Download Name Aims 27 - 35 Review Questions Version 1 Page 1

Name
Aims 27 - 35 Review Questions
1. A model of Earth's internal structure is shown below.
5. The rock between 2,900 kilometers and 5,200
kilometers below the Earth's surface is inferred to be
A)
B)
C)
D)
a silicate-rich liquid
a silicate-rich solid
an iron-rich solid
an iron-rich liquid
6. Compared to the oceanic crust, the continental crust
is usually
A)
B)
C)
D)
thinner, with a less dense granitic composition
thinner, with a more dense basaltic composition
thicker, with a more dense basaltic composition
thicker, with a less dense granitic composition
7. Beneath which surface location is Earth's crust the
thinnest?
Analysis of which type of data led to the development
of this model?
A)
B)
C)
D)
seismic waves
electromagnetic radiation
depth of Earth's oceans
isobar gradients
2. Which two Earth layers are separated by the Moho
boundary?
A)
B)
C)
D)
stiffer mantle and asthenosphere
outer core and stiffer mantle
crust and rigid mantle
rigid mantle and plastic mantle
3. Which part of Earth’s interior is inferred to have
convection currents that cause tectonic plates to
move?
A) outer core
C) rigid mantle
B) inner core
D) asthenosphere
4. Earth’s outer core is best inferred to be
A) liquid, with an average density of approximately
4 g/cm3
B) solid, with an average density of approximately
4 g/cm3
C) solid, with an average density of approximately
11 g/cm3
D) liquid, with an average density of approximately
11 g/cm3
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A)
B)
C)
D)
Old Forge, New York
the center of South America
San Andreas Fault
East Pacific Ridge
8. Where is the thickest part of the Earth's crust?
A)
B)
C)
D)
at the edge of continental shelves
at mid-ocean ridges
under continental mountain ranges
under volcanic islands
9. To get sample material from the mantle, drilling will
be done through the oceanic crust rather than
through the continental crust because oceanic crust is
A)
B)
C)
D)
thinner than continental crust
more dense than continental crust
younger than continental crust
softer than continental crust
10. Which minerals contain the two most abundant
elements by mass in Earth’s crust?
A)
B)
C)
D)
amphibole and quartz
fluorite and calcite
galena and sulfur
magnetite and pyrite
11. Which element is most abundant in Earth's crust?
A) nitrogen
C) oxygen
B) hydrogen
D) silicon
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Base your answers to questions 12through 16on the diagram below, which represents zones of Earth's
interior, identified by letters A through E. The scale shows depths below Earth's surface, measured in
kilometers.
12.What is the approximate thickness of zone C?
A) 650 km
B) 1600 km
C) 2250 km
D) 2900 km
13.Which zone is characterized by partially melted rock and large-scale convection currents?
A) zone A
B) zone B
C) zone C
D) zone E
14.Which zone of Earth's interior has a density closest to the densities of the other terrestrial planets?
A) zone A
B) zone E
C) zone C
D) zone D
15.S -waves produced by an earthquake are transmitted through zones
A) A and B, but not zones C, D, and E
C) C, D, and E, but not zones A and B
B) A, B, and C, but not zones D and E
D) D and E, but not zones A, B, and C
16.The Moho is a boundary located in zone
A) A
B) B
C) E
17. The basaltic bedrock of the oceanic crust is
classified as
A)
B)
C)
D)
mafic, with a density of 3.0 g/cm 3
felsic, with a density of 2.7 g/cm3
felsic, with a density of 3.0 g/cm3
mafic, with a density of 2.7 g/cm 3
18. The observed difference in density between
continental crust and oceanic crust is most likely due
to differences in their
A) thickness
C) rate of cooling
B) porosity
D) composition
19. What is the range of pressure in Earth's interior
where rock with a density range of 9.9 to 12.2 g/cm 3
is found?
A)
B)
C)
D)
1.4 to 3.1 million atmospheres
2.3 to 3.5 million atmospheres
0.2 to 1.4 million atmospheres
0.8 to 2.3 million atmospheres
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D) D
20. The inferred temperature at the interface between the
stiffer mantle and the asthenosphere is closest to
A) 1000°C
C) 4500°C
B) 2500°C
D) 5000°C
21. What happens to the density and temperature of rock
within Earth’s interior as depth increases?
A)
B)
C)
D)
density increases and temperature decreases
density decreases and temperature decreases
density increases and temperature increases
density decreases and temperature increases
22. Earth’s outer core and inner core are both inferred to
be
A)
B)
C)
D)
liquid
solid
composed of a high percentage of iron
under the same pressure
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23. The sequence of block diagrams below shows stages of development of a landscape. The stages are
labeled A, B, and C.
Which sequence of geologic processes best describes the events that created each stage shown?
A)
B)
C)
D)
uplift and deposition flooding folding and erosion
uplift and erosion subsidence and erosion folding
metamorphism erosion and deposition volcanic eruptions
erosion subsidence and deposition uplift and faulting
24. The diagram below represents a cross section of a
portion of the Earth's crust.
Which statement about the Earth's crust is best
supported by the diagram?
A) The crust is composed of denser rock than the
mantle is.
B) The continental crust is thicker than the oceanic
crust.
C) The continental crust is composed primarily of
sedimentary rock.
D) The oceanic crust is thicker than the mantle.
25. Most inferences about the characteristics of Earth’s
mantle and core are based on
A) chemical changes in exposed and weathered
metamorphic rocks
B) the behavior of seismic waves in Earth’s
interior
C) comparisons between Moon rocks and Earth
rocks
D) well drillings from Earth’s mantle and core
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26. The diagram below shows a cross section of
sedimentary rock layers.
Which statement about the deposition of the
sediments best explains why these layers have the
curved shape shown?
A) Sediments were deposited in horizontal layers
and later disturbed by crustal activity.
B) Sediments were deposited after widespread
volcanic eruptions.
C) Sediments were deposited between two
diverging oceanic plates.
D) Sediments were deposited on an uneven
curving seafloor.
27. Rifting of tectonic plates in eastern North America
during the Jurassic Period was responsible for the
A)
B)
C)
D)
opening of the Atlantic Ocean
Alleghenian orogeny
flrst uplift of the Adirondack Mountains
formation of the Catskill delta
28. Which mineral is commonly used as a food additive?
A) fluorite
C) calcite
B) talc
D) halite
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29. Base your answer to the following question on
the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the
distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Which map best represents the pattern of magnetic polarity in the minerals of ocean-floor bedrock on
each side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
A)
B)
C)
D)
30. The Aleutian Islands extend westward from southern
Alaska to form the northern boundary of the Pacific
Ocean. These volcanic islands were formed by the
nearby
A)
B)
C)
D)
divergence of an oceanic plate
divergence of a continental plate
subduction of a continental plate
subduction of an oceanic plate
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31. At which plate boundary is one lithospheric plate
sliding under another?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Pacific Plate and Indian-Australian Plate
Indian-Australian Plate and Antarctic Plate
Nazca Plate and Pacific Plate
Nazca Plate and Antarctic Plate
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Base your answers to questions 32 through 34 on the map below. The map shows the continents of
Africa and South America, the ocean between them, and the ocean ridge and transform faults.
Locations A and D are on the continents. Locations B and C are on the ocean floor.
32. The hottest crustal temperature measurements would most likely be found at location
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
33. Which table best shows the relative densities of the crustal bedrock at locations A, B, C, and D?
A)
B)
C)
D)
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34. Which graph best shows the relative age of the ocean-floor bedrock from location B to location C?
A)
B)
C)
D)
35. The cross section below represents several rock units within Earth's crust. Letter A represents Earth's
surface. Letters B, C, and D indicate boundaries between rock units. One of the unconformities is
labeled.
Which lettered boundary is most likely another unconformity?
A) A
B) B
C) C
36. Earth's magnetic field has reversed itself several
times during the past. This pattern of magnetic
reversal is best preserved in
A) igneous bedrock of the oceanic crust
B) bedrock with fossils containing radioactive
carbon-14
C) layers of sedimentary bedrock of the Grand
Canyon
D) metamorphic bedrock in mountain ranges
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D) D
37. Which mountain range resulted from the collision of
North America and Africa, as parts of Pangea joined
together in the late Pennsylvanian Period?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Taconic Mountains
Appalachian Mountains
Acadian Mountains
Grenville Mountains
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38. Which rock is composed of the mineral halite that formed when seawater evaporated?
A) limestone
B) rock gypsum
C) rock salt
39. The diagram below represents a section of the
Earth's bedrock. The arrows show the direction of
forces that are gradually compressing this section.
D) dolostone
41. The cutaway diagram below shows the paths of
earthquake waves generated at point X.
Which diagram represents the most probable result
of these forces?
A)
B)
Only P-waves reach the side of Earth that is
opposite the focus because P-waves
A)
B)
C)
D)
C)
D)
42. Which statement best describes the relationship
between the travel rates and travel times of
earthquake P-waves and S-waves from the focus of
an earthquake to a seismograph station?
40. The diagram below shows land features that have
been disrupted by an earthquake.
Which type of crustal movement most likely caused
the displacement of features in this area?
A)
B)
C)
D)
can travel through liquids and S-waves cannot
travel faster than S-waves
travel faster than S-waves
are stronger than S-waves
vertical lifting of surface rock
folding of surface rock
down-warping of the crust
movement along a transform fault
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A) S-waves travel at a faster rate and take less
time.
B) P-waves travel at a slower rate and take less
time.
C) P-waves travel at a faster rate and take less
time.
D) S-waves travel at a slower rate and take less
time.
43. Which geologic feature is composed of the youngest
crustal bedrock?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Peru-Chile Trench
San Andreas Fault
Adirondack Mountains
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
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44. The diagram below represents the analysis of a seismogram used to calculate an earthquake's
magnitude on the Richter Scale. This seismogram shows the difference in arrival times, in seconds,
of the first P-wave and S-wave and the amplitude of the S-wave in millimeters.
The diagram below represents how the earthquake's magnitude is determined by drawing a line
connecting the difference in arrival times of the P-wave and the S-wave, and the S-wave amplitude.
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What is the magnitude of a recorded earthquake if the difference in arrival times of the first P-wave
and S-wave is 2 seconds and the S-wave amplitude is 20 millimeters?
A) 4.8
B) 3.0
C) 3.8
D) 2.0
45. The diagram below represents the intensity of the shaking that occurs on different Earth surfaces
during the same earthquake.
The greatest earthquake hazard to homes exists when they are built on
A) hard igneous rock
C) coarse sediments
B) silt and mud
D) sedimentary rock
46. On which plate is the Hawaii Hot Spot located?
A) Antarctic
C) South American
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B) Pacific
D) Nazca
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47. On the map below, line AB is drawn across several of Earth's tectonic plates in the South Atlantic
Ocean.
Which cross section best represents the plate boundaries and mantle movement beneath line AB?
A)
B)
C)
D)
48. Crustal formation, which may cause the widening of
an ocean, is most likely occurring at the boundary
between the
A) South American Plate and the North American
Plate
B) African Plate and the Eurasian Plate
C) Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate
D) Indian-Australian Plate and the Antarctic Plate
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49. Which mineral can be found in all samples of
rhyolite and andesite?
A) biotite
C) quartz
B) pyroxene
D) potassium feldspar
50. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of
7, and a composition of SiO 2?
A) Quartz
C) Garnet
B) Halite
D) Graphite
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Base your answers to questions 51 and 52 on cross section below, which shows an underwater
mountain range in the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanic bedrock is composed mainly of basalt. Points X
and Y are locations in the bedrock that have been diverging at the same rate. The movement of the
North American Plate and Eurasian Plate is shown by the two arrows.
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42. Which cross section best represents the relative locations of Earth's asthenosphere, rigid mantle, and
stiffer mantle? (The cross sections are not drawn to scale.)
A)
B)
C)
D)
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52. Which statements best describe the age and magnetic orientation of the basalts found at locations X
and Y?
A) The basalt at location X is older than the basalt at location Y. Location X has reversed magnetic
orientation and location Y has normal magnetic orientation.
B) The basalts at locations X and Yare the same age. Both locations have the same magnetic
orientation.
C) The basalt at location X is younger than the basalt at location Y. Both locations have the same
magnetic orientation.
D) The basalts at locations X and Y are the same age. Location X has normal magnetic orientation
and location Y has reversed magnetic orientation.
53. The diagram below shows how scientists think some
of Earth's continents were joined together in the
geologic past.
When do scientists think these continents were
joined together?
A) from the Devonian Period through the Triassic
Period
B) during the Cambrian Period, only
C) during the Tertiary Period, only
D) from the Cretaceous Period through the
Tertiary Period
54. Most rock gypsum is formed by the
A) chemical precipitation of minerals from
seawater
B) cooling and solidification of lava
C) heating of previously existing foliated bedrock
D) compaction and cementation of shells and
skeletal remains
55. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are
usually composed of
A)
B)
C)
D)
intergrown crystals
minerals
fossils
sediments
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56. Which cross section below best represents the crustal
plate motion that is the primary cause of the
volcanoes and deep rift valleys found at mid-ocean
ridges?
A)
B)
C)
D)
57. Which rock is usually composed of several different
minerals?
A)
B)
C)
D)
gneiss
rock gypsum
chemical limestone
quartzite
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Base your answers to questions 58 through 60 on
the passage below.
Crustal Activity at Mid-Ocean Ridges
Mid-ocean ridges are found at one type of tectonic plate boundary. These ridges consist of
extensive underwater mountain ranges split by rift valleys. The rift valleys mark places where two
crustal plates are pulling apart, widening the ocean basins, and allowing magma from the
asthenosphere to move upward. In some cases, mid-ocean ridges have migrated toward nearby
mantle hot spots. This explains why mid-ocean ridges and mantle hot spots are found together at
several locations.
58. Which mantle hot spot is located closest to a mid-ocean ridge?
A) Canary Islands B) Easter Island
C) Hawaii
D) Tasman
59. The map below shows a part of Earth’s surface. Points A through D are locations on the ocean floor.
At which location is the temperature of the ocean floor bedrock most likely highest?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
60. Which type of tectonic plate boundary is located at mid-ocean ridges?
A) divergent
B) complex
C) transform
61. Brachiopod fossils were found in a layer of
limestone rock. In which type of environment did
the limestone layer form?
A) interior grassland
C) coastal plain
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B) shallow marine
D) tropical forest
D) convergent
62. A fine-grained igneous rock composed mostly of
plagioclase feldspar and hornblende and containing
no quartz or pyroxene would be classified as
A) andesite
C) granite
B) scoria
D) peridotite
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Base your answers to questions 63 through 65 on the diagram below. The diagram shows a model of
the relationship between Earth's surface and its interior.
63. Mid-ocean ridges (rifts) normally form where tectonic plates are
A) converging
C) diverging
B) sliding past each other
D) stationary
64. The motion of the convection currents in the mantle beneath the Atlantic Ocean appears to be mainly
making this ocean basin
A) wider
B) deeper
C) narrower
D) shallower
65. According to the diagram, the deep trench along the west coast of South America is caused by
movement of the oceanic crust that is
A) sinking beneath the continental crust
B) uplifting over the continental crust
C) colliding with the Atlantic oceanic crust D) sinking at the Mid-Atlantic ridge
66. Which two rocks are primarily composed of a
mineral that bubbles with acid?
A)
B)
C)
D)
68. The diagram below represents a basic atomic
structure that forms when oxygen and silicon unite.
sandstone and quartzite
slate and conglomerate
limestone and marble
granite and dolostone
67. Which nonfoliated rock forms only in a zone of
contact metamorphism?
A) pegmatite
C) hornfels
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B) conglomerate
D) quartzite
This structure is called a
A) cylinder
C) cube
B) tetrahedron
D) sphere
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69. Which diagram best shows the grain size of some
common sedimentary rocks?
71. Which model best represents the silicon-oxygen
tetrahedron?
A)
A)
B)
B)
C)
C)
D)
D)
72. Most rocks that form from fragmental rock particles
are classified as
70. Which diagram best represents the silicon-oxygen
tetrahedron of which talc, feldspar, and quartz are
composed?
A)
B)
A)
B)
C)
D)
extrusive igneous
chemical sedimentary
clastic sedimentary
intrusive igneous
73. Particles of sediment collected from a lake bottom
averaged 1.2 centimeters in diameter. If left on the
lake bottom to become buried by more sediment and
compressed into rock, these particles would form
A) sandstone
C) conglomerate
C)
D)
74. Which sedimentary rocks are clastic and consist of
particles that have diameters smaller than 0.006
centimeter?
A)
B)
C)
D)
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B) granite
D) quartzite
conglomerate and sandstone
siltstone and shale
fossil limestone and chemical limestone
bituminous coal and breccia
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75. In which set are the rock drawings labeled with their correct rock types?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Base your answers to questions 76 through 78 on the drawings of six sedimentary rocks labeled A
through F.
76. Most of the rocks shown were formed by
A) compaction and/or cementation
C) melting and/or solidification
B) volcanic eruptions and crystallization
D) heat and pressure
77. Which two rocks are composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals?
A) sandstone and limestone
C) rock salt and conglomerate
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B) rock salt and breccia
D) sandstone and shale
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78. Which table shows the rocks correctly classified by texture?
A)
B)
C)
D)
79. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a cross section of
rock layers that have not been overturned.
Within which rock type would a fossil most likely be found?
A)
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B)
C)
D)
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Base your answers to questions 80 through 84 on the
diagrams below of five rock samples.
86. The igneous rock gabbro most likely formed from
molten material that cooled
A)
B)
C)
D)
rapidly at Earth's surface
slowly, deep underground
rapidly, deep underground
slowly at Earth's surface
87. Which process could lead directly to the formation
of pumice rock?
A)
B)
C)
D)
80. Which sample is composed of sediments 0.006
centimeter to 0.2 centimeter in size that were
compacted and cemented together?
A) gneiss
C) granite
B) conglomerate
D) sandstone
81. If granite were subjected to intense heat and
pressure, it would most likely change to
A) conglomerate
C) basalt
erosion and deposition
compaction and cementation
heat and pressure
melting and solidification
83. Which sample would most likely contain fossils?
A) granite
C) sandstone
88. Which granite sample most likely formed from
magma that cooled and solidified at the slowest rate?
A)
B)
C)
D)
B) gneiss
D) sandstone
82. The basalt was most likely formed by
A)
B)
C)
D)
metamorphism of unmelted rock material
deposition of quartz sand
explosive eruption of lava from a volcano
precipitation of minerals from evaporating
seawater
89. Which sequence of change in rock type occurs as
shale is subjected to increasing heat and pressure?
A)
B)
C)
D)
shale
shale
shale
shale
gneiss
phyllite schist slate
slate phyllite schist gneiss
schist phyllite slate gneiss
gneiss
phyllite slate schist
B) gneiss
D) basalt
84. Which sample is igneous and has a coarse texture?
A) granite
C) basalt
B) conglomerate
D) sandstone
85. Large rock salt deposits in the Syracuse area indicate
that the area once had
A)
B)
C)
D)
large forests
many terrestrial animals
a range of volcanic mountains
a warm, shallow sea
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90. The diagram below shows three stages in the formation of a specific rock.
Which rock is formed as a result of these three stages?
A) limestone
B) schist
C) gneiss
D) coal
91. Which graph best shows the relationship between the compositions of different igneous rocks and
their densities?
A)
B)
C)
D)
92. The diagram below indicates physical changes that accompany the conversion of shale to gneiss.
Which geologic process is occurring to cause this conversion?
A) intrusion of magma
C) metamorphism
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B) weathering
D) sedimentary layering
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93. The graph below shows the relationship between the cooling time of magma and the size of the
crystals produced.
Which graph correctly shows the relative positions of the igneous rocks granite, rhyolite, and
pumice?
A)
B)
C)
D)
94. The data table below lists characteristics of rocks A, B, C, and D.
Which rock is most likely phyllite?
A) A
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B) B
C) C
D) D
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Answer Key
EScAPE Q2 2017RQ
1.
A
36.
A
71.
B
2.
C
37.
B
72.
C
3.
D
38.
C
73.
C
4.
D
39.
B
74.
B
5.
D
40.
D
75.
B
6.
D
41.
A
76.
A
7.
D
42.
C
77.
D
8.
C
43.
D
78.
D
9.
A
44.
B
79.
C
10.
A
45.
B
80.
D
11.
C
46.
B
81.
B
12.
C
47.
B
82.
D
13.
B
48.
D
83.
C
14.
C
49.
A
84.
A
15.
B
50.
A
85.
D
16.
A
51.
D
86.
B
17.
A
52.
B
87.
C
18.
D
53.
A
88.
A
19.
A
54.
A
89.
B
20.
B
55.
B
90.
D
21.
C
56.
B
91.
B
22.
C
57.
A
92.
C
23.
D
58.
B
93.
C
24.
B
59.
C
94.
D
25.
B
60.
A
26.
A
61.
B
27.
A
62.
A
28.
D
63.
C
29.
C
64.
A
30.
D
65.
A
31.
A
66.
C
32.
C
67.
C
33.
A
68.
B
34.
A
69.
A
35.
C
70.
B
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