-portal.org Journal of Molecular Biology
... protocol (see Materials and Methods). Clearly, it is energetically favorable for the hairpin to hide the polar groups of the Asp and Lys residues. In particular, the polar group of Asp74 can be shielded from the hydrophobic lipid environment by interactions with one of the three Lys in the first hel ...
... protocol (see Materials and Methods). Clearly, it is energetically favorable for the hairpin to hide the polar groups of the Asp and Lys residues. In particular, the polar group of Asp74 can be shielded from the hydrophobic lipid environment by interactions with one of the three Lys in the first hel ...
Enzymes II: Regulation
... isoenzymes (or isozymes), and those which are genetically determined may be called primary isoenzymes. The different primary isoenzymes catalyze the same chemical reaction but may differ in their primary structure and kinetic properties. The tissue distribution of isoenzymes imparts distinctive prop ...
... isoenzymes (or isozymes), and those which are genetically determined may be called primary isoenzymes. The different primary isoenzymes catalyze the same chemical reaction but may differ in their primary structure and kinetic properties. The tissue distribution of isoenzymes imparts distinctive prop ...
Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development
... families of developmentally important signaling molecules, with mutations in Wnt genes displaying remarkable phenotypes in the mouse, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila. Among functions provided by Wnt proteins are such intriguing processes as embryonic induction, the generation of cell polarity ...
... families of developmentally important signaling molecules, with mutations in Wnt genes displaying remarkable phenotypes in the mouse, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila. Among functions provided by Wnt proteins are such intriguing processes as embryonic induction, the generation of cell polarity ...
Immersive Projection for Biochemical Pattern Matching
... In all biological processes, protein molecules and other small molecules interact to function and form transient macromolecular complexes. This interaction of two or more molecules can be described by a docking event. Docking is an important phase for structure-based drug design strategies, as it ca ...
... In all biological processes, protein molecules and other small molecules interact to function and form transient macromolecular complexes. This interaction of two or more molecules can be described by a docking event. Docking is an important phase for structure-based drug design strategies, as it ca ...
Dissecting the function of Atg1 complex in Dictyostelium autophagy
... and Atg18/WIPI is recruited. Concomitantly, Atg12 is covalently bound to Atg5, and the Atg12–Atg5 conjugate form a ternary complex with Atg16L1, which is required for the subsequent lipidation of Atg8/LC3 to phosphatidylethanolamine of the emerging phagophore membrane [2,3]. The first Atg protein de ...
... and Atg18/WIPI is recruited. Concomitantly, Atg12 is covalently bound to Atg5, and the Atg12–Atg5 conjugate form a ternary complex with Atg16L1, which is required for the subsequent lipidation of Atg8/LC3 to phosphatidylethanolamine of the emerging phagophore membrane [2,3]. The first Atg protein de ...
Impact of glucose uptake rate on recombinant protein production in
... Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an attractive host for production of recombinant proteins, since it generally provides a rapid and economical means to achieve high product quantities. In this thesis, the impact of the glucose uptake rate on the production of recombinant proteins was studied, aiming at ...
... Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an attractive host for production of recombinant proteins, since it generally provides a rapid and economical means to achieve high product quantities. In this thesis, the impact of the glucose uptake rate on the production of recombinant proteins was studied, aiming at ...
28. biosynthesis of proteins
... Proteins are the end products of most metabolic pathways. A typical cell requires thousands of different protein molecules at any given moment. These must be synthesized in response to the cell's current requirements, transported (or targetted) to the appropriate cellular location and ultimately deg ...
... Proteins are the end products of most metabolic pathways. A typical cell requires thousands of different protein molecules at any given moment. These must be synthesized in response to the cell's current requirements, transported (or targetted) to the appropriate cellular location and ultimately deg ...
The Transition from Stiff to Compliant Materials in Squid Beaks
... the values drop drastically, to a mere 0.03 GPa, regardless of pigmentation. Evidently the chitin scaffold on its own has minimal structural integ- ...
... the values drop drastically, to a mere 0.03 GPa, regardless of pigmentation. Evidently the chitin scaffold on its own has minimal structural integ- ...
Biochemical Evidence for the Role of the Waxy Protein fron Pea
... supernatant was similar and the starch synthase activity eluted at the same positions in the gradient (not illustrated). Another factor that did not affect recovery of activity or the activity profile obtained from the Mono-Q chromatography was whether the purified starch was used 'wet/ i.e. solubil ...
... supernatant was similar and the starch synthase activity eluted at the same positions in the gradient (not illustrated). Another factor that did not affect recovery of activity or the activity profile obtained from the Mono-Q chromatography was whether the purified starch was used 'wet/ i.e. solubil ...
Identification of Aspartate- 184 as an Essential Residue in the
... group, which corresponded to Asp- 184. The minor peak contained a modified glutamic acid, Glu-9 1. Both of these acidic residues are conserved in all protein kinases, which is consistent with their playing essential roles. The positions of Asp-184 and Glu-91 have been correlated with the overall dom ...
... group, which corresponded to Asp- 184. The minor peak contained a modified glutamic acid, Glu-9 1. Both of these acidic residues are conserved in all protein kinases, which is consistent with their playing essential roles. The positions of Asp-184 and Glu-91 have been correlated with the overall dom ...
The significance of biochemical and molecular sample integrity in
... four groups (Table 1). The first group was sacrificed by focused microwave irradiation (Muromachi Kikai, Tokyo, Japan), 1.4 s at 4.5–5 kW (control group). Three groups of animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and kept in room temperature (227C) at different time intervals, 1, 3, and 10 min ...
... four groups (Table 1). The first group was sacrificed by focused microwave irradiation (Muromachi Kikai, Tokyo, Japan), 1.4 s at 4.5–5 kW (control group). Three groups of animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and kept in room temperature (227C) at different time intervals, 1, 3, and 10 min ...
pdf-Dokument - Universität Bonn
... which acts on small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. GAP proteins have a conserved structure and use similar mechanisms, promoting hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. GAPs include several groups based on their substrate proteins, such as ARF (ADP Ribosylation Factor) GAPs, RAB (RAS-like protein in ...
... which acts on small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. GAP proteins have a conserved structure and use similar mechanisms, promoting hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. GAPs include several groups based on their substrate proteins, such as ARF (ADP Ribosylation Factor) GAPs, RAB (RAS-like protein in ...
Chapter 5
... Different cell types exhibit different varieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids on their surfaces, which act as cell identity markers. Originally it was believed that because of its fluidity, the plasma membrane was uniform, with lipids and proteins free to diffuse rapidly in the plane of the memb ...
... Different cell types exhibit different varieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids on their surfaces, which act as cell identity markers. Originally it was believed that because of its fluidity, the plasma membrane was uniform, with lipids and proteins free to diffuse rapidly in the plane of the memb ...
maize silage sampling and interpretation of analysis
... The Acid Detergent Fibre value is similar to the NDF but only measures the amount of cellulose, lignin and lignified nitrogen in the silage. The ratio of ADF to NDF is indicative of the proportion of digestible fibre in the forage. ...
... The Acid Detergent Fibre value is similar to the NDF but only measures the amount of cellulose, lignin and lignified nitrogen in the silage. The ratio of ADF to NDF is indicative of the proportion of digestible fibre in the forage. ...
The Hype on the Endothelin Signaling System Muscarinic Receptor
... body of CIH-treated cats were decreased upon treatment with pharmacological blockers of ET-A and ET-B. Indeed, western blot analysis shows that ET-B is present in the carotid body and that its expression is increased in response to CIH. Immunohistological studies also show similar findings; that bot ...
... body of CIH-treated cats were decreased upon treatment with pharmacological blockers of ET-A and ET-B. Indeed, western blot analysis shows that ET-B is present in the carotid body and that its expression is increased in response to CIH. Immunohistological studies also show similar findings; that bot ...
¹⁵N Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence
... group binds with alternate orientations of 180° along the α,γ-meso axis (see Figure 2). Heme re-orientation will then progress until the equilibrium ratio of 9:1 is reached. NMR spectroscopy has been effective at monitoring this distribution of conformational isomers. Paramagnetism causes resonances ...
... group binds with alternate orientations of 180° along the α,γ-meso axis (see Figure 2). Heme re-orientation will then progress until the equilibrium ratio of 9:1 is reached. NMR spectroscopy has been effective at monitoring this distribution of conformational isomers. Paramagnetism causes resonances ...
of Conformationally constrained chemotactic peptide analogs R.J.
... type III(1) or I I I f ( I f )and type I1 or 11' &turns) and a y-turn conformation (4 & 80'3- f80") is 3 kcal .mol-' [ 111. This is small enough to be offset by other interactions. While several examples of @-turn structures are documented in the solid state [lo-131, the p-turn has been observed cry ...
... type III(1) or I I I f ( I f )and type I1 or 11' &turns) and a y-turn conformation (4 & 80'3- f80") is 3 kcal .mol-' [ 111. This is small enough to be offset by other interactions. While several examples of @-turn structures are documented in the solid state [lo-131, the p-turn has been observed cry ...
Proteomics of Plasma Membranes from Poplar Trees Reveals
... © 2010 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. This paper is available on line at http://www.mcponline.org ...
... © 2010 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. This paper is available on line at http://www.mcponline.org ...
PROTEIN METABOLISM
... messenger. (By convention, the identity of a tRNA is indicated by a superscript, such as tRNAAla, and the aminoacylated tRNA by a hyphenated name: alanyltRNAAla or Ala-tRNAAla.) For example, ribosomes incubated with poly(U) and phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe (PhetRNAPhe) bind both RNAs, but if the ribosomes a ...
... messenger. (By convention, the identity of a tRNA is indicated by a superscript, such as tRNAAla, and the aminoacylated tRNA by a hyphenated name: alanyltRNAAla or Ala-tRNAAla.) For example, ribosomes incubated with poly(U) and phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe (PhetRNAPhe) bind both RNAs, but if the ribosomes a ...
Capabilities and limitations of gel electrophoresis for elemental
... preserved. Hence, it is often applied if an enzyme has to retain its activity after separation. This is why it is a possible separation technique for metal–protein complexes, which would be disturbed in the presence of denaturing chemicals. Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art 2DE protocols rely on t ...
... preserved. Hence, it is often applied if an enzyme has to retain its activity after separation. This is why it is a possible separation technique for metal–protein complexes, which would be disturbed in the presence of denaturing chemicals. Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art 2DE protocols rely on t ...
Translocation Arrest by Reversible Folding of a Precursor Protein
... ning the membranes are apparently embedded in a hydrophilic environment suggesting the possibility that protein components might be directly involved in the translocation process (Planner et al., 1987a). To determine the number of translocation contact sites, we made use of the following observation ...
... ning the membranes are apparently embedded in a hydrophilic environment suggesting the possibility that protein components might be directly involved in the translocation process (Planner et al., 1987a). To determine the number of translocation contact sites, we made use of the following observation ...
Engineering Tyrosine-Based Electron Flow Pathways in Proteins
... phenylalanines that can be selectively mutated to tyrosine residues, provides an ideal protein with which to study such through-protein electron transfer pathways and ways to manipulate them. Two surface exposed phenylalanines that are close to the heme have been mutated to tyrosines (F42Y, F98Y). I ...
... phenylalanines that can be selectively mutated to tyrosine residues, provides an ideal protein with which to study such through-protein electron transfer pathways and ways to manipulate them. Two surface exposed phenylalanines that are close to the heme have been mutated to tyrosines (F42Y, F98Y). I ...
Chapter 7
... surface molecules, often carbohydrates, on the plasma membrane • Membrane carbohydrates may be covalently bonded to lipids (forming glycolipids) or more commonly to proteins (forming glycoproteins) • Carbohydrates on the external side of the plasma membrane vary among species, individuals, and even ...
... surface molecules, often carbohydrates, on the plasma membrane • Membrane carbohydrates may be covalently bonded to lipids (forming glycolipids) or more commonly to proteins (forming glycoproteins) • Carbohydrates on the external side of the plasma membrane vary among species, individuals, and even ...
Interactions of Virus Proteins Within the Host Cell
... escape the endocytic vesicles. There are many different endocytic pathways that viruses can exploit according to their nature; some viruses can even exploit several different routes. Size of the viral particle is one determining factor that influences to the cellular pathway that the virus can explo ...
... escape the endocytic vesicles. There are many different endocytic pathways that viruses can exploit according to their nature; some viruses can even exploit several different routes. Size of the viral particle is one determining factor that influences to the cellular pathway that the virus can explo ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).