CHAPTER 1
... believed the oceans could be divided vertically into zones, each of which was home to a characteristic group of organisms. He suggested that there was no life below about 550 m (1800 ft), and hence the waters beneath this were called the "azoic" (no life) zone. We now know that organisms can be foun ...
... believed the oceans could be divided vertically into zones, each of which was home to a characteristic group of organisms. He suggested that there was no life below about 550 m (1800 ft), and hence the waters beneath this were called the "azoic" (no life) zone. We now know that organisms can be foun ...
document
... Deep beneath the oceans, massive mountains, ridges and plateaus rise from the seafloor, stretching up but never quite reaching the surface. The Earth's longest mountain range is not on land but under the sea the Mid Oceanic ridge system, which winds around the globe through every ocean. It is four t ...
... Deep beneath the oceans, massive mountains, ridges and plateaus rise from the seafloor, stretching up but never quite reaching the surface. The Earth's longest mountain range is not on land but under the sea the Mid Oceanic ridge system, which winds around the globe through every ocean. It is four t ...
Flipped from head to toe: 100 years of continental drift
... Eurasia about 140 million years ago - at a speed of plates. The continents float on top as the lightest rocks, so to speak. 20 centimeters per year. ...
... Eurasia about 140 million years ago - at a speed of plates. The continents float on top as the lightest rocks, so to speak. 20 centimeters per year. ...
Name Aims 27 - 35 Review Questions Version 1 Page 1
... Base your answers to questions 58 through 60 on the passage below. Crustal Activity at Mid-Ocean Ridges Mid-ocean ridges are found at one type of tectonic plate boundary. These ridges consist of extensive underwater mountain ranges split by rift valleys. The rift valleys mark places where two crust ...
... Base your answers to questions 58 through 60 on the passage below. Crustal Activity at Mid-Ocean Ridges Mid-ocean ridges are found at one type of tectonic plate boundary. These ridges consist of extensive underwater mountain ranges split by rift valleys. The rift valleys mark places where two crust ...
Part 1: Describing differences between oceanic
... Type of Boundary? What is the effect/outcome of this plate movement? Divergent Convergent Transform Example 2: Drag 2 old oceanic crusts onto the screen. Drag the plate in the direction of the RED arrow. Draw it! Type of Boundary? What is the effect/outcome of this plate movement? Divergent ...
... Type of Boundary? What is the effect/outcome of this plate movement? Divergent Convergent Transform Example 2: Drag 2 old oceanic crusts onto the screen. Drag the plate in the direction of the RED arrow. Draw it! Type of Boundary? What is the effect/outcome of this plate movement? Divergent ...
Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis
... Since new oceanic crust is created at the mid-ocean ridges, either Earth is getting bigger (which it is not) or oceanic crust must be destroyed somewhere. Since the oldest oceanic crust was found at the edges of the trenches, Hess hypothesized that the seafloor subducts into Earth’s interior at the ...
... Since new oceanic crust is created at the mid-ocean ridges, either Earth is getting bigger (which it is not) or oceanic crust must be destroyed somewhere. Since the oldest oceanic crust was found at the edges of the trenches, Hess hypothesized that the seafloor subducts into Earth’s interior at the ...
Ocean Life Zones PPT - Lyndhurst School District
... MAJOR OCEAN LIFE ZONES: OCEANIC PROVINCE (DEEP-SEA) Ø fish adapted to darkness & scarcity of food Ø drift or are slow moving reduced bone & ...
... MAJOR OCEAN LIFE ZONES: OCEANIC PROVINCE (DEEP-SEA) Ø fish adapted to darkness & scarcity of food Ø drift or are slow moving reduced bone & ...
MSCI 101 - University of South Carolina
... 1. Demonstrate understanding of current theories concerning the origin of the Earth and the waters that cover its surface. 2. Identify oceanic physical features and relate their structures to theories of their origin. 3. Demonstrate the use of basic Marine Science principles to develop first order h ...
... 1. Demonstrate understanding of current theories concerning the origin of the Earth and the waters that cover its surface. 2. Identify oceanic physical features and relate their structures to theories of their origin. 3. Demonstrate the use of basic Marine Science principles to develop first order h ...
Seismic Reflection and Ocean Crustal Structure
... • Interpretation: What can seismic records tell you? (LAB) ...
... • Interpretation: What can seismic records tell you? (LAB) ...
Crustal rocks
... Lets say a little bit about the rocks that form the earth’s crust and those we infer are in the mantle - again you will hear more next quarter, and in later courses! (Petrology is this field - the study of rocks) Since we’re interested in gross earth structure - we focus on igneous rocks those deriv ...
... Lets say a little bit about the rocks that form the earth’s crust and those we infer are in the mantle - again you will hear more next quarter, and in later courses! (Petrology is this field - the study of rocks) Since we’re interested in gross earth structure - we focus on igneous rocks those deriv ...
Questions For Review KEY
... continent sinks and denser mantle rock is displaced by less dense continental crust to compensate for the extra weight of the ice. ...
... continent sinks and denser mantle rock is displaced by less dense continental crust to compensate for the extra weight of the ice. ...
1 Part 2. Oceanic Carbon and Nutrient Cycling Lecture Outline 1
... Fig 1.12 Distribution of dominant sediment types on the floor of the present-day oceans. Note that clays are mostly ‘terrigenous’. (Open University Series, ...
... Fig 1.12 Distribution of dominant sediment types on the floor of the present-day oceans. Note that clays are mostly ‘terrigenous’. (Open University Series, ...
Divergent Boundaries Undersea mountains forty
... – Seamounts and volcanic islands • Submarine volcanoes are called seamounts – Over a million seamounts exist – Found in all ocean floors but most common in the Pacific – Many form near oceanic ridges or over a hot spot ...
... – Seamounts and volcanic islands • Submarine volcanoes are called seamounts – Over a million seamounts exist – Found in all ocean floors but most common in the Pacific – Many form near oceanic ridges or over a hot spot ...
tectonic plates.
... • Most transform faults are found on the ocean floor. • They commonly offset the active, divergent spreading ridges, producing zig-zag plate margins, and are generally defined by shallow earthquakes. • However, a few occur on land – Example - the San Andreas fault zone in California – This fault con ...
... • Most transform faults are found on the ocean floor. • They commonly offset the active, divergent spreading ridges, producing zig-zag plate margins, and are generally defined by shallow earthquakes. • However, a few occur on land – Example - the San Andreas fault zone in California – This fault con ...
Earth Systems:
... • The more precipitation (or water), the ________ salinity (likewise, the less precipitation/water, the _____________ salinity) Diversity of Salinity Levels • In areas where evaporation is far greater than precipitation, such as the ___________ ________ or _____ ________, the salinity levels may e ...
... • The more precipitation (or water), the ________ salinity (likewise, the less precipitation/water, the _____________ salinity) Diversity of Salinity Levels • In areas where evaporation is far greater than precipitation, such as the ___________ ________ or _____ ________, the salinity levels may e ...
Inside the Restless Earth
... Volcanoes – (Ch. 6) 20. How do Volcanoes form? Volcanoes form at convergent boundaries when oceanic crust is subducted and forced down toward the mantle where it melts, becomes less dense, and rise back to toward the surface as magma, eventually erupting from a volcano. Volcanoes can also form along ...
... Volcanoes – (Ch. 6) 20. How do Volcanoes form? Volcanoes form at convergent boundaries when oceanic crust is subducted and forced down toward the mantle where it melts, becomes less dense, and rise back to toward the surface as magma, eventually erupting from a volcano. Volcanoes can also form along ...
Introduction - Coastal Climate Wiki
... Rising water temperatures and shifting currents affect coastal and marine water quality, altering species distribution and biological productivity. ...
... Rising water temperatures and shifting currents affect coastal and marine water quality, altering species distribution and biological productivity. ...
Cross Section: Plate Tectonics - Oologah
... that the direction stands out a bit more. Some students may colors these red and blue to indicate relative heat, and if you notice this you may want to make sure they aren’t representing alternating “hot” and “cold” cells. ...
... that the direction stands out a bit more. Some students may colors these red and blue to indicate relative heat, and if you notice this you may want to make sure they aren’t representing alternating “hot” and “cold” cells. ...
Outer Core
... continental plates collide, mountain ranges are created as the colliding crust is compressed and pushed upwards. ...
... continental plates collide, mountain ranges are created as the colliding crust is compressed and pushed upwards. ...
i Injecting CO into the Depths Fertilizing the Ocean with Nitrogen
... regions have too little of this essential nutrient, resulting in low productivity. In ONC’s plan, coastal factories using tanker-supplied natural gas would produce urea, pump it through pipelines, and release it at the edge of the continental shelf to stimulate phytoplankton blooms. In theory, phyto ...
... regions have too little of this essential nutrient, resulting in low productivity. In ONC’s plan, coastal factories using tanker-supplied natural gas would produce urea, pump it through pipelines, and release it at the edge of the continental shelf to stimulate phytoplankton blooms. In theory, phyto ...
Plates on the Move
... The position of the continents today. The continents are still slowly moving, at about the speed your fingernails grow. Satellite measurements have confirmed that every year the Atlantic Ocean gets a few inches wider! ...
... The position of the continents today. The continents are still slowly moving, at about the speed your fingernails grow. Satellite measurements have confirmed that every year the Atlantic Ocean gets a few inches wider! ...
Answer - zimearth
... What is the study of the physical characteristics, chemical composition, and life forms of the ocean called? ...
... What is the study of the physical characteristics, chemical composition, and life forms of the ocean called? ...
Seafloor Spreading and Paleomagnetism
... thousands of kilometers (miles) long and many kilometers (miles) deep. They are often found at continental edges or along island chains. Most ocean trenches are located in the Pacific Ocean. The seafloor sediment layer was much thinner than expected. None of the sediment samples were more than 180 m ...
... thousands of kilometers (miles) long and many kilometers (miles) deep. They are often found at continental edges or along island chains. Most ocean trenches are located in the Pacific Ocean. The seafloor sediment layer was much thinner than expected. None of the sediment samples were more than 180 m ...
Marking your Boundaries!!
... Draw arrows to mark out a pair of convergent plates and a pair of divergent plates. (8 bonus marks!) ...
... Draw arrows to mark out a pair of convergent plates and a pair of divergent plates. (8 bonus marks!) ...
Plate Tectonics, Isostasy, and Paleogeography
... divided into about 30 lithospheric or techtonic plates –13 large and 17 smaller – which move and interact with one another Most plates include both continental crust and oceanic crust These plates move very slowly over a semi-molten or plastic asthenosphere, only 2 to 5 centimeters (1-2 inches) ...
... divided into about 30 lithospheric or techtonic plates –13 large and 17 smaller – which move and interact with one another Most plates include both continental crust and oceanic crust These plates move very slowly over a semi-molten or plastic asthenosphere, only 2 to 5 centimeters (1-2 inches) ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.