Molecular evidence for the existence of additional members of the
... al., 1997), have been described. Nucleic acid sequence analysis indicates that they probably belong to the family Chlamydiaceae, but not within one of the four currently recognized species. Both strains seem to be able to infect humans, causing respiratory tract infections (Birtles et al., 1997; Lie ...
... al., 1997), have been described. Nucleic acid sequence analysis indicates that they probably belong to the family Chlamydiaceae, but not within one of the four currently recognized species. Both strains seem to be able to infect humans, causing respiratory tract infections (Birtles et al., 1997; Lie ...
Papaver(Papaver2)
... Kiger & Murray (1997) include the 'labradoricum' entity in their P. radicatum subsp. radicatum, but that is based on the probably erroneous Greenlandic typification of P. radicatum. If there is anything at all of importance in capsule shape and leaf dissection, subsp. labradoricum belongs in P. lapp ...
... Kiger & Murray (1997) include the 'labradoricum' entity in their P. radicatum subsp. radicatum, but that is based on the probably erroneous Greenlandic typification of P. radicatum. If there is anything at all of importance in capsule shape and leaf dissection, subsp. labradoricum belongs in P. lapp ...
Phenotype
... reproduction and asexual reproduction. 2) Explain why the offspring made by sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction. 3) Imagine a virus infects both populations of offspring and kills only red eyed flies. Which population of offspring is most likely to survive: the population of sexuall ...
... reproduction and asexual reproduction. 2) Explain why the offspring made by sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction. 3) Imagine a virus infects both populations of offspring and kills only red eyed flies. Which population of offspring is most likely to survive: the population of sexuall ...
The causal meaning of Fisher`s average effect
... contains a gene of a certain allelic type, say A1 , we change it to A2 . This experimental intervention may lead to a value of the focal phenotype at the time of measurement that differs from what it would have been if the intervention had not been performed. Falconer reasoned that the expected magni ...
... contains a gene of a certain allelic type, say A1 , we change it to A2 . This experimental intervention may lead to a value of the focal phenotype at the time of measurement that differs from what it would have been if the intervention had not been performed. Falconer reasoned that the expected magni ...
Section 28–1 Introduction to the Arthropods
... b. All arthropod exoskeletons are the same shape. c. Lobster exoskeletons cannot be crushed by hand. d. An exoskeleton is an external covering. 5. What are appendages? ...
... b. All arthropod exoskeletons are the same shape. c. Lobster exoskeletons cannot be crushed by hand. d. An exoskeleton is an external covering. 5. What are appendages? ...
On Sexual Reproduction as a New Critique of the Theory of Natural
... because they would have a long time available for making copies of themselves. Replicators of high longevity would therefore tend to become more numerous and, other things being equal, there would have been an ‘evolutionary trend’ towards greater longevity in the population of molecules. But other t ...
... because they would have a long time available for making copies of themselves. Replicators of high longevity would therefore tend to become more numerous and, other things being equal, there would have been an ‘evolutionary trend’ towards greater longevity in the population of molecules. But other t ...
PPTX - Tandy Warnow
... • MetaPhyler, MetaPhlAn, and mOTU are marker-based techniques (but use different marker genes). ...
... • MetaPhyler, MetaPhlAn, and mOTU are marker-based techniques (but use different marker genes). ...
Adaptation of Drosophila to a novel laboratory environment reveals
... whereas adaptation decelerated markedly (Barrick et al. 2009). In contrast, allele frequency changes (AFCs), rather than new mutations, fuel experimental evolution in multicellular organisms (Burke et al. 2010). In these organisms, the experimenter subjects polymorphic experimental populations to ei ...
... whereas adaptation decelerated markedly (Barrick et al. 2009). In contrast, allele frequency changes (AFCs), rather than new mutations, fuel experimental evolution in multicellular organisms (Burke et al. 2010). In these organisms, the experimenter subjects polymorphic experimental populations to ei ...
Paper - Revision Science
... The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question. You are reminded of the necessity for good English and orderly presentation in your answers. The quality of written communication will affect the awarding of marks. © WJEC CBAC Ltd. ...
... The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question. You are reminded of the necessity for good English and orderly presentation in your answers. The quality of written communication will affect the awarding of marks. © WJEC CBAC Ltd. ...
The Inheritance of Two Traits
... (d) Determine the frequency of offspring that are homozygous for both traits. (e) Determine the frequency of offspring that have rough, dark fur. (f ) Determine the frequency of offspring that express both recessive traits. What is required? You are asked to determine the recessive traits and assign ...
... (d) Determine the frequency of offspring that are homozygous for both traits. (e) Determine the frequency of offspring that have rough, dark fur. (f ) Determine the frequency of offspring that express both recessive traits. What is required? You are asked to determine the recessive traits and assign ...
The role of meiotic drive in hybrid male sterility
... between two populations has mostly or completely stopped. Gene exchange may be prevented by extrinsic factors, such as geographical isolation, but such extrinsic factors may say little or nothing about the genetic divergence that allows species to coexist without losing their identity. Instead, most ...
... between two populations has mostly or completely stopped. Gene exchange may be prevented by extrinsic factors, such as geographical isolation, but such extrinsic factors may say little or nothing about the genetic divergence that allows species to coexist without losing their identity. Instead, most ...
FFTNS and the shifting balance theory p2
... We have seen that the C allele can invade when its allele frequency exceeds 10%. This represents the far side of a fitness valley. Once the C allele gets across this valley, FFTNS take over and the population moves to the global peak, where 100% have CC genotype. We noted earlier that natural select ...
... We have seen that the C allele can invade when its allele frequency exceeds 10%. This represents the far side of a fitness valley. Once the C allele gets across this valley, FFTNS take over and the population moves to the global peak, where 100% have CC genotype. We noted earlier that natural select ...
Hereditary Hemochromatosis Since Discovery of the HFE Gene
... populations, hemochromatosis is not associated with the C282Y mutation. In particular, Chinese hemochromatosis patients do not have the C282Y mutation (29 ), although it is not known whether other mutations in the HFE gene or mutations in a different gene are responsible. Because of interactions wit ...
... populations, hemochromatosis is not associated with the C282Y mutation. In particular, Chinese hemochromatosis patients do not have the C282Y mutation (29 ), although it is not known whether other mutations in the HFE gene or mutations in a different gene are responsible. Because of interactions wit ...
Lesson 2 | Asexual Reproduction
... Some organisms can produce offspring without meiosis or fertilization. You can observe this process when you add sugar and warm water to dried yeast. ...
... Some organisms can produce offspring without meiosis or fertilization. You can observe this process when you add sugar and warm water to dried yeast. ...
Construction of a genetic linkage map of Thlaspi
... et al., 2000; Assunção et al., 2003b; Roosens et al., 2003). In general, this variation is of a quantitative nature, probably as a result of the effect of allelic variation at several loci (multigenic), combined with an environmental effect on each locus. This leads to a continuous phenotypic distri ...
... et al., 2000; Assunção et al., 2003b; Roosens et al., 2003). In general, this variation is of a quantitative nature, probably as a result of the effect of allelic variation at several loci (multigenic), combined with an environmental effect on each locus. This leads to a continuous phenotypic distri ...
Reprint
... of hereditary information transmitted from parent to offspring ( Johannsen 1911). This view of heredity served as a bulwark against Lamarckism—the purported transmission of parental phenotype to offspring1 —already strongly repudiated by August Weismann in the nineteenth century. Resistance to Lamar ...
... of hereditary information transmitted from parent to offspring ( Johannsen 1911). This view of heredity served as a bulwark against Lamarckism—the purported transmission of parental phenotype to offspring1 —already strongly repudiated by August Weismann in the nineteenth century. Resistance to Lamar ...
Document
... sequence. This assumption is reasonable if editing is relatively inexpensive, because in this case most editing sites will be random in nature rather than involve some other biological factors. Comparing our results with the actual codon bias data then reveals if this assumption is true or if there ...
... sequence. This assumption is reasonable if editing is relatively inexpensive, because in this case most editing sites will be random in nature rather than involve some other biological factors. Comparing our results with the actual codon bias data then reveals if this assumption is true or if there ...
Mutations in FUS, an RNA Processing Protein, Cause Familial
... or H517Q FUS/TLS–GFP fusion proteins. Immunoblotting of fractions followed by immunostaining with an antibody to GFP demonstrated a substantially higher ratio of soluble cytosolic to soluble nuclear FUS/TLS for both mutants (Fig. 3B). Additionally, a higher ratio of total insoluble to soluble nuclea ...
... or H517Q FUS/TLS–GFP fusion proteins. Immunoblotting of fractions followed by immunostaining with an antibody to GFP demonstrated a substantially higher ratio of soluble cytosolic to soluble nuclear FUS/TLS for both mutants (Fig. 3B). Additionally, a higher ratio of total insoluble to soluble nuclea ...
Isolation and characterization of novel mutants of Arabidopsis
... are flat and do not cover the young buds. There are trichomes on both inner and outer surfaces of the sepals (Fig. 2E). As mentioned earlier, the normal sepals of the wild type do not have trichomes on theninner surfaces, while the leaves do carry trichomes. The number and structure of other floral ...
... are flat and do not cover the young buds. There are trichomes on both inner and outer surfaces of the sepals (Fig. 2E). As mentioned earlier, the normal sepals of the wild type do not have trichomes on theninner surfaces, while the leaves do carry trichomes. The number and structure of other floral ...
Gene conversion rapidly generates major histocompatibility complex
... present (Table S3, Supporting information). This is concordant with the number of class I loci found in other passerine birds (Richardson & Westerdahl 2003; Promerová et al. 2009). We used population-level tagged primers and 454 sequencing to screen population-level MHC variation. Thirteen variants ...
... present (Table S3, Supporting information). This is concordant with the number of class I loci found in other passerine birds (Richardson & Westerdahl 2003; Promerová et al. 2009). We used population-level tagged primers and 454 sequencing to screen population-level MHC variation. Thirteen variants ...
Suggestive Association With Ocular Phoria at Chromosome 6p22
... the genes GPLD1, ALDH5A1, the last 10 exons of the gene MRS2 and the last four exons of the gene KIAA0319. Though no locus reached genome-wide significance for our three other measures of phoria (near and far vertical and far horizontal), the association between rs1569579 and far horizontal phoria h ...
... the genes GPLD1, ALDH5A1, the last 10 exons of the gene MRS2 and the last four exons of the gene KIAA0319. Though no locus reached genome-wide significance for our three other measures of phoria (near and far vertical and far horizontal), the association between rs1569579 and far horizontal phoria h ...
Diploidy and the selective advantage for sexual reproduction in
... are formally distinct phenomena, they can often be associated with one another, as is the case with the models being considered here (Bull and Wilke 2008). However, for sexual reproduction in the multi-chromosomed genome, the error catastrophe does not occur as long as κl > 0 for each l. This result ...
... are formally distinct phenomena, they can often be associated with one another, as is the case with the models being considered here (Bull and Wilke 2008). However, for sexual reproduction in the multi-chromosomed genome, the error catastrophe does not occur as long as κl > 0 for each l. This result ...
Description of Komagataeibacter gen. nov., with proposals of new
... Dellaglio et al. (2005) and Lisdiyanti et al. (2006) recognized respectively two groups and two subclusters as well. Yamada and Yukphan (2008) suggested that the Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens group and the Gluconacetobacter xylinus group in the genus Gluconacetobacter can be phylogenetically, pheno ...
... Dellaglio et al. (2005) and Lisdiyanti et al. (2006) recognized respectively two groups and two subclusters as well. Yamada and Yukphan (2008) suggested that the Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens group and the Gluconacetobacter xylinus group in the genus Gluconacetobacter can be phylogenetically, pheno ...
The making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation
... If no, then at least one of the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg principle was violated. In this simulation, which condition or conditions were violated? The simulation does not have a large enough population. (Strictly speaking, the Hardy-Weinberg principle applies only to infinitely large populati ...
... If no, then at least one of the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg principle was violated. In this simulation, which condition or conditions were violated? The simulation does not have a large enough population. (Strictly speaking, the Hardy-Weinberg principle applies only to infinitely large populati ...
Koinophilia
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.