdk7ts1 flies survive. Conditions ...
Scaling law characterizing the dynamics of the transition of HIV
... the parameters listed. Data for each parameter sweep is colour coded. For each parameter setting, variations in μ are depicted using a symbol type. The details of the parameter values employed are in table S1. The corresponding variations of μc are in figure S5. The black line represents the best-fit ...
... the parameters listed. Data for each parameter sweep is colour coded. For each parameter setting, variations in μ are depicted using a symbol type. The details of the parameter values employed are in table S1. The corresponding variations of μc are in figure S5. The black line represents the best-fit ...
Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes
... and time, however, this prediction does not hold (Gavrilets and Scheiner 1993). Environments that are highly variable provide a number of different ecological niches that a population can exploit for survival (Elena and Sanjuan 2003), and since the adaptive landscape reacts dynamically to a changing ...
... and time, however, this prediction does not hold (Gavrilets and Scheiner 1993). Environments that are highly variable provide a number of different ecological niches that a population can exploit for survival (Elena and Sanjuan 2003), and since the adaptive landscape reacts dynamically to a changing ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.