Geological Society, London, Special Publications
... year or less: Schwartz & Rokosky 2007). Intermediate slip rates are observed during afterslip following an earthquake, or during independent slow slip events (Schwartz & Rokosky 2007). The recognition of the geological signature of these different strain rates in exhumed faults has presented a chall ...
... year or less: Schwartz & Rokosky 2007). Intermediate slip rates are observed during afterslip following an earthquake, or during independent slow slip events (Schwartz & Rokosky 2007). The recognition of the geological signature of these different strain rates in exhumed faults has presented a chall ...
Geophysical imaging reveals topographic stress control of bedrock
... fracture systems, which provide preferred fluidflow paths in bedrock (7, 8), should help regulate the downward propagation of weathering. Bedrock fractures may be inherited from past tectonic or thermal events, but the common observation that fracture abundance declines with depth (9) suggests that ...
... fracture systems, which provide preferred fluidflow paths in bedrock (7, 8), should help regulate the downward propagation of weathering. Bedrock fractures may be inherited from past tectonic or thermal events, but the common observation that fracture abundance declines with depth (9) suggests that ...
The Contribution of Radiogenic Heat Production Studies to Hot Dry
... Ireland is located within stable lithosphere, unaffected by recent tectonism and volcanism. The upper crust under Ireland includes several thick Carboniferous sedimentary sequences where measured geothermal gradients are, for the most part, moderate (<25°C/km), though viable sources of geothermal en ...
... Ireland is located within stable lithosphere, unaffected by recent tectonism and volcanism. The upper crust under Ireland includes several thick Carboniferous sedimentary sequences where measured geothermal gradients are, for the most part, moderate (<25°C/km), though viable sources of geothermal en ...
Generalized statistical mechanics approaches to earthquakes and
... properties frequently observed. The scale-invariant properties, the (multi) fractal structures and the long-range interactions that have been found to characterize fault and earthquake populations have recently led to the consideration of non-extensive statistical mechanics (NESM) as a consistent st ...
... properties frequently observed. The scale-invariant properties, the (multi) fractal structures and the long-range interactions that have been found to characterize fault and earthquake populations have recently led to the consideration of non-extensive statistical mechanics (NESM) as a consistent st ...
A numerical investigation of continental collision styles
... oceanic slab. Or the overall positive buoyancy of the continental lithosphere could be reduced by offscraping part of the continental crust at the trench or delaminating the mantle lithosphere from the crust (Bird 1979), which would facilitate subduction of the remaining thinned crust and underlying ...
... oceanic slab. Or the overall positive buoyancy of the continental lithosphere could be reduced by offscraping part of the continental crust at the trench or delaminating the mantle lithosphere from the crust (Bird 1979), which would facilitate subduction of the remaining thinned crust and underlying ...
North Atlantic Igneous Province: A Review of
... of volcanic features including flood basalt traps and mafic and ultramafic complexes (Hutton, 1785). During the last 40 years, numerous seismic studies and commercial/scientific drilling have shown that this magmatic province also extends offshore. It is well developed along the Kolbeinsey and Reykj ...
... of volcanic features including flood basalt traps and mafic and ultramafic complexes (Hutton, 1785). During the last 40 years, numerous seismic studies and commercial/scientific drilling have shown that this magmatic province also extends offshore. It is well developed along the Kolbeinsey and Reykj ...
54. Regional Geology of the Goban Spur Continental Margin
... synthesis of the Goban Spur passive continental margin. The thin sediment sequence overlying basement is divided into three seismostratigraphic sequences. The lowest of these, sequence 3, occurs in fault-bounded basins, often wedgeshaped in cross-section. Intraformational reflector geometry shows th ...
... synthesis of the Goban Spur passive continental margin. The thin sediment sequence overlying basement is divided into three seismostratigraphic sequences. The lowest of these, sequence 3, occurs in fault-bounded basins, often wedgeshaped in cross-section. Intraformational reflector geometry shows th ...
Dumitru FRUNZESCU
... years, the geologists stood behind these discoveries, those men who, by their love and understanding for nature, drew up hypothesis and issued concepts regarding the evolution and structure of the earth crust-this fragile cover which protects the earth coat and accumulates, for billions and hundreds ...
... years, the geologists stood behind these discoveries, those men who, by their love and understanding for nature, drew up hypothesis and issued concepts regarding the evolution and structure of the earth crust-this fragile cover which protects the earth coat and accumulates, for billions and hundreds ...
Gravity-inferred crustal thickness of Greenland
... error over 5° results in a reduction of only 9% at this altitude (Leftwich et al., 2005). Furthermore, for terrain rock density errors, the amplitudes of the related gravity effects are diminished by more than an order of magnitude relative to the effects of the major lithospheric density contrasts. ...
... error over 5° results in a reduction of only 9% at this altitude (Leftwich et al., 2005). Furthermore, for terrain rock density errors, the amplitudes of the related gravity effects are diminished by more than an order of magnitude relative to the effects of the major lithospheric density contrasts. ...
Hotspot Geodynamics Detailed Planning Group
... (mantle viscosity structure, plume startup age, plume rise height, etc.) have been described in a number of papers by Steinberger and co-authors (starting with Steinberger and O’Connell, 1998). These models first compute the large-scale mantle flow field from internal density ...
... (mantle viscosity structure, plume startup age, plume rise height, etc.) have been described in a number of papers by Steinberger and co-authors (starting with Steinberger and O’Connell, 1998). These models first compute the large-scale mantle flow field from internal density ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS
... 2006). The inner core is heterogeneous at different scales with hemispherical velocity variations (Niu and Wen, 2001; Garcia, 2002; Cao and Romanowicz, 2004), continent scale (Stroujkova and Cormier, 2004) and short wavelength features (20–200 km) (Bréger et al., 1999). There are strong evidences fo ...
... 2006). The inner core is heterogeneous at different scales with hemispherical velocity variations (Niu and Wen, 2001; Garcia, 2002; Cao and Romanowicz, 2004), continent scale (Stroujkova and Cormier, 2004) and short wavelength features (20–200 km) (Bréger et al., 1999). There are strong evidences fo ...
Numerical modeling of geochemical variations caused by crustal
... for air, 1000 kg/m3 for sea water). The initial temperature field of the oceanic plate is defined by its oceanic geotherm [Turcotte and Schubert, 2002] for a specific lithospheric cooling age of 40 Myr. The initial temperature field of the continental plate increases linearly from 0 C at the surface to ...
... for air, 1000 kg/m3 for sea water). The initial temperature field of the oceanic plate is defined by its oceanic geotherm [Turcotte and Schubert, 2002] for a specific lithospheric cooling age of 40 Myr. The initial temperature field of the continental plate increases linearly from 0 C at the surface to ...
San Andreas offset markers.pmd
... closely spaced scatterers have potentials proportional to their relative scattering strengths. Scattering is the product of elastic heterogeneity, in particular, abrupt variation in shear and compressional wave velocity and density. Metre-scale and larger cracks and faults appear to play a prominent ...
... closely spaced scatterers have potentials proportional to their relative scattering strengths. Scattering is the product of elastic heterogeneity, in particular, abrupt variation in shear and compressional wave velocity and density. Metre-scale and larger cracks and faults appear to play a prominent ...
Dynamics of a large, restless, rhyolitic magma system
... threatening people and agriculture at the scale of an entire continent (Sparks et al., 2005; Lowenstern et al., 2006; Self, 2006). Sooner or later, Earth will experience another eruption of this magnitude (Lowenstern et al., 2006; Self and Blake, 2008); consequently, there is a need to gather compre ...
... threatening people and agriculture at the scale of an entire continent (Sparks et al., 2005; Lowenstern et al., 2006; Self, 2006). Sooner or later, Earth will experience another eruption of this magnitude (Lowenstern et al., 2006; Self and Blake, 2008); consequently, there is a need to gather compre ...
IgneousPet423-13Intro
... Volcanic rocks approximate the compositions of magmatic liquids. They represent aliquots of liquid that have escaped to the surface. The compositional variation observed in the liquids that the volcanic rocks represent is produced by varying degrees of crystal fractionation of a largely “gabbroic” m ...
... Volcanic rocks approximate the compositions of magmatic liquids. They represent aliquots of liquid that have escaped to the surface. The compositional variation observed in the liquids that the volcanic rocks represent is produced by varying degrees of crystal fractionation of a largely “gabbroic” m ...
ON THE SCALE OF MANTLE CONVECTION The relative motion of
... extending into the lower mantle. The stress state of descending slabs is consistent with mantle-wide convection, and although the slabs may encounter an increased resistance to sinking at “700 km depth there is no evidence that they are stopped by the increased resistance. Seismic heterogeneity in t ...
... extending into the lower mantle. The stress state of descending slabs is consistent with mantle-wide convection, and although the slabs may encounter an increased resistance to sinking at “700 km depth there is no evidence that they are stopped by the increased resistance. Seismic heterogeneity in t ...
Joint microseismic event location with uncertain velocity
... for the fracture size. Given the joint distribution of the event locations, we can compute the distribution of the distance between the two events. Toward that end, we generate a sample from the joint distribution and compute the distance between two points for each sample. Figure 3 shows the result ...
... for the fracture size. Given the joint distribution of the event locations, we can compute the distribution of the distance between the two events. Toward that end, we generate a sample from the joint distribution and compute the distance between two points for each sample. Figure 3 shows the result ...
Coupled evolution of Archean continental crust
... magma compositions and mantle potential temperatures (Tp) for Neoarchean “non-arc” basalts and showed that they are in the range MgO = 18%–24%, Tp = 1500–1600 °C, in contrast to modern MORB (MgO = 10%–13%, Tp = 1300– 1400 °C). Such Archean non-arc basalts represent an integrated melt fraction of ~30 ...
... magma compositions and mantle potential temperatures (Tp) for Neoarchean “non-arc” basalts and showed that they are in the range MgO = 18%–24%, Tp = 1500–1600 °C, in contrast to modern MORB (MgO = 10%–13%, Tp = 1300– 1400 °C). Such Archean non-arc basalts represent an integrated melt fraction of ~30 ...
Significance of seismic reflections beneath a tilted
... A central,22-km-longsegmentof the CALCRUST datacontains northwest dipping reflections consistent with the refraction clear deepreflections(Figures1 and 2). This segmentis entirely results, (2) a midcrustal change in reflection character, (3) a southof the WWF, whosemultiple strandsand complexfolding ...
... A central,22-km-longsegmentof the CALCRUST datacontains northwest dipping reflections consistent with the refraction clear deepreflections(Figures1 and 2). This segmentis entirely results, (2) a midcrustal change in reflection character, (3) a southof the WWF, whosemultiple strandsand complexfolding ...
The thermochemical structure and evolution of Earth`s mantle
... is not necessary if residuum can be stored for substantial time periods while the rest of the mantle becomes substantially outgassed. Mass balance. There is argued to be a primitive, primordial reservoir containing `missing’ trace elements, including heat-producing elements (HPEs) and 40Ar. This arg ...
... is not necessary if residuum can be stored for substantial time periods while the rest of the mantle becomes substantially outgassed. Mass balance. There is argued to be a primitive, primordial reservoir containing `missing’ trace elements, including heat-producing elements (HPEs) and 40Ar. This arg ...
“The “plate” model for the genesis of melting anomalies”
... The plate tectonic processes, or “plate,” model for the genesis of melting anomalies (“hotspots”) attributes them to shallow-sourced phenomena related to plate tectonics. It postulates that volcanism occurs where the lithosphere is in extension, and that the volume of melt produced is related primar ...
... The plate tectonic processes, or “plate,” model for the genesis of melting anomalies (“hotspots”) attributes them to shallow-sourced phenomena related to plate tectonics. It postulates that volcanism occurs where the lithosphere is in extension, and that the volume of melt produced is related primar ...
Tectonic wedging along the rear of the offshore Taiwan accretionary
... the large amounts of uplift in both regions. On land deformation may also be complicated by the incoming thick passive margin, but a reliable geodynamic model in the offshore region where the structures are simpler may help constrain the initial models for the arc – continent collision zone. The maj ...
... the large amounts of uplift in both regions. On land deformation may also be complicated by the incoming thick passive margin, but a reliable geodynamic model in the offshore region where the structures are simpler may help constrain the initial models for the arc – continent collision zone. The maj ...
Mountain building and mantle dynamics
... for propelling India in the present day [Becker and Faccenna, 2011] and rapid continental plate motions in general. However, the mantle drag amplitude will depend on the time-dependent vigor of mantle convection. [7] For orogens to be created and sustained, the sum of the acting forces such as slab ...
... for propelling India in the present day [Becker and Faccenna, 2011] and rapid continental plate motions in general. However, the mantle drag amplitude will depend on the time-dependent vigor of mantle convection. [7] For orogens to be created and sustained, the sum of the acting forces such as slab ...
Earthscope
Earthscope is an earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent and to understand the processes controlling earthquakes and volcanoes. The project has three components: USARRAY, the Plate Boundary Observatory, and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth.The project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the data produced is publicly accessible in real-time. Organizations associated with the project include UNAVCO, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Stanford University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Several international organizations also contribute to the initiative.