... Subduction Zones and Volcanoes At some convergent boundaries, an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. Oceanic crust tends to be ____________ and _____________ than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent and pulled under, or ________________, beneath the lighter and thic ...
File
... Subduction Zones and Volcanoes At some convergent boundaries, an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. Oceanic crust tends to be _____Denser_______ and ____Thinner_________ than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent and pulled under, or _______subducted_________, beneat ...
... Subduction Zones and Volcanoes At some convergent boundaries, an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. Oceanic crust tends to be _____Denser_______ and ____Thinner_________ than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent and pulled under, or _______subducted_________, beneat ...
Lecture 2b: Hot spots
... – Then heat flow, a slow process, raises the temperature of the cold nonconvecting part of the mantle attached to the base of the continent until it melts over a wide area, in a process that is characterized by positive feedback between melting and heat flow, giving high magma flux for a short time. ...
... – Then heat flow, a slow process, raises the temperature of the cold nonconvecting part of the mantle attached to the base of the continent until it melts over a wide area, in a process that is characterized by positive feedback between melting and heat flow, giving high magma flux for a short time. ...
Plate Tectonics - teachearthscience.org
... •Only shallow earthquakes found near oceanic ridge •Deep earthquakes found only near oceanic trenches •Largest earthquakes near trenches ...
... •Only shallow earthquakes found near oceanic ridge •Deep earthquakes found only near oceanic trenches •Largest earthquakes near trenches ...
two abstracts
... geologist Evan Hopkins, who had published books On the connexion of geology with terrestrial magnetism in 1844, 1851 and 1855. . In the process of electroplating, an electric current dissolves metal at one pole and deposits metal at the other pole. Hopkins imagined the Earth’s magnetic poles to supp ...
... geologist Evan Hopkins, who had published books On the connexion of geology with terrestrial magnetism in 1844, 1851 and 1855. . In the process of electroplating, an electric current dissolves metal at one pole and deposits metal at the other pole. Hopkins imagined the Earth’s magnetic poles to supp ...
Part B Continental Drift Slide Show
... continental crust “ride” on some of these plates •convection cells (currents) under the crust (asthenosphere) cause the plates to move. •three basic plates movements: divergent, convergent, transform ...
... continental crust “ride” on some of these plates •convection cells (currents) under the crust (asthenosphere) cause the plates to move. •three basic plates movements: divergent, convergent, transform ...
plate tectonics
... The position of the continents today. The continents are still slowly moving, at about the speed your fingernails grow. Satellite measurements have confirmed that every year the Atlantic Ocean gets a few inches wider! ...
... The position of the continents today. The continents are still slowly moving, at about the speed your fingernails grow. Satellite measurements have confirmed that every year the Atlantic Ocean gets a few inches wider! ...
plate tectonics
... The position of the continents today. The continents are still slowly moving, at about the speed your fingernails grow. Satellite measurements have confirmed that every year the Atlantic Ocean gets a few inches wider! ...
... The position of the continents today. The continents are still slowly moving, at about the speed your fingernails grow. Satellite measurements have confirmed that every year the Atlantic Ocean gets a few inches wider! ...
Earth`s Many Layers
... Formation of Crust • Continental crust began to form ~ 4 Ga ♣ By partial melting ♣ Has grown gradually since then • Oceanic crust (oldest ~ 200 Ma): ♣ Continuously formed (mid-ocean ridge) ♣ Then destroyed (sinks into mantle) ...
... Formation of Crust • Continental crust began to form ~ 4 Ga ♣ By partial melting ♣ Has grown gradually since then • Oceanic crust (oldest ~ 200 Ma): ♣ Continuously formed (mid-ocean ridge) ♣ Then destroyed (sinks into mantle) ...
Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world`s ocean
... floor that was poorly mapped at the time when the grid was assembled. They include parts of the southern and central eastern Indian Ocean, parts of the Late Cretaceous ocean crust in the southwest Pacific and many back-arc basins. Also, no spreading rate or spreading asymmetry grids were constructed ...
... floor that was poorly mapped at the time when the grid was assembled. They include parts of the southern and central eastern Indian Ocean, parts of the Late Cretaceous ocean crust in the southwest Pacific and many back-arc basins. Also, no spreading rate or spreading asymmetry grids were constructed ...
The following reading should be annotated by each student as they
... When Alfred Wegener first proposed the idea of continental drift, it didn’t quite explain the full story. While he correctly showed that Africa and South America fitted together, his model wasn’t able to explain the violent forces that occur around the Earth’s crust. It wasn’t until the 1960s that a ...
... When Alfred Wegener first proposed the idea of continental drift, it didn’t quite explain the full story. While he correctly showed that Africa and South America fitted together, his model wasn’t able to explain the violent forces that occur around the Earth’s crust. It wasn’t until the 1960s that a ...
Conditions differ away from shore.
... animals live near openings in Earth’s crust called hydrothermal vents . Cold ocean water that seeps into cracks in the ocean floor gets heated deep underground by hot magma. The heated water then rises up and gushes out into the ocean, forming hydrothermal vents. Before the discovery of animal commu ...
... animals live near openings in Earth’s crust called hydrothermal vents . Cold ocean water that seeps into cracks in the ocean floor gets heated deep underground by hot magma. The heated water then rises up and gushes out into the ocean, forming hydrothermal vents. Before the discovery of animal commu ...
- cK-12
... a) The oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate. b) The continental plate subducts beneath the oceanic plate. c) The oceanic plate is thrust on top of the continental plate, creating a double thick plate. d) The continental plate is thrust on top of the oceanic plate, creating a double t ...
... a) The oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate. b) The continental plate subducts beneath the oceanic plate. c) The oceanic plate is thrust on top of the continental plate, creating a double thick plate. d) The continental plate is thrust on top of the oceanic plate, creating a double t ...
Inside the Earth
... Seismic velocities tend to gradually increase with depth in the mantle due to the increasing pressure, and therefore density, with depth. However, seismic waves recorded at distances corresponding to depths of around 100 km to 250 km arrive later than expected indicating a zone of low seismic wave v ...
... Seismic velocities tend to gradually increase with depth in the mantle due to the increasing pressure, and therefore density, with depth. However, seismic waves recorded at distances corresponding to depths of around 100 km to 250 km arrive later than expected indicating a zone of low seismic wave v ...
An introduction to processes at plate boundaries
... two plates move towards each other and the denser oceanic crust subducts (sinks) beneath the continental crust. This forms an ocean trench. The sinking oceanic crust eventually melts due to heat and pressure created by friction, which is caused by the tectonic plates moving. There is also heat and p ...
... two plates move towards each other and the denser oceanic crust subducts (sinks) beneath the continental crust. This forms an ocean trench. The sinking oceanic crust eventually melts due to heat and pressure created by friction, which is caused by the tectonic plates moving. There is also heat and p ...
Earth`s Layers
... softball) the Russians drilled in the 70s and 80s reached a depth of 7.6 miles into the continental crust of Russia. They hit temps of 356 degrees F. But only reached a mere 0.2% of the way to the core. Most scientists agree the Earth’s core is sold iron and nickel, but some disagree Some think it c ...
... softball) the Russians drilled in the 70s and 80s reached a depth of 7.6 miles into the continental crust of Russia. They hit temps of 356 degrees F. But only reached a mere 0.2% of the way to the core. Most scientists agree the Earth’s core is sold iron and nickel, but some disagree Some think it c ...
Interactive Dynamic Earth ANSWERS
... Mid-ocean ridge 47* As plates made of oceanic crust pull apart, a crack in the ocean floor appears. Magma then oozes up from the mantle to fill in the space between the plates, forming a raised ridge called a __- ___ ____. ...
... Mid-ocean ridge 47* As plates made of oceanic crust pull apart, a crack in the ocean floor appears. Magma then oozes up from the mantle to fill in the space between the plates, forming a raised ridge called a __- ___ ____. ...
Volcanoes - Mr. Cramer
... Magma - molten mixture of rock, gasses, and water from the mantle Lava- magma that reaches the surface ...
... Magma - molten mixture of rock, gasses, and water from the mantle Lava- magma that reaches the surface ...
El Nino (warming) and La Nina (cooling) - DP
... sub-polar oceans) a zone where the rate of decrease of temperature is much larger compared with that above and below, hence the definition.” • Depending on the geographical location, the thermocline depth ranges from about 50m to 1000m. • A simplified view is to consider the thermocline as the separ ...
... sub-polar oceans) a zone where the rate of decrease of temperature is much larger compared with that above and below, hence the definition.” • Depending on the geographical location, the thermocline depth ranges from about 50m to 1000m. • A simplified view is to consider the thermocline as the separ ...
Towards a better understanding of hot spot volcanism
... shearing zone was superimposed on an anomaly of the Earth’s surface classically attributed to an upswelling of the oceanic lithosphere. This anomaly, caused by the upward pressure of the underlying mantle, appears along with an unexplained variation in the ocean floor. This second numerical model th ...
... shearing zone was superimposed on an anomaly of the Earth’s surface classically attributed to an upswelling of the oceanic lithosphere. This anomaly, caused by the upward pressure of the underlying mantle, appears along with an unexplained variation in the ocean floor. This second numerical model th ...
(LOW) variability
... This report discusses the variability of the South Atlantic climate. Its objective is to apply two ocean models to account for both large and regional scales: 1. An ocean general circulation model is used to investigate the south Atlantic leading modes and the South Atlantic response to El Niño-Sout ...
... This report discusses the variability of the South Atlantic climate. Its objective is to apply two ocean models to account for both large and regional scales: 1. An ocean general circulation model is used to investigate the south Atlantic leading modes and the South Atlantic response to El Niño-Sout ...
Seafloor Spreading and Subduction Unit Exam Study Guide You
... 1. Pangea – The Supercontinent that existed when all of the continents were one piece of land. 2. Continental Drift – The idea that continents moved and changed positions. 3. Bathymetry – The shape of the seafloor. 4. Trench – The deepest feature in the oceans that forms when one plate subducts bene ...
... 1. Pangea – The Supercontinent that existed when all of the continents were one piece of land. 2. Continental Drift – The idea that continents moved and changed positions. 3. Bathymetry – The shape of the seafloor. 4. Trench – The deepest feature in the oceans that forms when one plate subducts bene ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.