Intracellular and extracellular signatures of action potentials
... malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of action potential generation, its impact on extracellular field and local network establishme ...
... malfunction of firing of action potentials might lead to various neurological diseases. Although it has been studied for years, many questions remain unanswered. The present work is dedicated to the study of action potential generation, its impact on extracellular field and local network establishme ...
Growth Cones Are Not Required for Initial Establishment of Polarity
... Competition for axonal character is not dependent on growth cones To test whether growth cone motility was essential for the establishment of only a single axon, we eliminated growth cones by disrupting the actin filaments that are required for both the maintenance of growth cone morphology and for ...
... Competition for axonal character is not dependent on growth cones To test whether growth cone motility was essential for the establishment of only a single axon, we eliminated growth cones by disrupting the actin filaments that are required for both the maintenance of growth cone morphology and for ...
video slide
... salt solution. One end of the tube tapers to an extremely fine tip (diameter < 1 µm). While looking through a microscope, the experimenter uses a micropositioner to insert the tip of the microelectrode into a cell. A voltage recorder (usually an oscilloscope or a computer-based system) measures the ...
... salt solution. One end of the tube tapers to an extremely fine tip (diameter < 1 µm). While looking through a microscope, the experimenter uses a micropositioner to insert the tip of the microelectrode into a cell. A voltage recorder (usually an oscilloscope or a computer-based system) measures the ...
Dendritic Signal Integration
... approaches. Basic anatomical methods define the architecture of dendritic trees, while electron microscopic analysis provides detailed information about the fine structure of dendrites, spines, and synapses, as well as organelles that influence the function of dendrites. Antibodies against ion chann ...
... approaches. Basic anatomical methods define the architecture of dendritic trees, while electron microscopic analysis provides detailed information about the fine structure of dendrites, spines, and synapses, as well as organelles that influence the function of dendrites. Antibodies against ion chann ...
The Netrins Define a Family of Axon Outgrowth
... of figure). Of each fraction, 100 pl was TCA precipitated and subjected to SDS-PAGE (12.5% gel) and silver staining. (C and D) Purification and separation of the netrins by IMAC on a ZnQharged resin. (C), absorbance at 280 nm and the pH of the 1 ml fractions generated during the MAC step. Fractions ...
... of figure). Of each fraction, 100 pl was TCA precipitated and subjected to SDS-PAGE (12.5% gel) and silver staining. (C and D) Purification and separation of the netrins by IMAC on a ZnQharged resin. (C), absorbance at 280 nm and the pH of the 1 ml fractions generated during the MAC step. Fractions ...
PDF
... expressed in the motoneuron progenitor (pMN) domain, such as Nkx6.1 (Cheesman et al., 2004), are good candidates for performing this function. The Nkx6 transcription factor family is important in formation of mouse spinal motoneurons. One family member, Nkx6.1, is expressed in the spinal cord pMN do ...
... expressed in the motoneuron progenitor (pMN) domain, such as Nkx6.1 (Cheesman et al., 2004), are good candidates for performing this function. The Nkx6 transcription factor family is important in formation of mouse spinal motoneurons. One family member, Nkx6.1, is expressed in the spinal cord pMN do ...
The Origins of Two-State Spontaneous Membrane Potential
... matched those of spiny neurons as described in previous studies (Wilson and Groves, 1980). An example showing spontaneous activity of one of these cells is shown in Figure 2. In all control cells, the membrane potential switched between two relatively constant subthreshold levels. Quantification of ...
... matched those of spiny neurons as described in previous studies (Wilson and Groves, 1980). An example showing spontaneous activity of one of these cells is shown in Figure 2. In all control cells, the membrane potential switched between two relatively constant subthreshold levels. Quantification of ...
Pathophysiology of Paresthesia
... “free” nerve endings or hederiform nerve organs (e.g., Merkel cells). The term free terminal nerve ending refers to a slight axon expansion that still contains perineural cells including cytoplasm of Schwann cells and multiple cell organelles. In the dermal part, we have free sensory nerve endings, ...
... “free” nerve endings or hederiform nerve organs (e.g., Merkel cells). The term free terminal nerve ending refers to a slight axon expansion that still contains perineural cells including cytoplasm of Schwann cells and multiple cell organelles. In the dermal part, we have free sensory nerve endings, ...
Reciprocal myocardial-endocardial interactions
... Several endocardial-derived factors have previously been reported to be inducers of fast conduction fate in myocardial cells at later stages of heart development (Gourdie et al., 1998; Hall et al., 2004; Patel and Kos, 2005; Rentschler et al., 2002; Sedmera et al., 2008; TakebayashiSuzuki et al., 20 ...
... Several endocardial-derived factors have previously been reported to be inducers of fast conduction fate in myocardial cells at later stages of heart development (Gourdie et al., 1998; Hall et al., 2004; Patel and Kos, 2005; Rentschler et al., 2002; Sedmera et al., 2008; TakebayashiSuzuki et al., 20 ...
Mechanisms of developmental neurite pruning
... processes such as axon pruning, elimination, and degeneration. In this review, we will focus on processes that occur on the scale of axons and dendrites but not on the scale of individual synapses. Additionally, we will focus on remodeling of connections that do not involve neuronal cell death. (Oth ...
... processes such as axon pruning, elimination, and degeneration. In this review, we will focus on processes that occur on the scale of axons and dendrites but not on the scale of individual synapses. Additionally, we will focus on remodeling of connections that do not involve neuronal cell death. (Oth ...
Morphometric analysis of neural tissue following the
... of the cat brelimb. Morphological assessment was made by comparing a given cat's implanted limb with its own contralateral unoperated control limb. This thesis addressed many of the weaknesses found in previous studies in the literature. It was unique in trying to correlate morphometric v,ariables w ...
... of the cat brelimb. Morphological assessment was made by comparing a given cat's implanted limb with its own contralateral unoperated control limb. This thesis addressed many of the weaknesses found in previous studies in the literature. It was unique in trying to correlate morphometric v,ariables w ...
Multiple Modes of Action Potential Initiation and Propagation in
... and the dual electrode recordings. In simulations of actionpotential initiation in response to injected current, shifts in action-potential initiation between different sites and changes in the direction of propagation can be reproduced very accurately (Shen et al. 1999). In that model, the shifting ...
... and the dual electrode recordings. In simulations of actionpotential initiation in response to injected current, shifts in action-potential initiation between different sites and changes in the direction of propagation can be reproduced very accurately (Shen et al. 1999). In that model, the shifting ...
From Membrane to Cytoskeleton: Minireview
... ligands or cytoskeletal associations. In Drosophila, previous work has demonstrated that the phosphatases Dlar, DPTP69D, and DPTP99A are required for entry of the ISNb growth cones into the muscle field and for ISNb defasciculation (e.g., Krueger et al., 1996). In the mouse, a hypomorphic lar mutati ...
... ligands or cytoskeletal associations. In Drosophila, previous work has demonstrated that the phosphatases Dlar, DPTP69D, and DPTP99A are required for entry of the ISNb growth cones into the muscle field and for ISNb defasciculation (e.g., Krueger et al., 1996). In the mouse, a hypomorphic lar mutati ...
Hoopfer et al., Supplemental Data Supplemental Figure S1
... points the protective effect of UBP2 is less than that of Wlds, which strongly prevent ORN degeneration (compare Figures 4D3 and 4F3). Number of brains quantified: 5 days after cut, wt (14), UBP2 (23); 10 days after cut, wt (13), UBP2 (23). Error bars represent SEM. Methods: Quantification was perfo ...
... points the protective effect of UBP2 is less than that of Wlds, which strongly prevent ORN degeneration (compare Figures 4D3 and 4F3). Number of brains quantified: 5 days after cut, wt (14), UBP2 (23); 10 days after cut, wt (13), UBP2 (23). Error bars represent SEM. Methods: Quantification was perfo ...
nervous tissue, 030717
... Bipolar neurons have one main dendrite and one axon—they are found in some sensory systems including the retina, inner ear, and olfactory area of the brain. ...
... Bipolar neurons have one main dendrite and one axon—they are found in some sensory systems including the retina, inner ear, and olfactory area of the brain. ...
peripheral neuropathy
... sensory nerve cell bodies, followed by degeneration of their processes. Special permeability of the blood vessels in the dorsal root and Gasserian ganglia make these neurons particularly vulnerable to certain toxins. Two common examples of somatic sensory neuronopathies include the paraneoplastic su ...
... sensory nerve cell bodies, followed by degeneration of their processes. Special permeability of the blood vessels in the dorsal root and Gasserian ganglia make these neurons particularly vulnerable to certain toxins. Two common examples of somatic sensory neuronopathies include the paraneoplastic su ...
Neuromas
... If the barrier is broken , the regenerating axons grow out of the end of the severed nerve in an attempt to reenter their original endoneural tubes distally to reach the end organs they originally innervated. If the barrier is not broken regenerating axons remain in their original endoneural tubes ...
... If the barrier is broken , the regenerating axons grow out of the end of the severed nerve in an attempt to reenter their original endoneural tubes distally to reach the end organs they originally innervated. If the barrier is not broken regenerating axons remain in their original endoneural tubes ...
Nerve Regeneration in C. elegans after femtosecond laser axotomy
... This shows that not only the damage extent is less than a few micrometers, but we can also selectively cut individual nerve processes. The assessment of damage and the resulting response of the tissue after laser operation are important for understanding tissue permissivity factors on nerve regenera ...
... This shows that not only the damage extent is less than a few micrometers, but we can also selectively cut individual nerve processes. The assessment of damage and the resulting response of the tissue after laser operation are important for understanding tissue permissivity factors on nerve regenera ...
Degeneration and Regeneration in Crustacean
... FIG. 2. Electron micrographs of the two motor Typical motor nerve terminal on the opener musaxons which innervate the opener muscle. A, cle from an animal in which the distal stump of Branches of nonlesioned (control) axons taken the severed excitatory axon showed normal nerve from the midpropodite. ...
... FIG. 2. Electron micrographs of the two motor Typical motor nerve terminal on the opener musaxons which innervate the opener muscle. A, cle from an animal in which the distal stump of Branches of nonlesioned (control) axons taken the severed excitatory axon showed normal nerve from the midpropodite. ...
Submembraneous microtubule cytoskeleton: biochemical and
... tyrosinated tubulin (a marker for dynamic microtubules), detyrosinated tubulin, acetylated tubulin, polyglutamylated tubulin, phospho (serine) tubulin and neurone-specific b-III tubulin (all markers for stable microtubules) interact with TRPV1-Ct [29]. This implies that TRPV1 interacts not only with ...
... tyrosinated tubulin (a marker for dynamic microtubules), detyrosinated tubulin, acetylated tubulin, polyglutamylated tubulin, phospho (serine) tubulin and neurone-specific b-III tubulin (all markers for stable microtubules) interact with TRPV1-Ct [29]. This implies that TRPV1 interacts not only with ...
CLC Chloride Channels in Caenorhabditis elegans*
... studied in transgenic C. elegans. CeCLC-4 was specifically expressed in the large H-shaped excretory cell, where it was co-expressed with CeCLC-3, which is also expressed in other cells, including neurons, muscles, and epithelial cells. Also, CeCLC-2 was expressed in several cells of the nervous sys ...
... studied in transgenic C. elegans. CeCLC-4 was specifically expressed in the large H-shaped excretory cell, where it was co-expressed with CeCLC-3, which is also expressed in other cells, including neurons, muscles, and epithelial cells. Also, CeCLC-2 was expressed in several cells of the nervous sys ...
Single Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons Form Widely Spread
... Double immunoperoxidase staining for GFP and -opioid receptor. All the sections containing single palGFP-labeled and TH-immunopositive neurons were incubated overnight with a mixture of 0.4 g/ml affinitypurified rabbit antibody to GFP (Tamamaki et al., 2000) and 2 g/ml affinity-purified guinea pi ...
... Double immunoperoxidase staining for GFP and -opioid receptor. All the sections containing single palGFP-labeled and TH-immunopositive neurons were incubated overnight with a mixture of 0.4 g/ml affinitypurified rabbit antibody to GFP (Tamamaki et al., 2000) and 2 g/ml affinity-purified guinea pi ...
WldS and PGC-1 Regulate Mitochondrial Transport and Oxidation
... distal region 20 min post-axotomy (mpa). G, H, The distal axon ultimately fragmented synchronously: the entire detached axon was intact 65 mpa (G), and had fragmented by 75 mpa (H ). I, Quantification of mitochondrial motility before and at various time points after axotomy. Adjacent to the injury, ...
... distal region 20 min post-axotomy (mpa). G, H, The distal axon ultimately fragmented synchronously: the entire detached axon was intact 65 mpa (G), and had fragmented by 75 mpa (H ). I, Quantification of mitochondrial motility before and at various time points after axotomy. Adjacent to the injury, ...
Node of Ranvier
The nodes of Ranvier also known as myelin sheath gaps, are the gaps (approximately 1 micrometer in length) formed between the myelin sheaths generated by different cells. A myelin sheath is a many-layered coating, largely composed of a fatty substance called myelin, that wraps around the axon of a neuron and very efficiently insulates it. At nodes of Ranvier, the axonal membrane is uninsulated and, therefore, capable of generating electrical activity.