Replacement of threonine residues by serine and alanine in a
... threonine as a target site. We conclude that the site specificity of phosphorylation is either determined by the sequence context or by restrictions due to the conformation of the region into which the phosphorylatable residues are embedded. By systematically mutating putative phosphorylation sites ...
... threonine as a target site. We conclude that the site specificity of phosphorylation is either determined by the sequence context or by restrictions due to the conformation of the region into which the phosphorylatable residues are embedded. By systematically mutating putative phosphorylation sites ...
Drosophila ventral furrow morphogenesis: a
... stimulates the small GTPase, Rho, to exchange its bound GDP for GTP, thereby activating Rho. A dominant negative form of Rho also produces ventral furrow defects. In tissue culture cells, Rho has been shown to stimulate stress fiber formation (Hall, 1998). These results indicate that the actin cytos ...
... stimulates the small GTPase, Rho, to exchange its bound GDP for GTP, thereby activating Rho. A dominant negative form of Rho also produces ventral furrow defects. In tissue culture cells, Rho has been shown to stimulate stress fiber formation (Hall, 1998). These results indicate that the actin cytos ...
The Complement of Protein Phosphatase
... plant biologists, allowing the systematic sampling of protein function by genetic and biochemical means. ...
... plant biologists, allowing the systematic sampling of protein function by genetic and biochemical means. ...
Reading - Chapter 15 and the Appendix to Chapter 15
... The differences in O2 affinity between T-State (deoxy) and R-State (oxy) Hb can be understood in terms of the changes in quaternary structure that accompany the conversion of deoxy Hb to oxy Hb. o The shift from the deoxy to oxy conformation arises from the fact that in deoxy Hb the iron lies out of ...
... The differences in O2 affinity between T-State (deoxy) and R-State (oxy) Hb can be understood in terms of the changes in quaternary structure that accompany the conversion of deoxy Hb to oxy Hb. o The shift from the deoxy to oxy conformation arises from the fact that in deoxy Hb the iron lies out of ...
Protein profiling of the dimorphic, pathogenic fungus,Penicillium
... which is regulated by temperature of incubation. At room temperature, the fungus grows filamentously (mould phase), but at body temperature (37°C), a uninucleate yeast form develops that reproduces by fission. Formation of the yeast phase appears to be a requisite for pathogenicity. To date, no gene ...
... which is regulated by temperature of incubation. At room temperature, the fungus grows filamentously (mould phase), but at body temperature (37°C), a uninucleate yeast form develops that reproduces by fission. Formation of the yeast phase appears to be a requisite for pathogenicity. To date, no gene ...
Critical care: Meeting protein requirements without overfeeding energy
... Background and aims: Relatively high protein input has been associated with improved clinical outcome in critical illness. However, until recently differences in clinical outcome have been examined in terms of the energy goal-versus under-feeding. Most studies failed to set the energy goal by an acc ...
... Background and aims: Relatively high protein input has been associated with improved clinical outcome in critical illness. However, until recently differences in clinical outcome have been examined in terms of the energy goal-versus under-feeding. Most studies failed to set the energy goal by an acc ...
Methodology for predicting semantic annotations of protein
... The framework of this thesis is located in the field of bioinformatics. Particularly in the area associated to machine learning and pattern recognition, where a methodology for predict semantic annotations of proteins based on a robust feature extraction is proposed. The first part of this thesis co ...
... The framework of this thesis is located in the field of bioinformatics. Particularly in the area associated to machine learning and pattern recognition, where a methodology for predict semantic annotations of proteins based on a robust feature extraction is proposed. The first part of this thesis co ...
Meaningful relationships: the regulation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK
... Rac, a small G-protein that binds and activates p21cdc42\rac1activated serine\threonine kinase (PAK) [29]. PAK-3 has recently been shown to phosphorylate Raf-1 on serine-338, one of the sites whose phosphorylation is required for activation [36]. The other site is tyrosine-341, which is targeted by ...
... Rac, a small G-protein that binds and activates p21cdc42\rac1activated serine\threonine kinase (PAK) [29]. PAK-3 has recently been shown to phosphorylate Raf-1 on serine-338, one of the sites whose phosphorylation is required for activation [36]. The other site is tyrosine-341, which is targeted by ...
Evaluation of Different Solvent Types on the Extraction of
... Barreiro et al., 2013), high growth rate, short harvesting cycle which is generally less than ten days (Cheah et al., 2014) and in (Chen et al., 2013) and further in (Taher et al., 2014), possess high disease resistance ability, high metabolites content and high biomass density (Roy and Pal, 2014). ...
... Barreiro et al., 2013), high growth rate, short harvesting cycle which is generally less than ten days (Cheah et al., 2014) and in (Chen et al., 2013) and further in (Taher et al., 2014), possess high disease resistance ability, high metabolites content and high biomass density (Roy and Pal, 2014). ...
The Golgi Apparatus - Global Science Books
... 2005). These vesicles are then thought to be incorporated into the vacuole through a mechanism similar to autophagy (Levanony et al. 1992). It may be the case that these routes exist only in seeds, in order to cope with the large amounts of storage proteins that must be stockpiled in the protein sto ...
... 2005). These vesicles are then thought to be incorporated into the vacuole through a mechanism similar to autophagy (Levanony et al. 1992). It may be the case that these routes exist only in seeds, in order to cope with the large amounts of storage proteins that must be stockpiled in the protein sto ...
Role of N-linked oligosaccharide chains in the processing and
... (Sambrook et al., 1989). Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis was performed using a kit according to the instructions of the supplier (Bio-Rad). To obtain mutant cDNA lacking a particular single natural consensus site, we performed oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis using a single ol ...
... (Sambrook et al., 1989). Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis was performed using a kit according to the instructions of the supplier (Bio-Rad). To obtain mutant cDNA lacking a particular single natural consensus site, we performed oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis using a single ol ...
Role for Adenosine Triphosphate in Regulating the Assembly and
... results. [~S]Methionine-tabeled virus (see above) or cells labeled for 30 rain and chased for 60 min were lysed in pH 7.4 lysis buffer and brought to the desired pH by addition of pretitrated volumes of 1.0 N acetic acid. Alternatively, labeled virus or cells were added directly to lysis buffer at t ...
... results. [~S]Methionine-tabeled virus (see above) or cells labeled for 30 rain and chased for 60 min were lysed in pH 7.4 lysis buffer and brought to the desired pH by addition of pretitrated volumes of 1.0 N acetic acid. Alternatively, labeled virus or cells were added directly to lysis buffer at t ...
Identification of the tRNA-binding Protein Arc1p as a Novel Target of
... is catalyzed, the same chemically reactive intermediate, 1⬘-Ncarboxybiotin, is formed. It was demonstrated by Lynen and co-workers (3) that this allophanic acid-like biotin derivative contains the reactive carboxyl group on one of the two ureido nitrogens of the cofactor. The covalent attachment of ...
... is catalyzed, the same chemically reactive intermediate, 1⬘-Ncarboxybiotin, is formed. It was demonstrated by Lynen and co-workers (3) that this allophanic acid-like biotin derivative contains the reactive carboxyl group on one of the two ureido nitrogens of the cofactor. The covalent attachment of ...
Structural Basis of Biological Nitrogen Fixation
... rotation axis that passes through the 4Fe-4S cluster, which is located at the subunit-subunit interface. The 4Fe-4S cluster is symmetrically coordinated by the thiol groups of Cys97 and Cys132 from each subunit.41 In addition to the cluster, there are numerous van der Waals and polar interactions in ...
... rotation axis that passes through the 4Fe-4S cluster, which is located at the subunit-subunit interface. The 4Fe-4S cluster is symmetrically coordinated by the thiol groups of Cys97 and Cys132 from each subunit.41 In addition to the cluster, there are numerous van der Waals and polar interactions in ...
INTRODUCTION
... complexes so that the product of each reaction is passed directly as substrate to the next protein in the pathway. Protein analysis has identified recently the structural complex that links the outer membrane, inner boundary membrane, and this is now called MICOS for mitochondrial contact site and c ...
... complexes so that the product of each reaction is passed directly as substrate to the next protein in the pathway. Protein analysis has identified recently the structural complex that links the outer membrane, inner boundary membrane, and this is now called MICOS for mitochondrial contact site and c ...
Computer-Based Design of Novel Protein Structures
... structures are small units of protein secondary structure. Idealized α-helices and β-strands can be assembled by picking phi and psi angles from the appropriate region of the Ramachandran plot. Many studies have looked at β-hairpin design (37). The turn residues are often modeled in one of the four ...
... structures are small units of protein secondary structure. Idealized α-helices and β-strands can be assembled by picking phi and psi angles from the appropriate region of the Ramachandran plot. Many studies have looked at β-hairpin design (37). The turn residues are often modeled in one of the four ...
Assembly of AO and DHAS - Journal of Cell Science
... peroxisomes can import oligomers, questions remain about the physiological importance of this mechanism. If a protein can be imported into peroxisomes as an oligomer, does it normally utilize that pathway? Is oligomeric import the exclusive pathway for peroxisomes? Since classical chaperones have no ...
... peroxisomes can import oligomers, questions remain about the physiological importance of this mechanism. If a protein can be imported into peroxisomes as an oligomer, does it normally utilize that pathway? Is oligomeric import the exclusive pathway for peroxisomes? Since classical chaperones have no ...
Antifolding activity of hsp60 couples protein import into the
... reticulocyte lysate were added to isolated yeast mitochondria (Figure 2). Authentic precytochrome b2 was imported and processed in two steps to the intermediate and mature forms. Most of the mature-sized protein generated was in the intermembrane space and thus protected against externally added pro ...
... reticulocyte lysate were added to isolated yeast mitochondria (Figure 2). Authentic precytochrome b2 was imported and processed in two steps to the intermediate and mature forms. Most of the mature-sized protein generated was in the intermembrane space and thus protected against externally added pro ...
Evolutionary Relationships and Protein Domain Architecture in an
... The domain I equivalent of kinetoplastid calpainlike proteins can be grouped into two categories. The first group is characterized by the presence of this sequence domain both at the N-terminus of most domain II-containing calpain-like proteins (CALPs) and in the short calpain-like proteins lacking d ...
... The domain I equivalent of kinetoplastid calpainlike proteins can be grouped into two categories. The first group is characterized by the presence of this sequence domain both at the N-terminus of most domain II-containing calpain-like proteins (CALPs) and in the short calpain-like proteins lacking d ...
UNIT 2. Structure and function of proteins.
... - Some of them show specific biological roles, but in other cases they are just part of the main structural and functional peptide. ...
... - Some of them show specific biological roles, but in other cases they are just part of the main structural and functional peptide. ...
2.3. Three-Dimensional structure and function of proteins.
... - Some of them show specific biological roles, but in other cases they are just part of the main structural and functional peptide. ...
... - Some of them show specific biological roles, but in other cases they are just part of the main structural and functional peptide. ...
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs)
... • Whole proteins and regions of proteins are intrinsically disordered if they lack stable 3D structure under physiological conditions, • But exist instead as highly dynamic, rapidly interconverting ensembles without particular equilibrium values for their coordinates or bond angles and with noncoope ...
... • Whole proteins and regions of proteins are intrinsically disordered if they lack stable 3D structure under physiological conditions, • But exist instead as highly dynamic, rapidly interconverting ensembles without particular equilibrium values for their coordinates or bond angles and with noncoope ...
AA-tRNA - Studentportalen
... phosphorylated eIF2*GDP. •This results in the sequestration of eIF2B which is present in the cell in much lower amounts than eIF2 into eIF2B:P-eIF2 complexes. •In the absence of free eIF2B no GTP/GDP exchange on eIF2*GDP occurs and the initiation of ...
... phosphorylated eIF2*GDP. •This results in the sequestration of eIF2B which is present in the cell in much lower amounts than eIF2 into eIF2B:P-eIF2 complexes. •In the absence of free eIF2B no GTP/GDP exchange on eIF2*GDP occurs and the initiation of ...
Lecture 7 Notes CH.7
... structure of the plasma membrane • 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Descriptive term regarding the • 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability ...
... structure of the plasma membrane • 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Descriptive term regarding the • 7.2 Membrane structure results in selective permeability ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).