Glycosylation and Sorting of Secretory Proteins in the Endoplasmic
... 2.1.2 The sorting signal resides in the C-terminal domain of Hsp150 .. 46 2.1.3 Hsp150∆-HRP fusion protein localizes to the ER .....................47 2.1.4 The Hsp150 sorting signal actively mediates ER exit of invertase ...........................................47 2.2 Role of the Sec24p homologue ...
... 2.1.2 The sorting signal resides in the C-terminal domain of Hsp150 .. 46 2.1.3 Hsp150∆-HRP fusion protein localizes to the ER .....................47 2.1.4 The Hsp150 sorting signal actively mediates ER exit of invertase ...........................................47 2.2 Role of the Sec24p homologue ...
STIM1 and TRP - PublicationsList.org
... • Prwevious name Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel protein 1 (CRACM1) • Orai1, Orai2, Orai3 • 301 aa; Four transmembrane domains • Forms multimeric ion channels in the PM • Low concentrations of 2-APB activate and high conc inhibit Orai1 • Orai3 is stimuleted by 2-APB ...
... • Prwevious name Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel protein 1 (CRACM1) • Orai1, Orai2, Orai3 • 301 aa; Four transmembrane domains • Forms multimeric ion channels in the PM • Low concentrations of 2-APB activate and high conc inhibit Orai1 • Orai3 is stimuleted by 2-APB ...
Identification of proteins that putatively bind the
... based on turgor pressure-induced changes in their shape. Stomatal aperture and density are affected by environmental stimuli such as light quality and quantity, CO2 concentrations, and water availability. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor MUTE drives the differentiation of trans ...
... based on turgor pressure-induced changes in their shape. Stomatal aperture and density are affected by environmental stimuli such as light quality and quantity, CO2 concentrations, and water availability. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor MUTE drives the differentiation of trans ...
characterization of proteins from the cytoskeleton of giardia lamblia
... lauryl sarcosinate) or the chaotropic salts, KC1, KI and KSCN, always less than 50 % of the proteins was solubilized. A further disadvantage was that, during gel filtration chromatography of low-salt or Sarkosyl extracts, 30 X 103Mr protein did not migrate in a monodisperse fashion, but aggregated a ...
... lauryl sarcosinate) or the chaotropic salts, KC1, KI and KSCN, always less than 50 % of the proteins was solubilized. A further disadvantage was that, during gel filtration chromatography of low-salt or Sarkosyl extracts, 30 X 103Mr protein did not migrate in a monodisperse fashion, but aggregated a ...
Differential expression and regulation of two distinct
... dissociation constants of (2-15) × 10−11 M and to respond to both aFGF and bFGF in the 45Ca2+ efflux assays. Interestingly, FGFR-4 binds aFGF with high affinity but it does not bind bFGF (Partanen et al., 1991). The development of the amphibian embryo involves a series of inductive events. The first ...
... dissociation constants of (2-15) × 10−11 M and to respond to both aFGF and bFGF in the 45Ca2+ efflux assays. Interestingly, FGFR-4 binds aFGF with high affinity but it does not bind bFGF (Partanen et al., 1991). The development of the amphibian embryo involves a series of inductive events. The first ...
the Golgi Apparatus as the central station of the
... apparatus results in functional polarity and vectorial traffic. During this journey, the lipids and proteins passing through the Golgi undergo several sequential modifications determined by the molecular composition of the enzymes unevenly distributed in the cisternae (Roth, 1997; Varki, 1998). In c ...
... apparatus results in functional polarity and vectorial traffic. During this journey, the lipids and proteins passing through the Golgi undergo several sequential modifications determined by the molecular composition of the enzymes unevenly distributed in the cisternae (Roth, 1997; Varki, 1998). In c ...
19-6-SA-V1-S1__mcq_a..
... 56. RNAase degrade RNA molecules of every kind irrespective of their type. Tell the type of specificity. 1. The proteins which yields aminoacids or their derivatives on hydrolysis are called __________ proteins. 23. 3D structure formed by amino acids which are being positioned far apart in the polyp ...
... 56. RNAase degrade RNA molecules of every kind irrespective of their type. Tell the type of specificity. 1. The proteins which yields aminoacids or their derivatives on hydrolysis are called __________ proteins. 23. 3D structure formed by amino acids which are being positioned far apart in the polyp ...
Although the administration of testosterone clearly causes marked
... administration made it possible to evaluate some of the biochemical mechanisms by which this effect might be mediated. Figure 1 summarizes the major steps in protein synthesis. Free amino acids within the cell may arise from one of two sources. First, they may be transported into the cell from the e ...
... administration made it possible to evaluate some of the biochemical mechanisms by which this effect might be mediated. Figure 1 summarizes the major steps in protein synthesis. Free amino acids within the cell may arise from one of two sources. First, they may be transported into the cell from the e ...
Protein sequence analysis
... amino acid replacements inferred from alignments of protein sequences that are at least 85% identical. Henikoff & Henikoff (1992) considered blocks, or highly conserved regions, in aligned protein sequences. The BLOSUM matrix scores for amino acid pairs are based on the frequency of amino acid subst ...
... amino acid replacements inferred from alignments of protein sequences that are at least 85% identical. Henikoff & Henikoff (1992) considered blocks, or highly conserved regions, in aligned protein sequences. The BLOSUM matrix scores for amino acid pairs are based on the frequency of amino acid subst ...
Cis-trans peptide variations in structurally similar proteins.
... stability of the cis conformation, we calculated the percentage of residues undergoing cistrans variations. Figure 5 gives the percentage propensity of each amino acid (in cis peptides) to go to the trans conformation in a related protein. At positions Xaa1 and Xaa2, proline has about 31.8% and 33.8 ...
... stability of the cis conformation, we calculated the percentage of residues undergoing cistrans variations. Figure 5 gives the percentage propensity of each amino acid (in cis peptides) to go to the trans conformation in a related protein. At positions Xaa1 and Xaa2, proline has about 31.8% and 33.8 ...
Dietary protein for athletes - Inside Outside Wellness Center
... resistance and (or) endurance exercise require more protein than their sedentary counterparts. The RDA values for protein are clearly set at ‘‘. . .the level of protein judged to be adequate... to meet the known nutrient needs for practically all healthy people. . .’’. The RDA covers protein losses ...
... resistance and (or) endurance exercise require more protein than their sedentary counterparts. The RDA values for protein are clearly set at ‘‘. . .the level of protein judged to be adequate... to meet the known nutrient needs for practically all healthy people. . .’’. The RDA covers protein losses ...
What Does the Microsporidian E. cuniculi Tell Us About the Origin of
... would code for the 256 proteins that would carry out the bare essential cellular functions such as DNA replication, protein synthesis (translation and transcription), metabolism (glycolysis), and various membrane related functions. It was assumed that the minimal bacterial cell would be a minimal ce ...
... would code for the 256 proteins that would carry out the bare essential cellular functions such as DNA replication, protein synthesis (translation and transcription), metabolism (glycolysis), and various membrane related functions. It was assumed that the minimal bacterial cell would be a minimal ce ...
Contribution of defined amino acid residues to the immunogenicity
... STh have been mapped to a highly conserved domain including six cysteine residues forming three intramolecular disul¢de bonds that are absolutely necessary for toxicity of the molecule [5]. Because STa is non-immunogenic in its native form, several di¡erent approaches have been explored to obtain no ...
... STh have been mapped to a highly conserved domain including six cysteine residues forming three intramolecular disul¢de bonds that are absolutely necessary for toxicity of the molecule [5]. Because STa is non-immunogenic in its native form, several di¡erent approaches have been explored to obtain no ...
Neurotransmitters
... Axodendritic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another Axosomatic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another Other types of synapses include: ...
... Axodendritic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another Axosomatic – synapses between the axon of one neuron and the soma of another Other types of synapses include: ...
The archaeal origins of the eukaryotic translational system
... segmental structure associated uniquely to one, two or all three of the phylodomains (Vishwanath et al. 2004) (Figure 3). Critically, the current analyses show that eukaryotic homologous proteins contain only the archaeal-specific blocks and no bacterial-specific blocks, with the possible but unclea ...
... segmental structure associated uniquely to one, two or all three of the phylodomains (Vishwanath et al. 2004) (Figure 3). Critically, the current analyses show that eukaryotic homologous proteins contain only the archaeal-specific blocks and no bacterial-specific blocks, with the possible but unclea ...
Lipid transfer and metabolism across the endolysosomal
... mTORC1, required for its activation, are also controlled by the ATP-dependent TTT-RUVBL1/2 complex, independently on AMPK [48]. (3) During energy stress conditions, AMPK is allosterically stimulated by AMP. (4) AMPK activation also requires interaction with the v-ATPase–Ragulator complex on the lyso ...
... mTORC1, required for its activation, are also controlled by the ATP-dependent TTT-RUVBL1/2 complex, independently on AMPK [48]. (3) During energy stress conditions, AMPK is allosterically stimulated by AMP. (4) AMPK activation also requires interaction with the v-ATPase–Ragulator complex on the lyso ...
Protein Dynamics in the Plant Extracellular Space
... the plasma membrane, are also covalently bound to the cell wall and so establish a physical link between membrane and wall [33]. Mutant analysis in Arabidopsis show that GPI-anchored proteins are important in cell wall reorganization, acting for instance, on a pathway that regulates cellulose synthe ...
... the plasma membrane, are also covalently bound to the cell wall and so establish a physical link between membrane and wall [33]. Mutant analysis in Arabidopsis show that GPI-anchored proteins are important in cell wall reorganization, acting for instance, on a pathway that regulates cellulose synthe ...
phasic and tonic activation of gaba receptors - LIRA-Lab
... contain α, β and γ2 subunits (for example, α2β3γ2, α3β3γ2, α4βxγ2, α5β3γ2 and α6βxγ2), whereas receptors in which the γ2 subunit is replaced by γ1, γ3, or δ are less abundant. Further variability arises from the fact that individual pentamers might contain two different α or two different β subunit ...
... contain α, β and γ2 subunits (for example, α2β3γ2, α3β3γ2, α4βxγ2, α5β3γ2 and α6βxγ2), whereas receptors in which the γ2 subunit is replaced by γ1, γ3, or δ are less abundant. Further variability arises from the fact that individual pentamers might contain two different α or two different β subunit ...
The Escherichia coli trmE (mnmE) gene, involved in tRNA
... processes tRNA. o548 codes for a 60 kDa inner membrane protein (Hansen et al., 1985; Sääf et al., 1998) whose precise function has not been identified so far. This protein is homologous to that encoded by OXA1, a S.cerevisiae nuclear gene involved in a novel and general protein export machinery of ...
... processes tRNA. o548 codes for a 60 kDa inner membrane protein (Hansen et al., 1985; Sääf et al., 1998) whose precise function has not been identified so far. This protein is homologous to that encoded by OXA1, a S.cerevisiae nuclear gene involved in a novel and general protein export machinery of ...
Phosphoinositide signaling in plant development
... respectively (Mueller-Roeber and Pical, 2002). To date, no PIkinase has been demonstrated to be capable of generating PtdIns5P from PtdIns, leaving the biogenesis of this lipid unclear. PtdIns3P and PtdIns4P can be further phosphorylated by PIP-kinases, resulting in the formation of PtdIns(3,5)P2 an ...
... respectively (Mueller-Roeber and Pical, 2002). To date, no PIkinase has been demonstrated to be capable of generating PtdIns5P from PtdIns, leaving the biogenesis of this lipid unclear. PtdIns3P and PtdIns4P can be further phosphorylated by PIP-kinases, resulting in the formation of PtdIns(3,5)P2 an ...
Strain in Protein Structures as Viewed Through Nonrotameric Side
... larger protein structure set and observed that a significant fraction (up to 30%) of particular side-chain types could not be assigned to a rotameric state based on the criterion that rotameric side chains can deviate in each of the 1 and 2 angles by no more than 20° from the closest associated ro ...
... larger protein structure set and observed that a significant fraction (up to 30%) of particular side-chain types could not be assigned to a rotameric state based on the criterion that rotameric side chains can deviate in each of the 1 and 2 angles by no more than 20° from the closest associated ro ...
Divergent Evolution of Function in the ROK Sugar
... which fits this description (7, 8). The ROK superfamily represents a functionally diverse group of prokaryotic proteins that includes carbohydrate-responsive transcriptional repressors and sugar kinases (9). ROK transcriptional repressors are signified by a conserved N-terminal helix-turnhelix motif ...
... which fits this description (7, 8). The ROK superfamily represents a functionally diverse group of prokaryotic proteins that includes carbohydrate-responsive transcriptional repressors and sugar kinases (9). ROK transcriptional repressors are signified by a conserved N-terminal helix-turnhelix motif ...
Biochemical Journal
... MAPK family members has also demonstrated the existence of functional redundancy. For example, the osmotic shock-induced phosphorylation of SAP (synapse-associated protein) 97/hDlg (human discs large) is usually mediated by p38γ , but, in the absence of this kinase, other p38 MAPKs can perform this ...
... MAPK family members has also demonstrated the existence of functional redundancy. For example, the osmotic shock-induced phosphorylation of SAP (synapse-associated protein) 97/hDlg (human discs large) is usually mediated by p38γ , but, in the absence of this kinase, other p38 MAPKs can perform this ...
Protein-protein interaction networks (I): data preprocessing
... Figure 3: Source [18]: The Septin complex and its mapping by the different methods . Gray areas are the true members of a septin complex. As can be seen HMS-PCI revealed 5 out of 7 members of the complex, while TAP in addition to stating those same 5 proteins also included 2 false positives. Y2H ind ...
... Figure 3: Source [18]: The Septin complex and its mapping by the different methods . Gray areas are the true members of a septin complex. As can be seen HMS-PCI revealed 5 out of 7 members of the complex, while TAP in addition to stating those same 5 proteins also included 2 false positives. Y2H ind ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).