Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... Karl Sims used a graph based GP approach to evolve virtual robotic creatures. The morphology of these creatures and the neural systems for controlling their muscle forces were both genetically determined [Sims, 1994]. The genotypes were structured as directed graphs of nodes and connections. When a ...
... Karl Sims used a graph based GP approach to evolve virtual robotic creatures. The morphology of these creatures and the neural systems for controlling their muscle forces were both genetically determined [Sims, 1994]. The genotypes were structured as directed graphs of nodes and connections. When a ...
1 Expression of Ion Channels in Xenopus Oocytes
... While the Xenopus oocyte system is a valuable tool for the study of ion channel function, there are a number of important factors to consider in deciding whether oocytes are the most appropriate system to use. One of the primary advantages of oocytes is that these cells do not express a large number ...
... While the Xenopus oocyte system is a valuable tool for the study of ion channel function, there are a number of important factors to consider in deciding whether oocytes are the most appropriate system to use. One of the primary advantages of oocytes is that these cells do not express a large number ...
Course of spinocerebellar axons in the ventral and lateral funiculi of
... In an earlier study we used a retrograde tracing technique to investigate the location and course of spinocerebellar axons in the spinal cord of the cat following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-HRP into the anterior lobe, the main area of termination of spi ...
... In an earlier study we used a retrograde tracing technique to investigate the location and course of spinocerebellar axons in the spinal cord of the cat following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-HRP into the anterior lobe, the main area of termination of spi ...
Potassium channels in C. elegans
... Voltage-gated potassium channels are the largest class of 6TM channels. These channels are activated by depolarization, but function with a wide diversity of activation and inactivation kinetics. In mammals, these channels are widely expressed in brain, muscle and heart where they control complex wa ...
... Voltage-gated potassium channels are the largest class of 6TM channels. These channels are activated by depolarization, but function with a wide diversity of activation and inactivation kinetics. In mammals, these channels are widely expressed in brain, muscle and heart where they control complex wa ...
Fig. 1
... demonstrated that axon specification and neuronal polarization occurs during the first 24 h [7], when our study shows a significant change in Hsp90 expression levels. Hence, we studied the morphology and polarization of cultured hippocampal neurons at 3 DIV with or without the previous addition of an H ...
... demonstrated that axon specification and neuronal polarization occurs during the first 24 h [7], when our study shows a significant change in Hsp90 expression levels. Hence, we studied the morphology and polarization of cultured hippocampal neurons at 3 DIV with or without the previous addition of an H ...
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... space is directly responsible for the generation of field potentials (Fig. 2.3). Particular significance must be ascribed to the synaptic processes as causing events for the field potentials in question, especially for their time course. In accordance with these statements, the generation of extrace ...
... space is directly responsible for the generation of field potentials (Fig. 2.3). Particular significance must be ascribed to the synaptic processes as causing events for the field potentials in question, especially for their time course. In accordance with these statements, the generation of extrace ...
Axon Guidance by Growth Cones and Branches: Common
... the periphery (Fig. 4). Recent live-cell imaging studies have shown that microtubules do not remain confined to the central region but penetrate into the growth cone periphery and even invade filopodia where they align with actin filament bundles (Dent and Kalil 2001; Schaefer and others 2002). Duri ...
... the periphery (Fig. 4). Recent live-cell imaging studies have shown that microtubules do not remain confined to the central region but penetrate into the growth cone periphery and even invade filopodia where they align with actin filament bundles (Dent and Kalil 2001; Schaefer and others 2002). Duri ...
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... lecular protein complexes that form these channels comprise numerous subunits with distinct structural and functional features. All mammalian VDICs contain one (Nav, Cav) or four (Kv) transmembrane pore-forming and voltage-sensing subunit(s) termed ␣ (for Nav and Kv) or ␣1 (for Cav). These polypepti ...
... lecular protein complexes that form these channels comprise numerous subunits with distinct structural and functional features. All mammalian VDICs contain one (Nav, Cav) or four (Kv) transmembrane pore-forming and voltage-sensing subunit(s) termed ␣ (for Nav and Kv) or ␣1 (for Cav). These polypepti ...
relation between cell size and response characteristics of
... resents a linear, time-invariant, noise-free system. A comparable analysis also was performed on the second and third harmonics. We considered to be positive only those units displaying a stable resting discharge, a coherence coefficient of the first harmonic to successive cycles of stimulation >0.8 ...
... resents a linear, time-invariant, noise-free system. A comparable analysis also was performed on the second and third harmonics. We considered to be positive only those units displaying a stable resting discharge, a coherence coefficient of the first harmonic to successive cycles of stimulation >0.8 ...
Neural Tissue
... Perikaryon contains neurofilaments and neurotubules. Contains organelles that provide energy and synthesize organic materials such as the neurotransmitters necessary for cell-to-cell communication Some areas contain clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes that are called Nis ...
... Perikaryon contains neurofilaments and neurotubules. Contains organelles that provide energy and synthesize organic materials such as the neurotransmitters necessary for cell-to-cell communication Some areas contain clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes that are called Nis ...
Vagal Ischemia Induced Lung Immune Component Infarct Following
... of efferent and afferent vagal reflex pathways that regulate respiration. The GPN, other lower cranial nerves and upper cervical spinal nerves are injured as well. Disruption extends into the cervical spinal canal, aggravating the mortal effects of SAH. These result in alteration in breathing patter ...
... of efferent and afferent vagal reflex pathways that regulate respiration. The GPN, other lower cranial nerves and upper cervical spinal nerves are injured as well. Disruption extends into the cervical spinal canal, aggravating the mortal effects of SAH. These result in alteration in breathing patter ...
Ways of Ion Channel Gating in Plant Cells
... 1996) or dephosphorylation events associated with [Ca2 ]cyt increase (e.g. by calcium-dependent phosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana guard cellsÐMacRobbie, 1997). In mesophyll and guard cells of Vicia faba there are outwardrectifying K channels regulated by calcium and G-protein interaction as wel ...
... 1996) or dephosphorylation events associated with [Ca2 ]cyt increase (e.g. by calcium-dependent phosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana guard cellsÐMacRobbie, 1997). In mesophyll and guard cells of Vicia faba there are outwardrectifying K channels regulated by calcium and G-protein interaction as wel ...
Word Definition 12 Cranial Nerve innervation of
... cell and one cell that remains in the cell cycle. The post-mitotic cell migrates towards its final location. Many neurons of auditory cortical areas are selectively responsive to temporal patterns of auditory stimuli, e.g., frequency modulation of tones. Areas have been found that appear to respond ...
... cell and one cell that remains in the cell cycle. The post-mitotic cell migrates towards its final location. Many neurons of auditory cortical areas are selectively responsive to temporal patterns of auditory stimuli, e.g., frequency modulation of tones. Areas have been found that appear to respond ...
video slide - Course
... – Provide structural support for neurons and regulate the extracellular concentrations of ions and neurotransmitters ...
... – Provide structural support for neurons and regulate the extracellular concentrations of ions and neurotransmitters ...
Pacemaker Potentials for the Periodic Burst Discharge in the Heart
... ranged between 50 and 150 MS. To avoid the insertion of a second electrode we sometimes used a bridge circuit (Araki and Otani, 1955) to pass current through the cell membrane. With this technique, however, the electrode resistance often changed, and the balance of the bridge became uncertain to som ...
... ranged between 50 and 150 MS. To avoid the insertion of a second electrode we sometimes used a bridge circuit (Araki and Otani, 1955) to pass current through the cell membrane. With this technique, however, the electrode resistance often changed, and the balance of the bridge became uncertain to som ...
- Wiley Online Library
... The mitochondria in the cell body and processes showed a wide distribution of sizes that ranged from 0.4 to 5.0 μm in length. To determine the effect of size on the transport properties of mitochondria, the population was divided into two groups: small (length ≤ 1500 nm with a mean of 0.72 ± 0.02 μm ...
... The mitochondria in the cell body and processes showed a wide distribution of sizes that ranged from 0.4 to 5.0 μm in length. To determine the effect of size on the transport properties of mitochondria, the population was divided into two groups: small (length ≤ 1500 nm with a mean of 0.72 ± 0.02 μm ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
Physiological implications of the regulation of vacuolar
... In rat cortical late distal tubules, microperfusion experiments have shown that the rate of proton secretion by H+ATPase was also dependent on chloride transport, since the inhibition of Cl- channels by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) markedly reduced distal tubule acidification, ...
... In rat cortical late distal tubules, microperfusion experiments have shown that the rate of proton secretion by H+ATPase was also dependent on chloride transport, since the inhibition of Cl- channels by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB) markedly reduced distal tubule acidification, ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... 6. Ask students to work in teams of 2-4 students to follow the instructions for Part 1: What are the parts of a neuron? Encourage students to use the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons as they work. 7. Check students’ structure label cards on the neuron. Initial on the line for teacher initia ...
... 6. Ask students to work in teams of 2-4 students to follow the instructions for Part 1: What are the parts of a neuron? Encourage students to use the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons as they work. 7. Check students’ structure label cards on the neuron. Initial on the line for teacher initia ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... 6. Ask students to work in teams of 2-4 students to follow the instructions for Part 1: What are the parts of a neuron? Encourage students to use the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons as they work. 7. Check students’ structure label cards on the neuron. Initial on the line for teacher initia ...
... 6. Ask students to work in teams of 2-4 students to follow the instructions for Part 1: What are the parts of a neuron? Encourage students to use the information in the Biology Brief: Neurons as they work. 7. Check students’ structure label cards on the neuron. Initial on the line for teacher initia ...
Left-right axis determination - Izpisua Belmonte Lab
... fish and amphibians before the action of cilia and the leftward fluid flow. In zebrafish embryos the earliest element known to control L–R axis determination is the action of the H+ /K+ ATPase.43 Interestingly, this activity does not alter cilia or fluid flow dynamics, which emerge at later stages.4 ...
... fish and amphibians before the action of cilia and the leftward fluid flow. In zebrafish embryos the earliest element known to control L–R axis determination is the action of the H+ /K+ ATPase.43 Interestingly, this activity does not alter cilia or fluid flow dynamics, which emerge at later stages.4 ...
Left–right asymmetry: cilia stir up new surprises in the node
... Cilia are microtubule-based hair-like organelles that project from the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play critical roles in cellular motility, fluid transport and a variety of signal transduction pathways. While we have a good appreciation of the mechanisms of ciliary biogenesis and the det ...
... Cilia are microtubule-based hair-like organelles that project from the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play critical roles in cellular motility, fluid transport and a variety of signal transduction pathways. While we have a good appreciation of the mechanisms of ciliary biogenesis and the det ...
Alan Peters
... wife to work, so there was only my father's income to support the family. N o t t i n g h a m was basically an industrial town, and most of the neighbors worked in the lace trade, at Players tobacco factory, in the local coal mine, or at a factory t h a t made bicycles. Nevertheless, it was a friend ...
... wife to work, so there was only my father's income to support the family. N o t t i n g h a m was basically an industrial town, and most of the neighbors worked in the lace trade, at Players tobacco factory, in the local coal mine, or at a factory t h a t made bicycles. Nevertheless, it was a friend ...
Learning Modules - Medical Gross Anatomy Nervous System
... organelles to provide for general metabolism and cellular maintenance. Second, they have processes specialized to receive(dendrites) and transmit (axons) signals. They have one to many dendrites, some of which have special endings that receive specific types of stimuli, such as pressure or temperatu ...
... organelles to provide for general metabolism and cellular maintenance. Second, they have processes specialized to receive(dendrites) and transmit (axons) signals. They have one to many dendrites, some of which have special endings that receive specific types of stimuli, such as pressure or temperatu ...
Node of Ranvier
The nodes of Ranvier also known as myelin sheath gaps, are the gaps (approximately 1 micrometer in length) formed between the myelin sheaths generated by different cells. A myelin sheath is a many-layered coating, largely composed of a fatty substance called myelin, that wraps around the axon of a neuron and very efficiently insulates it. At nodes of Ranvier, the axonal membrane is uninsulated and, therefore, capable of generating electrical activity.