Mantle convection in the Middle East_ Reconciling Afar upwelling
... have been proposed. The presence of an active subduction system and the westward acceleration of the geodetic field argue in favor of the action of the pull of the Aegean slab system as the main engine, sucking Anatolia–Aegea toward the trench (Le Pichon, 1982; Faccenna et al., 2006; Le Pichon and Kr ...
... have been proposed. The presence of an active subduction system and the westward acceleration of the geodetic field argue in favor of the action of the pull of the Aegean slab system as the main engine, sucking Anatolia–Aegea toward the trench (Le Pichon, 1982; Faccenna et al., 2006; Le Pichon and Kr ...
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... Abstract: The paper presents the first tectonophysical reconstruction of initial divisibility of the protolithosphere as a result of convection in the cooling primitive mantle. Initial division of the protolithosphere into separate masses, i.e. prototypes of the blocks, and their size are predeter ...
... Abstract: The paper presents the first tectonophysical reconstruction of initial divisibility of the protolithosphere as a result of convection in the cooling primitive mantle. Initial division of the protolithosphere into separate masses, i.e. prototypes of the blocks, and their size are predeter ...
Yellowstone system were emplaced through cratonic lithosphere of Idaho, Montana, and
... Figure 3. The 206Pb/ 204Pb and 207Pb/ 204Pb ratios for the Yellowstone Plateau, Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Bruneau-Jarbidge, and Glenns Ferry lavas decrease from west to east. Isochron and data (small open diamonds) for Beartooth Mountains mafic igneous rocks (Wooden and Mueller, 1988) represe ...
... Figure 3. The 206Pb/ 204Pb and 207Pb/ 204Pb ratios for the Yellowstone Plateau, Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Bruneau-Jarbidge, and Glenns Ferry lavas decrease from west to east. Isochron and data (small open diamonds) for Beartooth Mountains mafic igneous rocks (Wooden and Mueller, 1988) represe ...
earthquake Andaman − Lessons from the 2004 Sumatra
... be able to greatly reduce the impact of an earthquake on our society. For this reason, there has been a great deal of interest in earthquake prediction among the public and emergency services officials. However, the term ‘Earthquake Prediction’ is often used in two different contexts (Kanamori 2002). ...
... be able to greatly reduce the impact of an earthquake on our society. For this reason, there has been a great deal of interest in earthquake prediction among the public and emergency services officials. However, the term ‘Earthquake Prediction’ is often used in two different contexts (Kanamori 2002). ...
Title Glossary of interest to earthquake and engineering
... Acronyms have been added as an extra file to this Manual (see NMSOP-2 website cover page). Alphabetization is strictly letter-by-letter of the glossary terms (in bold face), ignoring hyphenation and space between words. Words included in parenthesis are also ignored in the alphabetization. Words whi ...
... Acronyms have been added as an extra file to this Manual (see NMSOP-2 website cover page). Alphabetization is strictly letter-by-letter of the glossary terms (in bold face), ignoring hyphenation and space between words. Words included in parenthesis are also ignored in the alphabetization. Words whi ...
Insights into the lithospheric structure and tectonic setting of the
... basement. Even if the study by Gramberg et al. (2001) seems to rely on an extensive database, an unambiguous evaluation of the compilations is not possible, as a detailed description is only available in archive data at VNIIOkeangeologia, St Petersburg. Our depth to basement compilation is best cons ...
... basement. Even if the study by Gramberg et al. (2001) seems to rely on an extensive database, an unambiguous evaluation of the compilations is not possible, as a detailed description is only available in archive data at VNIIOkeangeologia, St Petersburg. Our depth to basement compilation is best cons ...
Experimental tests of simple models for the dynamics
... boundary itself. Prior analytical and numerical models apply the further simplified balance between driving plate-edge forces and retarding viscous forces to address the question of why the pole of rotation tends to lie in a complete diffuse oceanic plate boundary (Zatman et al. 2001, 2005). In part ...
... boundary itself. Prior analytical and numerical models apply the further simplified balance between driving plate-edge forces and retarding viscous forces to address the question of why the pole of rotation tends to lie in a complete diffuse oceanic plate boundary (Zatman et al. 2001, 2005). In part ...
compositional and thermal differences between lithospheric and
... asthenosphere and the cold thickened lithospheric mantle. Generally, standard delamination models have neglected density changes within the crust and the lithospheric mantle, which occur due to phase transitions and compositional variations upon changes of P-T parameters. Our attention is focused on ...
... asthenosphere and the cold thickened lithospheric mantle. Generally, standard delamination models have neglected density changes within the crust and the lithospheric mantle, which occur due to phase transitions and compositional variations upon changes of P-T parameters. Our attention is focused on ...
Earth Structure: An Introduction to Structural Geology and Tectonics
... • Diffusion: material transport in either solid-state or assisted by a fluid (dissolution). • Combination: combinations of deformation mechanisms contributing to the overall strain. www.oilexploration.ir ...
... • Diffusion: material transport in either solid-state or assisted by a fluid (dissolution). • Combination: combinations of deformation mechanisms contributing to the overall strain. www.oilexploration.ir ...
Science Article PDF - Geological Society of America
... the Antarctic Peninsula was located outboard of the southern end of South America (Grunow et al., 1992). Only in the Late Jurassic did the peninsula rotate away from southern South America (Lawver et al., 1992; Cunningham et al., 1995). In the vicinity of Bransfield basin, there is no direct evidenc ...
... the Antarctic Peninsula was located outboard of the southern end of South America (Grunow et al., 1992). Only in the Late Jurassic did the peninsula rotate away from southern South America (Lawver et al., 1992; Cunningham et al., 1995). In the vicinity of Bransfield basin, there is no direct evidenc ...
A dynamic model of hot fingers in the mantle wedge in
... Shibata and Nakamura (1997) suggested that the volume of subducted material (oceanic sediments and altered MORB) added to the mantle wedge decreases with increasing distance from the volcanic front. They suggested that the melting of these wedge additions, having been metasomatized by rising fluids, ...
... Shibata and Nakamura (1997) suggested that the volume of subducted material (oceanic sediments and altered MORB) added to the mantle wedge decreases with increasing distance from the volcanic front. They suggested that the melting of these wedge additions, having been metasomatized by rising fluids, ...
Behavior of Seismically Isolated Buildings during the 2016
... warehouses. There are some seismically isolated single-family houses in Kumamoto Prefecture. But, unfortunately, we could not identify any of them. We visually checked the inside and outside of the building and the isolation level, and at the same time, interviewed the building’s users and managers. ...
... warehouses. There are some seismically isolated single-family houses in Kumamoto Prefecture. But, unfortunately, we could not identify any of them. We visually checked the inside and outside of the building and the isolation level, and at the same time, interviewed the building’s users and managers. ...
Grand Challenges in Geodynamics
... the dynamical relationship between faulting and earthquakes. A fourth geodynamic paradigm is the geodynamo, the set of physical and chemical processes by which the geomagnetic field is sustained in Earth’s central core. This report also describes some emerging geodynamic paradigms, such as extra-sol ...
... the dynamical relationship between faulting and earthquakes. A fourth geodynamic paradigm is the geodynamo, the set of physical and chemical processes by which the geomagnetic field is sustained in Earth’s central core. This report also describes some emerging geodynamic paradigms, such as extra-sol ...
LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE OF THE ARABIAN PLATE AND
... lithospheric mantle (i.e., mantle lid). Consistent with our Sn attenuation findings, we also observed low Qpn along the western portion of the Arabian plate and along the Dead Sea fault system. Our results imply the presence of a major anomalously hot and thinned lithosphere in these regions that ma ...
... lithospheric mantle (i.e., mantle lid). Consistent with our Sn attenuation findings, we also observed low Qpn along the western portion of the Arabian plate and along the Dead Sea fault system. Our results imply the presence of a major anomalously hot and thinned lithosphere in these regions that ma ...
View/Open - Earth
... melting of the sub-axial upwelling mantle at Thetis and Nereus Deeps, the two northernmost axial segments of initial oceanic crustal accretion in the Red Sea, where Arabia is separating from Africa. The initial emplacement of oceanic crust occurred at South Thetis and Central Nereus roughly ~2.2 and ...
... melting of the sub-axial upwelling mantle at Thetis and Nereus Deeps, the two northernmost axial segments of initial oceanic crustal accretion in the Red Sea, where Arabia is separating from Africa. The initial emplacement of oceanic crust occurred at South Thetis and Central Nereus roughly ~2.2 and ...
Anorthosite and the lower crust
... SW Scandinavia terrane boundaries have been traced in deep seismic profiles to Moho offsets or to tongues of lower crustal material (the so-called Telemark Craton Tongue) underthrust to depths higher than 40-50 km (Andersson et al., 1996). In Poland the Suwalki anorthosite has emplaced in the Svecof ...
... SW Scandinavia terrane boundaries have been traced in deep seismic profiles to Moho offsets or to tongues of lower crustal material (the so-called Telemark Craton Tongue) underthrust to depths higher than 40-50 km (Andersson et al., 1996). In Poland the Suwalki anorthosite has emplaced in the Svecof ...
pdf file - University of Victoria
... about 40 km (e.g. Christensen and Mooney 1995). This thickening is approximately enough to support the high elevations, although there is another factor, thermal expansion, that is second order for this mountain belt but is the first-order cause for the Cordillera elevation, as I discuss below. For ...
... about 40 km (e.g. Christensen and Mooney 1995). This thickening is approximately enough to support the high elevations, although there is another factor, thermal expansion, that is second order for this mountain belt but is the first-order cause for the Cordillera elevation, as I discuss below. For ...
Bounds on the viscosity coefficient of continental lithosphere from
... before it was removed, is consistent with laboratory experiments on the flow of olivine or eclogite at temperatures that are reasonable for the Altiplano at the time when dense material was removed. [3] We carry out an analysis similar to that of Molnar and Jones [2004], who discussed the average vi ...
... before it was removed, is consistent with laboratory experiments on the flow of olivine or eclogite at temperatures that are reasonable for the Altiplano at the time when dense material was removed. [3] We carry out an analysis similar to that of Molnar and Jones [2004], who discussed the average vi ...
Mantle deformation beneath the Chicxulub impact crater
... understood from terrestrial field studies and laboratory tests, but the construction of large craters ...
... understood from terrestrial field studies and laboratory tests, but the construction of large craters ...
Seismic Waves NOTES.notebook
... elastic rebound Release of this energy is called ___________ ____________ ...
... elastic rebound Release of this energy is called ___________ ____________ ...
Molnar, P., and C. N. Garzione (2007), Bounds on the viscosity coefficient of continental lithosphere
... before it was removed, is consistent with laboratory experiments on the flow of olivine or eclogite at temperatures that are reasonable for the Altiplano at the time when dense material was removed. [3] We carry out an analysis similar to that of Molnar and Jones [2004], who discussed the average vi ...
... before it was removed, is consistent with laboratory experiments on the flow of olivine or eclogite at temperatures that are reasonable for the Altiplano at the time when dense material was removed. [3] We carry out an analysis similar to that of Molnar and Jones [2004], who discussed the average vi ...
imaging the upper mantle beneath turkey and surrounding regions
... This study includes two interdependent sections. The first section presents an analysis of Pn travel times to determine Pn velocity, Pn anisotropy and crustal thickness variations beneath Turkey and surroundings. Between 1999 and 2010, more than 50 000 Pn arrivals are compiled from 700 regional eart ...
... This study includes two interdependent sections. The first section presents an analysis of Pn travel times to determine Pn velocity, Pn anisotropy and crustal thickness variations beneath Turkey and surroundings. Between 1999 and 2010, more than 50 000 Pn arrivals are compiled from 700 regional eart ...
On the shallow origin of hotspots and the westward drift of the
... instead of in the upper mesosphere would imply a greater displacement between the lithosphere and mesosphere than is recorded in hotspot traces (Fig. 1). Therefore, if Hawaiian magmatism is in the upper part of the asthenosphere, there should be a deeper component of shear, which would increase the ...
... instead of in the upper mesosphere would imply a greater displacement between the lithosphere and mesosphere than is recorded in hotspot traces (Fig. 1). Therefore, if Hawaiian magmatism is in the upper part of the asthenosphere, there should be a deeper component of shear, which would increase the ...
Equivalent Heterogeneity Analysis in Anisotropic Tomography
... was first studied by Mochizuki (1997) for the special case of Radon’s problem (tomography with infinitely long rays), who found it to be non-unique. Our analysis extends this result to all array geometries and demonstrates that all such tomographic inversions are non-unique. Any travel time dataset ...
... was first studied by Mochizuki (1997) for the special case of Radon’s problem (tomography with infinitely long rays), who found it to be non-unique. Our analysis extends this result to all array geometries and demonstrates that all such tomographic inversions are non-unique. Any travel time dataset ...
Origin of dipping structures in fast
... by combining constraints from MCS data on the geometry, internal structure, amplitude and distribution of these events. We estimate the absolute reflection coefficients for the brightest events, which we use to test explanations for their amplitude. Our results, combined with published work, illuminate ...
... by combining constraints from MCS data on the geometry, internal structure, amplitude and distribution of these events. We estimate the absolute reflection coefficients for the brightest events, which we use to test explanations for their amplitude. Our results, combined with published work, illuminate ...
Earthscope
Earthscope is an earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent and to understand the processes controlling earthquakes and volcanoes. The project has three components: USARRAY, the Plate Boundary Observatory, and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth.The project is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the data produced is publicly accessible in real-time. Organizations associated with the project include UNAVCO, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Stanford University, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Several international organizations also contribute to the initiative.