- Wiley Online Library
... domain from a GCN4-bZip eukaryotic transcriptional activator, a small protein capable of targeting DNA binding, as a simple model to study fluorous effect. After substitution of all leucine and valine residues by tFLeu and trifluorovaline, respectively, an increase in the melting point from 47°C to ...
... domain from a GCN4-bZip eukaryotic transcriptional activator, a small protein capable of targeting DNA binding, as a simple model to study fluorous effect. After substitution of all leucine and valine residues by tFLeu and trifluorovaline, respectively, an increase in the melting point from 47°C to ...
Alpha-COPI Coatomer Protein Is Required for Rough Endoplasmic
... and number of RER whorls in midgut epithelial cells were found to decrease significantly after feeding, and several KDELcontaining proteins were shown to have altered expression levels. LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry was used to analyze midgut microsomal proteins isolated from unfed and amino acid fed m ...
... and number of RER whorls in midgut epithelial cells were found to decrease significantly after feeding, and several KDELcontaining proteins were shown to have altered expression levels. LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry was used to analyze midgut microsomal proteins isolated from unfed and amino acid fed m ...
The advantages of being small Stockholm University
... formation of micro domains, separating the different types of lipids that will decrease the tension in the membrane. The existence of rafts, specific lipid domains in eukaryotes, which constitutes micro environments has been under debate for decades. Rafts are believed to be important in many cellul ...
... formation of micro domains, separating the different types of lipids that will decrease the tension in the membrane. The existence of rafts, specific lipid domains in eukaryotes, which constitutes micro environments has been under debate for decades. Rafts are believed to be important in many cellul ...
of Pseudomonas aeruginosa - BMC Microbiology
... Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) are acyl-serin transferases, initially identified by their ability to form covalent bonds with penicillin [10]. They are located on the external face of the inner membrane and share common D,D-peptidase activities (D,D-transpeptidase, D,D-carboxypeptidase or D,D-en ...
... Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PBPs) are acyl-serin transferases, initially identified by their ability to form covalent bonds with penicillin [10]. They are located on the external face of the inner membrane and share common D,D-peptidase activities (D,D-transpeptidase, D,D-carboxypeptidase or D,D-en ...
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... growth and development [9], the vacuolar PR1-mCherry signal appeared much stronger. A member of another class of PR proteins, defensin protein PDF1.2, tagged with green fluoresecent protein (GFP) and overexpressed in Arabidopsis, localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived structures called ...
... growth and development [9], the vacuolar PR1-mCherry signal appeared much stronger. A member of another class of PR proteins, defensin protein PDF1.2, tagged with green fluoresecent protein (GFP) and overexpressed in Arabidopsis, localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived structures called ...
The Stem Cell Factor Receptor/c-Kit as a Drug Target in
... body whereas c-Kit expression is more restricted and predominantly found on primitive hematopoietic cells, mast cells, melanocytes, testis, brain, vascular endothelial cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, breast glandular epithelial cells and sweat glands [1-9]. ...
... body whereas c-Kit expression is more restricted and predominantly found on primitive hematopoietic cells, mast cells, melanocytes, testis, brain, vascular endothelial cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, breast glandular epithelial cells and sweat glands [1-9]. ...
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... functions. Thus. in one aspect. the invention is directed to recom ...
... functions. Thus. in one aspect. the invention is directed to recom ...
Modulation of T cell signaling by the actin cytoskeleton
... CD45 (also known as receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C). All signaling events must be coordinated in time and space to achieve accurate T cell activation, and each of these activities is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. The actin cytoskeleton is a filamentous network known to provide m ...
... CD45 (also known as receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C). All signaling events must be coordinated in time and space to achieve accurate T cell activation, and each of these activities is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. The actin cytoskeleton is a filamentous network known to provide m ...
... biochemist, I have taught my subject to both ‘my own’ students, and to those on allied degree schemes and pre-clinical medicine. Of course, the lines so conveniently drawn (for teaching purposes) between the different bio-disciplines are very artificial; there is far more commonality than difference ...
Association of CAD, a multifunctional protein involved in pyrimidine
... transfected with or without FLAG-mLST8 vector was subjected to immunoprecipitation with the anti-FLAG antibody, and the proteins eluted from resin with the FLAG peptide were visualized by silver staining after SDS-PAGE. FLAG-mLST8, mTOR, and the proteins recovered from the immunoprecipitate (No.1 to ...
... transfected with or without FLAG-mLST8 vector was subjected to immunoprecipitation with the anti-FLAG antibody, and the proteins eluted from resin with the FLAG peptide were visualized by silver staining after SDS-PAGE. FLAG-mLST8, mTOR, and the proteins recovered from the immunoprecipitate (No.1 to ...
Neurogenic Inflammation in Acute Pancreatitis
... SP and its receptor neurokinin-1 (NK-1R) are involved in the development of local as well as systemic inflammation. SP binds to Gprotein-coupled NK-1 tachykinin receptors present on effector cells such as acinar cells [30] and immune cells [31] leading to inflammatory edema and hyperamylasemia [32]. ...
... SP and its receptor neurokinin-1 (NK-1R) are involved in the development of local as well as systemic inflammation. SP binds to Gprotein-coupled NK-1 tachykinin receptors present on effector cells such as acinar cells [30] and immune cells [31] leading to inflammatory edema and hyperamylasemia [32]. ...
Document
... • Each match state can be ommitted in the alignment, by what is called a deletion state (D) and receives a positiondependent penalty. • Insertion of variable lenght are possible between any two adjacent match (or deletion) states. These insertion states (I) are given a position-dependent penalty tha ...
... • Each match state can be ommitted in the alignment, by what is called a deletion state (D) and receives a positiondependent penalty. • Insertion of variable lenght are possible between any two adjacent match (or deletion) states. These insertion states (I) are given a position-dependent penalty tha ...
Elucidating Substrate and Inhibitor Binding Sites on the Surface of
... inhibitors, although often very effective, generally show limited specificity10 due to the fact that the ATP binding site is highly conserved among protein kinases. Other sites, such as the substrate's binding site, show more variability in their shape and amino acid composition and may serve as fav ...
... inhibitors, although often very effective, generally show limited specificity10 due to the fact that the ATP binding site is highly conserved among protein kinases. Other sites, such as the substrate's binding site, show more variability in their shape and amino acid composition and may serve as fav ...
Crystal Structures of the Oxidized and Reduced Forms of UDP
... ABSTRACT: UDP-galactose 4-epimerase catalyzes the conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose through a mechanism involving the transient reduction of NAD+. Here we describe the X-ray structures for epimerase complexed with NADH/UDP and NAD+/UDP, refined to 1.8 and 2.0 Å, respectively. The R-carbon p ...
... ABSTRACT: UDP-galactose 4-epimerase catalyzes the conversion of UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose through a mechanism involving the transient reduction of NAD+. Here we describe the X-ray structures for epimerase complexed with NADH/UDP and NAD+/UDP, refined to 1.8 and 2.0 Å, respectively. The R-carbon p ...
Molecular factors underlying selective vulnerability of motor neurons
... of the glutamate neurotransmitter system in the human CNS, some explanation is required to account for why motor neurons may be selectively vulnerable to glutamate toxicity. Postsynaptic glutamate receptors are divided into two major classes, ionotropic which are ligand-gated ion channels and metabo ...
... of the glutamate neurotransmitter system in the human CNS, some explanation is required to account for why motor neurons may be selectively vulnerable to glutamate toxicity. Postsynaptic glutamate receptors are divided into two major classes, ionotropic which are ligand-gated ion channels and metabo ...
Yeast ING Protein Yeast Protein Human Ortholog Description of
... replication and recombination, member of HMG1 DNA-binding protein family; activity may be regulated by protein kinase A phosphorylation Mitochondrial matrix acyl carrier protein, involved in biosynthesis of octanoate, which is a precursor to lipoic acid; activated by phosphopantetheinylation catalyz ...
... replication and recombination, member of HMG1 DNA-binding protein family; activity may be regulated by protein kinase A phosphorylation Mitochondrial matrix acyl carrier protein, involved in biosynthesis of octanoate, which is a precursor to lipoic acid; activated by phosphopantetheinylation catalyz ...
9.1 Amino Acids—A Second Look, Continued
... • The helix is a coiled structure, and much like the coil of a telephone cord, it is a right-handed coil. • This coil is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen of one amino acid and the N—H hydrogen atom of another amino acid located four amino acids from it in the primary struct ...
... • The helix is a coiled structure, and much like the coil of a telephone cord, it is a right-handed coil. • This coil is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen of one amino acid and the N—H hydrogen atom of another amino acid located four amino acids from it in the primary struct ...
Activity of ribosomes and tmRNA of Streptomyces aureofaciens
... accommodation of the aminoacyl-tRNA [22]. To demonstrate whether ribosomes of S. aureofaciens are resistant to tetracycline, we examined binding of [14C]Phe-tRNA.EFTu.GTP to ribosomes. These experiments were performed with purified ribosomes (washed with 1M NH4Cl to remove associated proteins) and 7 ...
... accommodation of the aminoacyl-tRNA [22]. To demonstrate whether ribosomes of S. aureofaciens are resistant to tetracycline, we examined binding of [14C]Phe-tRNA.EFTu.GTP to ribosomes. These experiments were performed with purified ribosomes (washed with 1M NH4Cl to remove associated proteins) and 7 ...
Small-molecule metabolism: an enzyme mosaic
... of the E. coli small-molecule metabolism (SMM) enzymes (summarized in Box 2 and Table 1). There are, on average, 3.4 domains per family, which shows that even this basic set of pathways is the product of extensive duplication of domains within its enzymes. The distribution of family sizes of the 213 ...
... of the E. coli small-molecule metabolism (SMM) enzymes (summarized in Box 2 and Table 1). There are, on average, 3.4 domains per family, which shows that even this basic set of pathways is the product of extensive duplication of domains within its enzymes. The distribution of family sizes of the 213 ...
Chapter 05 Membranes
... membrane are embedded within the bilayer, which provides a flexible matrix and, at the same time, imposes a barrier to permeability. Animal cell membranes also contain cholesterol, a steroid with a polar hydroxyl group (–OH). Plant cells have other sterols, but little or no cholesterol. 2. Transmem ...
... membrane are embedded within the bilayer, which provides a flexible matrix and, at the same time, imposes a barrier to permeability. Animal cell membranes also contain cholesterol, a steroid with a polar hydroxyl group (–OH). Plant cells have other sterols, but little or no cholesterol. 2. Transmem ...
The Expanding Role of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin
... In yeast, it has been well documented that amino acids are critical regulators of TOR signaling [30]. mTORC1 controls cell growth, ribosome biogenesis, mRNA translation, autophagy, and metabolism [31-35]. On the other hand, mTORC2 control cell proliferation, survival, and organization of actin cytos ...
... In yeast, it has been well documented that amino acids are critical regulators of TOR signaling [30]. mTORC1 controls cell growth, ribosome biogenesis, mRNA translation, autophagy, and metabolism [31-35]. On the other hand, mTORC2 control cell proliferation, survival, and organization of actin cytos ...
structure-function analysis of the drosophila stubble type ii
... al., 2001). Within the extracellular stem region, various conserved domains may be found (Szabo and Bugge, 2008). TTSPs have been divided into four subfamilies based on a phylogenetic analysis of the serine protease domain as well as domain structure of the extracellular stem region and chromosomal ...
... al., 2001). Within the extracellular stem region, various conserved domains may be found (Szabo and Bugge, 2008). TTSPs have been divided into four subfamilies based on a phylogenetic analysis of the serine protease domain as well as domain structure of the extracellular stem region and chromosomal ...
Hydrophobic-at-Interface Regions in Viral Fusion Protein Ectodomains
... et al., 2000; Suárez et al., 2000a). In a recent report Suárez et al. (2000a) have demonstrated that the sequence displayed in Fig. 2A is able to induce membrane fusion and permeabilization, even more efficiently that the N-terminal fusion peptide. Thus, the presence of two membrane-partitioning s ...
... et al., 2000; Suárez et al., 2000a). In a recent report Suárez et al. (2000a) have demonstrated that the sequence displayed in Fig. 2A is able to induce membrane fusion and permeabilization, even more efficiently that the N-terminal fusion peptide. Thus, the presence of two membrane-partitioning s ...
9.3 The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins, Continued
... • Side chains can form hydrogen bonds with water. • Side chains are hydrophilic. • An exception is cysteine, which does not form hydrogen bonds. • Polar acidic and basic amino acids have charged side chains that can form ion–dipole interactions with water. These amino acids are more polar than those ...
... • Side chains can form hydrogen bonds with water. • Side chains are hydrophilic. • An exception is cysteine, which does not form hydrogen bonds. • Polar acidic and basic amino acids have charged side chains that can form ion–dipole interactions with water. These amino acids are more polar than those ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).