Chapter 21: Molecules of Life - Follow “Ironmtn.wordpress.com”
... 46. How does the shape of the protein impact the cell's chemistry? Ans: The variable shapes of protein molecules offer many chemical-bonding possibilities by exposing different atoms in the side groups of the amino acid chain. Human insulin, for example, has a distinct shape that arises because of t ...
... 46. How does the shape of the protein impact the cell's chemistry? Ans: The variable shapes of protein molecules offer many chemical-bonding possibilities by exposing different atoms in the side groups of the amino acid chain. Human insulin, for example, has a distinct shape that arises because of t ...
Induction of y-Gultamyl Transpeptidase by a Thyroid Hormone in
... nse element. This binding can then stimulate promoter activity of GGT gene (Fig. 3). Major concern in this hypothesis is that a common response element for binding of T r , steroid hormone-, and retinoic acid-receptor complexes may exist near the promoter site of the GGT gene. This should be solved ...
... nse element. This binding can then stimulate promoter activity of GGT gene (Fig. 3). Major concern in this hypothesis is that a common response element for binding of T r , steroid hormone-, and retinoic acid-receptor complexes may exist near the promoter site of the GGT gene. This should be solved ...
Vesicle-mediated Protein Transport: Regulatory
... transformants were screened for mutants that exhibited wildtype vacuolar protein sorting at 26°C but missorted vacuolar proteins at 37°C. Analysis of 50,000 yeast transformants yielded 15 candidate vps34~:(tsf = temperature for function; for an example, see Herman et al., 1991b) alleles. The plasmid ...
... transformants were screened for mutants that exhibited wildtype vacuolar protein sorting at 26°C but missorted vacuolar proteins at 37°C. Analysis of 50,000 yeast transformants yielded 15 candidate vps34~:(tsf = temperature for function; for an example, see Herman et al., 1991b) alleles. The plasmid ...
Poster
... mutations in rhodopsin kinase: large deletion or point mutation. In our 3D model, we will highlight the complete deletion of exon five, the partial deletion at the C-terminus, and point mutations in the catalytic domain (Val380Asp and Pro391His) that cause Oguchi disease. Understanding the structure ...
... mutations in rhodopsin kinase: large deletion or point mutation. In our 3D model, we will highlight the complete deletion of exon five, the partial deletion at the C-terminus, and point mutations in the catalytic domain (Val380Asp and Pro391His) that cause Oguchi disease. Understanding the structure ...
Synthetic Peptides as Antigens for Antibody Production
... peptides can be synthesized that contain amino acid sequences derived from the cDNA acid or gene. Such antipeptide antibodies crossreact with the corresponding intact native protein with surprisingly high frequency and have the additional advantage that the epitope recognized by the antibody is alre ...
... peptides can be synthesized that contain amino acid sequences derived from the cDNA acid or gene. Such antipeptide antibodies crossreact with the corresponding intact native protein with surprisingly high frequency and have the additional advantage that the epitope recognized by the antibody is alre ...
From Sequence to Structure
... peptide backbone, to polar organic molecules, and to water. This tendency dominates the interactions in which they participate. Some of them can change their charge state depending on their pH or the microenvironment. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid have pKa values near 5 in aqueous solution, so the ...
... peptide backbone, to polar organic molecules, and to water. This tendency dominates the interactions in which they participate. Some of them can change their charge state depending on their pH or the microenvironment. Aspartic acid and glutamic acid have pKa values near 5 in aqueous solution, so the ...
A New Type of a Multifunctional ß
... of 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase and thiolase each show one peak in fraction eight, indicating a molecular mass of around 146 kD. Thiolase and 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase having similar molecular masses have already been described (Staak et al., 1978; Fong and Schulz, 1981). The distribution of the 3-hydroxyacyl- ...
... of 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase and thiolase each show one peak in fraction eight, indicating a molecular mass of around 146 kD. Thiolase and 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase having similar molecular masses have already been described (Staak et al., 1978; Fong and Schulz, 1981). The distribution of the 3-hydroxyacyl- ...
Sorting of plant vacuolar proteins is initiated in the ER
... signals were also present in both cases, and may represent either non-Golgi-associated TGNs (Foresti and Denecke, 2008) or PVCs (Tse et al., 2004). However, in the control protoplasts, the Man1–RFP and GFP–BP80 signals were clearly separate after longer periods of incubation (20–24 h), yielding the ...
... signals were also present in both cases, and may represent either non-Golgi-associated TGNs (Foresti and Denecke, 2008) or PVCs (Tse et al., 2004). However, in the control protoplasts, the Man1–RFP and GFP–BP80 signals were clearly separate after longer periods of incubation (20–24 h), yielding the ...
A New Type of a Multifunctional ß-Oxidation
... 5B-III, fraction 7 of the eluate only contained one native protein with activity for all four enzymatic reactions, which are summarized in Table II. In an SDS gel it could be shown that the native protein is composed of subunits with 45, 34, and 32 kD (Fig. 5B-IV). Using an improved gel system, howe ...
... 5B-III, fraction 7 of the eluate only contained one native protein with activity for all four enzymatic reactions, which are summarized in Table II. In an SDS gel it could be shown that the native protein is composed of subunits with 45, 34, and 32 kD (Fig. 5B-IV). Using an improved gel system, howe ...
Potent Neuropeptide Y Y, Receptor Antagonist, 1229U91: Blockade
... as well as [3H]NPY binding (data not shown) to the hypothalamus membranes showed a low affinity for the Y,-selective agonist [Leu3’,Pro34]NPY, indicating that Y, receptors are predominant in this region. This result is consistent with other reports (34-37). However, we did not detect Y, receptors in ...
... as well as [3H]NPY binding (data not shown) to the hypothalamus membranes showed a low affinity for the Y,-selective agonist [Leu3’,Pro34]NPY, indicating that Y, receptors are predominant in this region. This result is consistent with other reports (34-37). However, we did not detect Y, receptors in ...
Ornithodoros savignyi CHAPTER 2 SIGNALING PATHWAYS REGULATING PROTEIN SECRETION FROM
... SDS-PAGE analysis of the secreted proteins showed variable results in response to different agonists. The highest number of proteins was detected from ticks in the earliest stages of feeding. In some ticks, proteins were identified at one collection time but not at another time in secretions from th ...
... SDS-PAGE analysis of the secreted proteins showed variable results in response to different agonists. The highest number of proteins was detected from ticks in the earliest stages of feeding. In some ticks, proteins were identified at one collection time but not at another time in secretions from th ...
... in yeast and rTAP exhibited all the characteristics of the wild type inhibitor (Neeper el al . 1990). TAP has limited homology to the Kunitz-type inhibitors, but determination of its disulphide bond pattern showed that it shared the characteristic disulphide bond pattern of the prototype BPTI-fold ( ...
Ribosome-tethered molecular chaperones
... nascent chains, either during the process of translation, or after they have been released from the ribosome. Although chaperones carrying out these functions might be structurally unrelated, like all chaperones they share the ability to interact transiently with short stretches of amino acids that ...
... nascent chains, either during the process of translation, or after they have been released from the ribosome. Although chaperones carrying out these functions might be structurally unrelated, like all chaperones they share the ability to interact transiently with short stretches of amino acids that ...
Lecture-Oxidative Phsphorylation
... An electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane is formed: electrical: outside is more positive chemical: proton concentration gradient (pHout is 1.4 units < pHin Energy of 3H+ transported drives ATP synthesis ADP + Pi + 3H+ ATP + H2O ...
... An electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane is formed: electrical: outside is more positive chemical: proton concentration gradient (pHout is 1.4 units < pHin Energy of 3H+ transported drives ATP synthesis ADP + Pi + 3H+ ATP + H2O ...
Poster
... β-catenin is a multi-functional protein involved in two essential cellular pathways: cell-cell adhesion and transcriptional regulation8. β-catenin contains 12 armadillo repeats capped by a C-helix. An amino acid important for β-catenin’s electrostatic interactions with ligands is Lys-435 known as th ...
... β-catenin is a multi-functional protein involved in two essential cellular pathways: cell-cell adhesion and transcriptional regulation8. β-catenin contains 12 armadillo repeats capped by a C-helix. An amino acid important for β-catenin’s electrostatic interactions with ligands is Lys-435 known as th ...
3D Structure - Canadian Bioinformatics Workshops
... • BLAST alignments can be used to detect or predict the presence of domains by sequence homology • Protein domains can also be predicted using CDD (Conserved Domain Database) at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml Lecture 3.0 ...
... • BLAST alignments can be used to detect or predict the presence of domains by sequence homology • Protein domains can also be predicted using CDD (Conserved Domain Database) at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml Lecture 3.0 ...
Glutamate Controls the Induction of GABA
... [Ca21]i (Leinekugel et al. 1995). Therefore GDPs are strictly associated with spontaneous calcium oscillations occurring in groups of neighboring cells (Garaschuk et al. 1998). These highly correlated calcium signals are thought to be essential for consolidation of synaptic connections and developme ...
... [Ca21]i (Leinekugel et al. 1995). Therefore GDPs are strictly associated with spontaneous calcium oscillations occurring in groups of neighboring cells (Garaschuk et al. 1998). These highly correlated calcium signals are thought to be essential for consolidation of synaptic connections and developme ...
ELECTROPHORESIS
... 3. These free radicals can activate acryl amide monomer including them to react with other acrylamide monomer forming long chains. 4.This chains become cross-linked if the reaction is carried out in the presence of N-N’-methylenebisacrylamide. 5.TEMED acts as a catalyst of gel formation because of i ...
... 3. These free radicals can activate acryl amide monomer including them to react with other acrylamide monomer forming long chains. 4.This chains become cross-linked if the reaction is carried out in the presence of N-N’-methylenebisacrylamide. 5.TEMED acts as a catalyst of gel formation because of i ...
The P2Y12 receptor regulates microglial activation by extracellular
... In the spinal cord and brain, microglia migrate or project cellular processes toward sites of mechanical injury or tissue damage1–3, where they clear debris and release neurotrophic or neurotoxic agents4,5. As such, microglial activation, or lack thereof, has been proposed to influence degenerative ...
... In the spinal cord and brain, microglia migrate or project cellular processes toward sites of mechanical injury or tissue damage1–3, where they clear debris and release neurotrophic or neurotoxic agents4,5. As such, microglial activation, or lack thereof, has been proposed to influence degenerative ...
Journal of Applied Microbiology
... 48 kDa were identified by Western blot analysis. According to its N-terminal amino acid sequence, the 48-kDa protein was identified as Omp48, an outer-membrane protein similar to LamB of Escherichia coli. LamB is a wellknown porin involved in maltose transport across the outer membrane in E. coli. I ...
... 48 kDa were identified by Western blot analysis. According to its N-terminal amino acid sequence, the 48-kDa protein was identified as Omp48, an outer-membrane protein similar to LamB of Escherichia coli. LamB is a wellknown porin involved in maltose transport across the outer membrane in E. coli. I ...
NUCLEAR PROTEINS II. Similarity of Nonhistone Proteins in
... a- and /3-Tropomyosin (16, 17) consistently comigrated with the bands H10 and H5, respectively. Preliminary studies (see below) suggest that these are H n R N P proteins rather than a- and fltropomyosin. Bands C10, D1, and D4, which occur in both the washes and are prominent on washed nuclei, have b ...
... a- and /3-Tropomyosin (16, 17) consistently comigrated with the bands H10 and H5, respectively. Preliminary studies (see below) suggest that these are H n R N P proteins rather than a- and fltropomyosin. Bands C10, D1, and D4, which occur in both the washes and are prominent on washed nuclei, have b ...
PDF Datastream - Brown Digital Repository
... localize to the OM or extracellular space, which accounted for ~77% of the total relative abundance in the OM fraction. In addition, biotinylation of bacterial surface-exposed proteins has been applied as an alternative approach to characterize bacterial membrane subproteome. Labeled proteins were p ...
... localize to the OM or extracellular space, which accounted for ~77% of the total relative abundance in the OM fraction. In addition, biotinylation of bacterial surface-exposed proteins has been applied as an alternative approach to characterize bacterial membrane subproteome. Labeled proteins were p ...
Interpretation of bafilomycin, pH neutralizing or protease inhibitor
... using these drugs.1 MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a serine/threonine kinase that integrates multiple signals such as growth factor abundance with intracellular amino acid and ATP levels to coordinate cell growth and autophagy. MTOR promotes translation in a number of ways including the a ...
... using these drugs.1 MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) is a serine/threonine kinase that integrates multiple signals such as growth factor abundance with intracellular amino acid and ATP levels to coordinate cell growth and autophagy. MTOR promotes translation in a number of ways including the a ...
Effect of surface hydrophobicity distribution on retention
... protein retention has also been broached in a study about ion-exchange chromatography, where the effect of surface charge distribution of proteins was investigated [12]. Recently, the effect of surface hydrophobicity distribution of proteins related to protein–polymer association has been investigat ...
... protein retention has also been broached in a study about ion-exchange chromatography, where the effect of surface charge distribution of proteins was investigated [12]. Recently, the effect of surface hydrophobicity distribution of proteins related to protein–polymer association has been investigat ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).