Divergent Plate Boundaries
... producing a mid-ocean ridge. Extreme forces stretch the lithosphere and produce a deep fissure. When the fissure opens, pressure is reduced on the super-heated mantle material below. It responds by melting and the new magma flows into the fissure. The magma then solidifies and the process repeats it ...
... producing a mid-ocean ridge. Extreme forces stretch the lithosphere and produce a deep fissure. When the fissure opens, pressure is reduced on the super-heated mantle material below. It responds by melting and the new magma flows into the fissure. The magma then solidifies and the process repeats it ...
Chemical and Physical Features of Seawater and the World Ocean
... This is a NASA satellite image of the warm waters of the Gulf Stream running up the U.S. eastern seaboard. The Gulf Stream shows up as a winding rope of orange and yellow (indicating warm waters) against the cooler green and blue waters. Credit: MODIS Ocean Group NASA/GSFC SST product by ...
... This is a NASA satellite image of the warm waters of the Gulf Stream running up the U.S. eastern seaboard. The Gulf Stream shows up as a winding rope of orange and yellow (indicating warm waters) against the cooler green and blue waters. Credit: MODIS Ocean Group NASA/GSFC SST product by ...
SGES 1302 Lecture5
... The most dramatic effect seen is where the northern margin of the Indian Plate is being thrust under a portion of the Eurasian plate, lifting it and creating the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau beyond. It has also caused parts of the Asian continent to deform westward and eastward on either side o ...
... The most dramatic effect seen is where the northern margin of the Indian Plate is being thrust under a portion of the Eurasian plate, lifting it and creating the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau beyond. It has also caused parts of the Asian continent to deform westward and eastward on either side o ...
Chapter 2: Global Tectonics Our Dynamic Planet Introduction
... The interior of Earth and Venus remain hot and geologically active. The mantles of Earth and Venus lose internal heat by convection (對流), the slow flow of solid rock. Hot rock rises upward to near the surface. Earth’s stiff lithosphere is broken into a collection of near-rigid plates. ...
... The interior of Earth and Venus remain hot and geologically active. The mantles of Earth and Venus lose internal heat by convection (對流), the slow flow of solid rock. Hot rock rises upward to near the surface. Earth’s stiff lithosphere is broken into a collection of near-rigid plates. ...
Geology 8: Plate Tectonics Homework
... 48. The BEST definition of the outer edge of the continental shelf is that point where a. the gradient becomes very steep b. the water depth reaches 100 fathoms c. it meets an oceanic ridge d. a rapid decrease of the gradient occurs e. none of these 49. Seamounts a. are a special type of oceanic tre ...
... 48. The BEST definition of the outer edge of the continental shelf is that point where a. the gradient becomes very steep b. the water depth reaches 100 fathoms c. it meets an oceanic ridge d. a rapid decrease of the gradient occurs e. none of these 49. Seamounts a. are a special type of oceanic tre ...
Oceanography
... continent the warm ocean current moves warm tropical waters toward the higher colder latitudes in polar regions. The warm water cools is deflected by landmasses and move back toward the ...
... continent the warm ocean current moves warm tropical waters toward the higher colder latitudes in polar regions. The warm water cools is deflected by landmasses and move back toward the ...
Plate Tectonics - Londonderry School District
... Coal exists under the ice in the rock of Antarctica – yet coal can only form from plants that grow in warm climates. ...
... Coal exists under the ice in the rock of Antarctica – yet coal can only form from plants that grow in warm climates. ...
LESSON 2 EARTH`S MOVING CONTINENTS Chapter 5 Changes
... • The new rock exerts a sideways force called compression. • Magma continues to flow between the plates, forcing them farther apart. • This process is called seafloor spreading. ...
... • The new rock exerts a sideways force called compression. • Magma continues to flow between the plates, forcing them farther apart. • This process is called seafloor spreading. ...
Subduction Zones of the World: Comparison to the Cascadia
... The consequence of this is that the subducting lithosphere is relatively cold and thick and the WadatiBenioff zone is clearly defined by hypocenters plunging to depths of 600 km south of the southern tip of Kamchatka. There is a gap in seismicity that occurs between 200– 300 km within the Kamchatka ...
... The consequence of this is that the subducting lithosphere is relatively cold and thick and the WadatiBenioff zone is clearly defined by hypocenters plunging to depths of 600 km south of the southern tip of Kamchatka. There is a gap in seismicity that occurs between 200– 300 km within the Kamchatka ...
Subduction and collision processes in the Central Andes
... metamorphism and partial melting that decouples upper-crustal imbrication from lower-crustal thickening. The Central Andes are a unique place where subduction and mountain-building processes can be studied, both in their extremes. Whereas subduction has been continuing at least since the early Mesoz ...
... metamorphism and partial melting that decouples upper-crustal imbrication from lower-crustal thickening. The Central Andes are a unique place where subduction and mountain-building processes can be studied, both in their extremes. Whereas subduction has been continuing at least since the early Mesoz ...
Oceanography - laurich-mbvm
... basin is called the abyssal plain. This area is covered with layers of fine sediment. A long, narrow depression in the deep-ocean basin is called an ocean trench. It forms where one tectonic plate subducts another plate. Volcanoes and earthquakes are common in and along subduction zones. ...
... basin is called the abyssal plain. This area is covered with layers of fine sediment. A long, narrow depression in the deep-ocean basin is called an ocean trench. It forms where one tectonic plate subducts another plate. Volcanoes and earthquakes are common in and along subduction zones. ...
DO ilol h)n`r? on *4`s *sill
... 20. The Himalaya Mountains formed from a collision of the Indo-Australian plate with the Eurasian plate. Which best approximates the rate of movement of the Indo-Australian plate? C. 6.7 meters per year A. 0.67 millimeters per year D' 67 meters per year B. 6.7 centimeters per year 21. Mid ocean rid ...
... 20. The Himalaya Mountains formed from a collision of the Indo-Australian plate with the Eurasian plate. Which best approximates the rate of movement of the Indo-Australian plate? C. 6.7 meters per year A. 0.67 millimeters per year D' 67 meters per year B. 6.7 centimeters per year 21. Mid ocean rid ...
Plate Tectonics
... 3. What is the name of the ocean trench which is parallel with the Andes? PERU-CHILLE ...
... 3. What is the name of the ocean trench which is parallel with the Andes? PERU-CHILLE ...
The Earth’s Layers - Welcome to Ms. George's Science Class
... mantle. • With present technology, we can’t drill far enough through the crust to get to the mantle. • So how do scientists “know” about the mantle? • They observe places where mantle rock pushes close to the Earth’s surface, such as where lava pours out of active volcanoes on the ocean floor. ...
... mantle. • With present technology, we can’t drill far enough through the crust to get to the mantle. • So how do scientists “know” about the mantle? • They observe places where mantle rock pushes close to the Earth’s surface, such as where lava pours out of active volcanoes on the ocean floor. ...
Plate Tectonics and the Dynamic Earth
... Earth's Internal Heat – Driving Plate Motion Radioactive decay in the crust and upper mantle generates heat, keeping the asthenosphere pliable and the lithosphere in motion This internal heating sets up convection currents in the mantle Plates are pushed or pulled in response to mantle convection an ...
... Earth's Internal Heat – Driving Plate Motion Radioactive decay in the crust and upper mantle generates heat, keeping the asthenosphere pliable and the lithosphere in motion This internal heating sets up convection currents in the mantle Plates are pushed or pulled in response to mantle convection an ...
Chapter 46 – Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps
... Chemosynthetic communities are functionally distinct from other marine communities, with many open questions about their distribution, diversity, functioning and environmental features that limit the ability to estimate ecosystem services (Armstrong et al., 2012). Nevertheless, deep-sea vents and se ...
... Chemosynthetic communities are functionally distinct from other marine communities, with many open questions about their distribution, diversity, functioning and environmental features that limit the ability to estimate ecosystem services (Armstrong et al., 2012). Nevertheless, deep-sea vents and se ...
L3_Plate Tec_Deformation
... Solve then discuss with your neighbor— make sure you both understand how to solve this type of problem. If a region with a rich gold deposit is cut by a fault that is known from other evidence to move at a rate of 4 cm/yr. The gold was deposited 10 million years ago. At what distance along the faul ...
... Solve then discuss with your neighbor— make sure you both understand how to solve this type of problem. If a region with a rich gold deposit is cut by a fault that is known from other evidence to move at a rate of 4 cm/yr. The gold was deposited 10 million years ago. At what distance along the faul ...
ADVANCED LEVEL GEOGRAPHY
... -- When convectional currents of magma in the upper mantle converge and sink, this causes one plate to move towards to other and the plates collide. -- The oceanic crust on either side of the mid-oceanic ridge is moving toward the thick mass of continental lithosphere. Because the oceanic plate is c ...
... -- When convectional currents of magma in the upper mantle converge and sink, this causes one plate to move towards to other and the plates collide. -- The oceanic crust on either side of the mid-oceanic ridge is moving toward the thick mass of continental lithosphere. Because the oceanic plate is c ...
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth - Chapter 4 - sir
... major lithospheric plates Plates are in motion and are continually changing in shape and size The largest plate is the Pacific plate Several plates include an entire continent plus a large area of seafloor ...
... major lithospheric plates Plates are in motion and are continually changing in shape and size The largest plate is the Pacific plate Several plates include an entire continent plus a large area of seafloor ...
Earth`s Structure Learning Targets
... I can differentiate between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. The lithosphere contains the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle and is brittle. The asthenosphere contains the “plastic” molten part of the mantle that allows the lithosphere to move around on it. I can label the following pl ...
... I can differentiate between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. The lithosphere contains the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle and is brittle. The asthenosphere contains the “plastic” molten part of the mantle that allows the lithosphere to move around on it. I can label the following pl ...
LECTURE-1 JEO253 PHYSICAL GEOLOGY OVERVIEW
... Transform Fault Boundaries • forms when two tectonic plates slide past one another. This type of boundary was proposed by ‘J. Tuzo Wilson’ (Canadian Geologist).There is no destruction or production of the lithosphere along a transform fault boundary. Transform faults are most common on the seafloor ...
... Transform Fault Boundaries • forms when two tectonic plates slide past one another. This type of boundary was proposed by ‘J. Tuzo Wilson’ (Canadian Geologist).There is no destruction or production of the lithosphere along a transform fault boundary. Transform faults are most common on the seafloor ...
Plate Tectonics Class Notes
... • Wegner studied fossils of the Lystrosaurus an animal that lived in fresh water. • He found fossils of this animal on both the continents of South America and Africa. ...
... • Wegner studied fossils of the Lystrosaurus an animal that lived in fresh water. • He found fossils of this animal on both the continents of South America and Africa. ...
Geology 3015 Lecture Notes Week 4b
... laterally past one another. Most are in oceanic crust where they connect two segments of midocean ridges, producing a stairstep appearance. ...
... laterally past one another. Most are in oceanic crust where they connect two segments of midocean ridges, producing a stairstep appearance. ...
Evidence for Continental Drift
... Rock is cooler as we move away from spreading zones Volcanos are associated with plate boundaries Earthquakes are also at plate boundaries island arcs, trenches, and mountain ranges…. But what about the Hawaiian Islands? ...
... Rock is cooler as we move away from spreading zones Volcanos are associated with plate boundaries Earthquakes are also at plate boundaries island arcs, trenches, and mountain ranges…. But what about the Hawaiian Islands? ...
Thesis of Lamarque Gaëlle
... The study of the behavior and the structure of large shear zones, as well as their evolution in space and times is essential because shear zones accommodate the main deformation in intermediate and deep crust as well as in the mantle. The Mertz shear zone (MSZ; longitude 145°East, Antarctica) is a k ...
... The study of the behavior and the structure of large shear zones, as well as their evolution in space and times is essential because shear zones accommodate the main deformation in intermediate and deep crust as well as in the mantle. The Mertz shear zone (MSZ; longitude 145°East, Antarctica) is a k ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.