DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS DA VIDA
... The Nervous System is the body’s collector, storage center and control system of information. As a primary function it collects information, analyzes it and initiates an appropriate response. Due to its complexity it is responsible for the control of all the biological processes in the body, which i ...
... The Nervous System is the body’s collector, storage center and control system of information. As a primary function it collects information, analyzes it and initiates an appropriate response. Due to its complexity it is responsible for the control of all the biological processes in the body, which i ...
ACTIN CYTOSKELETON REGULATION IN NEURONAL
... branch in characteristic locations along their paths, connecting with multiple targets in different regions of the nervous system. Dendrites usually do not extend over as long a distance away from the cell body as axons but often branch extensively, giving rise to dendritic trees characteristic of a ...
... branch in characteristic locations along their paths, connecting with multiple targets in different regions of the nervous system. Dendrites usually do not extend over as long a distance away from the cell body as axons but often branch extensively, giving rise to dendritic trees characteristic of a ...
Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... having specific sites capable of blocking the passage of ions and small molecules [20]. The molecular and morphological diversity of glial populations is impressive. Extensive enhancer-trap analyses [21] and glial gene expression studies [22] have identified diverse molecular subclasses of glia in t ...
... having specific sites capable of blocking the passage of ions and small molecules [20]. The molecular and morphological diversity of glial populations is impressive. Extensive enhancer-trap analyses [21] and glial gene expression studies [22] have identified diverse molecular subclasses of glia in t ...
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
... postsynaptic receptors change with distance from the soma. Evidence from the goldfish Mauthner cell indicates that the size of postsynaptic glycine receptor clusters increases with distance from the soma [7]. In CA1 pyramidal neurons, experiments using local uncaging of caged glutamate have shown th ...
... postsynaptic receptors change with distance from the soma. Evidence from the goldfish Mauthner cell indicates that the size of postsynaptic glycine receptor clusters increases with distance from the soma [7]. In CA1 pyramidal neurons, experiments using local uncaging of caged glutamate have shown th ...
Chapter 20
... iv. autonomic motor pathways consist of sets of two motor neurons in series: a. the first neuron has its cell body in the CNS and its myelinated axon extends from the CNS to an autonomic ganglion b. the second neuron has its cell body in the autonomic ganglion and its unmyelinated axon extends direc ...
... iv. autonomic motor pathways consist of sets of two motor neurons in series: a. the first neuron has its cell body in the CNS and its myelinated axon extends from the CNS to an autonomic ganglion b. the second neuron has its cell body in the autonomic ganglion and its unmyelinated axon extends direc ...
Article Full Text PDF
... quick escape (or startle) response which removes them from a dangerous situation and thereby contributes to survival. M-cells are highly integrative cells for motor behavior, and a part of the ‘‘brainstem escape network’’ (Eaton et al., 1991). M-cells are unique in the vertebrate central nervous sys ...
... quick escape (or startle) response which removes them from a dangerous situation and thereby contributes to survival. M-cells are highly integrative cells for motor behavior, and a part of the ‘‘brainstem escape network’’ (Eaton et al., 1991). M-cells are unique in the vertebrate central nervous sys ...
Intracellular control of developmental and regenerative axon growth
... involve reorganization of axonal cytoskeleton, including microtubules and actin filaments. Thus, an important question is how PI3K mediates neurotrophin signals to the axonal cytoskeleton that control axon assembly. PI3K can also regulate axon morphogenesis by controlling a number of processes that ...
... involve reorganization of axonal cytoskeleton, including microtubules and actin filaments. Thus, an important question is how PI3K mediates neurotrophin signals to the axonal cytoskeleton that control axon assembly. PI3K can also regulate axon morphogenesis by controlling a number of processes that ...
51:64-72 - Boston College
... in global alteration of gene levels (Fig. 2B). Alternatively, injecting embryos at later stages, for example 16–64 cell, allows the restriction of gene manipulations to a more specific tissue [9,10] (Fig. 2C). Compared to other systems, X. laevis neurons can be simply isolated and maintained at room ...
... in global alteration of gene levels (Fig. 2B). Alternatively, injecting embryos at later stages, for example 16–64 cell, allows the restriction of gene manipulations to a more specific tissue [9,10] (Fig. 2C). Compared to other systems, X. laevis neurons can be simply isolated and maintained at room ...
Accelerating axonal growth promotes motor
... in all patients, motor recovery was limited. Thus, absence of motor recovery after nerve damage may result from a failure of synapse reformation after prolonged denervation rather than a failure of axonal growth. Introduction The molecular machinery necessary for axon formation and elongation is pre ...
... in all patients, motor recovery was limited. Thus, absence of motor recovery after nerve damage may result from a failure of synapse reformation after prolonged denervation rather than a failure of axonal growth. Introduction The molecular machinery necessary for axon formation and elongation is pre ...
Anatomy Review - Interactive Physiology
... ________ or __________, and the signal can be modified as it passes from one neuron to the next. a. electrical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory b. chemical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory 29. (Page 7.) Chemical synapses are the most common type of ________, and they are associated with the most com ...
... ________ or __________, and the signal can be modified as it passes from one neuron to the next. a. electrical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory b. chemical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory 29. (Page 7.) Chemical synapses are the most common type of ________, and they are associated with the most com ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... In cerebral cortex of rat and monkey, the neuropeptide somatostatin (SOM) marks a population of nonpyramidal cells (McDonald et al. [1982] J. Neurocytol. 11:809 – 824; Hendry et al. [1984] J. Neurosci. 4:2497:2517; Laemle and Feldman [1985] J. Comp. Neurol. 233:452– 462; Meineke and Peters [1986] J. ...
... In cerebral cortex of rat and monkey, the neuropeptide somatostatin (SOM) marks a population of nonpyramidal cells (McDonald et al. [1982] J. Neurocytol. 11:809 – 824; Hendry et al. [1984] J. Neurosci. 4:2497:2517; Laemle and Feldman [1985] J. Comp. Neurol. 233:452– 462; Meineke and Peters [1986] J. ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
... the basis of their location during recording (i.e., within a laminae rather than interlaminar), and this was verified by locating a subpopulation of 14 of these cells after biocytin labeling (Fig. 2). Every one of these cells had morphological characteristics of intralaminar interneurons, including ...
book - Electrophysiology of the Neuron
... membrane potential of the cell, which is calculated using the GHK constant field equation (see Chapter 4 in Neurobiology). The term "leak" refers to the fact that the permeability of the membrane to these ions does not change with changes in membrane potential and contributes substantially to the re ...
... membrane potential of the cell, which is calculated using the GHK constant field equation (see Chapter 4 in Neurobiology). The term "leak" refers to the fact that the permeability of the membrane to these ions does not change with changes in membrane potential and contributes substantially to the re ...
free!
... membrane potential of the cell, which is calculated using the GHK constant field equation (see Chapter 4 in Neurobiology). The term "leak" refers to the fact that the permeability of the membrane to these ions does not change with changes in membrane potential and contributes substantially to the re ...
... membrane potential of the cell, which is calculated using the GHK constant field equation (see Chapter 4 in Neurobiology). The term "leak" refers to the fact that the permeability of the membrane to these ions does not change with changes in membrane potential and contributes substantially to the re ...
Dendritic ion channel trafficking and plasticity
... also activates intracellular signaling pathways that modify dendritic ion channel activity, local excitability and, perhaps, cell-wide excitability or ‘intrinsic plasticity’ [8,9] (Figure 1). Often these activity-dependent changes in dendritic ion channel function are stabilizing and limit the extre ...
... also activates intracellular signaling pathways that modify dendritic ion channel activity, local excitability and, perhaps, cell-wide excitability or ‘intrinsic plasticity’ [8,9] (Figure 1). Often these activity-dependent changes in dendritic ion channel function are stabilizing and limit the extre ...
Emerging roles of Axin in cerebral cortical development
... axon toward the opposite direction. The cell body continues to migrate along radial glial fibers towards the cortical plate and past the existing layers of neurons. Thus, cortical layers are created in an inside-out manner, with the early- and later-born neurons occupying the deeper and superficial ...
... axon toward the opposite direction. The cell body continues to migrate along radial glial fibers towards the cortical plate and past the existing layers of neurons. Thus, cortical layers are created in an inside-out manner, with the early- and later-born neurons occupying the deeper and superficial ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... pondence. Projections of the lateral geniculate body to the occipital cortex were also shown by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organiz ...
... pondence. Projections of the lateral geniculate body to the occipital cortex were also shown by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organiz ...
Sensory Nerves in Adult Rats Regenerate and Restore Sensory
... (mDCN T13) on the left side. Crushing of selected nerves was done with specially ground smooth-jawed forceps at selected regions between the nerve exit point from the body wall and the point of entry into the skin. The forceps were applied to two or three sites about 1 mm apart, for three episodes o ...
... (mDCN T13) on the left side. Crushing of selected nerves was done with specially ground smooth-jawed forceps at selected regions between the nerve exit point from the body wall and the point of entry into the skin. The forceps were applied to two or three sites about 1 mm apart, for three episodes o ...
A new look at sodium channel b subunits
... Figure 1. A simplified cartoon showing the main events underlying the action potential. (a) Neurons and other electrically excitable cells maintain a plasma membrane resting potential of about 270 mV (the membrane potential is defined relative to the extracellular medium; a potential of 270 mV impli ...
... Figure 1. A simplified cartoon showing the main events underlying the action potential. (a) Neurons and other electrically excitable cells maintain a plasma membrane resting potential of about 270 mV (the membrane potential is defined relative to the extracellular medium; a potential of 270 mV impli ...
Short English summery Thesis OuTline
... lesions. It has been suggested that in MS lesions foamy macrophages have a AA phenotype, since they expressed little pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In vitro, myelin ingestion was found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response. We hypothesized that activation of liver X receptor (LXR) b ...
... lesions. It has been suggested that in MS lesions foamy macrophages have a AA phenotype, since they expressed little pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In vitro, myelin ingestion was found to inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) response. We hypothesized that activation of liver X receptor (LXR) b ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan Grant-in-Aid 07279101. We thank Hironobu Katsumaru, Yoichi Oda, Edward Ruthazar, Ryuichi Shirasaki, and Michael Spooner for critically reading this manuscript, Hironobu Katsumaru, Tong-Hang Go, and Kouichi Hashimoto for p ...
... This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan Grant-in-Aid 07279101. We thank Hironobu Katsumaru, Yoichi Oda, Edward Ruthazar, Ryuichi Shirasaki, and Michael Spooner for critically reading this manuscript, Hironobu Katsumaru, Tong-Hang Go, and Kouichi Hashimoto for p ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... secretions, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and many other activities • Some of the above functions are controlled almost entirely and some only partially by the autonomic nervous system. ...
... secretions, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and many other activities • Some of the above functions are controlled almost entirely and some only partially by the autonomic nervous system. ...
Deriving phylogenetic trees from the similarity analysis of metabolic
... Carbohydrate and Lipid metabolic networks. Phylogenetic trees obtained from the experiments were close to existing phylogenies and revealed interesting relationships among organisms. ...
... Carbohydrate and Lipid metabolic networks. Phylogenetic trees obtained from the experiments were close to existing phylogenies and revealed interesting relationships among organisms. ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... might change because of changes in the phosphorylation state of the channels (although ATP was included in the internal solution to minimize such changes) or other consequences of dialysis. To evaluate this issue, in early exploratory experiments, we measured potassium currents from dendrites in the ...
... might change because of changes in the phosphorylation state of the channels (although ATP was included in the internal solution to minimize such changes) or other consequences of dialysis. To evaluate this issue, in early exploratory experiments, we measured potassium currents from dendrites in the ...
Determinants of Action Potential Propagation in Cerebellar Purkinje
... accumulated to support the idea that under some circumstances axonal propagation may fail. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons fire highfrequency simple spikes, as well as bursts of spikes in response to climbing fiber activation (the “complex spike”). Here we have visualized the axon of individual Purkinje ...
... accumulated to support the idea that under some circumstances axonal propagation may fail. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons fire highfrequency simple spikes, as well as bursts of spikes in response to climbing fiber activation (the “complex spike”). Here we have visualized the axon of individual Purkinje ...
Node of Ranvier
The nodes of Ranvier also known as myelin sheath gaps, are the gaps (approximately 1 micrometer in length) formed between the myelin sheaths generated by different cells. A myelin sheath is a many-layered coating, largely composed of a fatty substance called myelin, that wraps around the axon of a neuron and very efficiently insulates it. At nodes of Ranvier, the axonal membrane is uninsulated and, therefore, capable of generating electrical activity.