Ammonium Dodecyl Sulfate as an Alternative to Sodium Dodecyl
... cannot be predicted in the protein MALDI spectrum, the degree of mass shift is unknown. As a consequence, the protein mass cannot be accurately defined. Effects of ADS, TDS, and HDS on Resolution. SDS is commonly used to extract hydrophobic or membrane proteins from cells.5,6 Most biopolymer samples ...
... cannot be predicted in the protein MALDI spectrum, the degree of mass shift is unknown. As a consequence, the protein mass cannot be accurately defined. Effects of ADS, TDS, and HDS on Resolution. SDS is commonly used to extract hydrophobic or membrane proteins from cells.5,6 Most biopolymer samples ...
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... H. pylori strain 26695 with a molecular weight of 9.1 kDa and a calculated pI of 6.1 [34,35]. The structure of HP1242 is fully helical, and is composed of three α-helices. These correspond to residues 6-14 (αI), 18-38 (αII), and 43-75 (αIII) (Figure 3B). Based on the sequence homology, this protein ...
... H. pylori strain 26695 with a molecular weight of 9.1 kDa and a calculated pI of 6.1 [34,35]. The structure of HP1242 is fully helical, and is composed of three α-helices. These correspond to residues 6-14 (αI), 18-38 (αII), and 43-75 (αIII) (Figure 3B). Based on the sequence homology, this protein ...
REVIEW - The Journal of Cell Biology
... membrane proteins, and it consists of at least two integral polypeptides (90) of similar molecular weights (cf. reference 4). Several peripheral membrane proteins including ferredoxin, ferredoxinNADP reductase (cf. reference 19), plastocyanin (53, 61), and probably two subunits of the chloroplast co ...
... membrane proteins, and it consists of at least two integral polypeptides (90) of similar molecular weights (cf. reference 4). Several peripheral membrane proteins including ferredoxin, ferredoxinNADP reductase (cf. reference 19), plastocyanin (53, 61), and probably two subunits of the chloroplast co ...
Amino Acid Residues Contributing to Function of
... Olfactory receptors (Ors) convert chemical signals—the binding of odors and pheromones—to electrical signals through the depolarization of olfactory sensory neurons. Vertebrates Ors are G-protein-coupled receptors, stimulated by odors to produce intracellular second messengers that gate ion channels ...
... Olfactory receptors (Ors) convert chemical signals—the binding of odors and pheromones—to electrical signals through the depolarization of olfactory sensory neurons. Vertebrates Ors are G-protein-coupled receptors, stimulated by odors to produce intracellular second messengers that gate ion channels ...
Localization of protein-binding sites within families of proteins
... PIBASE (Pieper et al. 2004; Davis and Sali 2005) and superposed them via a structural alignment of member structures. Next, we described the localization index of protein-binding sites and qualified it by three additional measures, including localization difference relative to a random localization, ...
... PIBASE (Pieper et al. 2004; Davis and Sali 2005) and superposed them via a structural alignment of member structures. Next, we described the localization index of protein-binding sites and qualified it by three additional measures, including localization difference relative to a random localization, ...
Response of Jujube Fruits to Exogenous Oxalic Acid Treatment
... the results from electrospray ionization-MS/MS (ESI-MS/MS) analysis (Table 1), we found that a CBS domain-containing protein (J-13) was up-regulated by OA treatment (Fig. 7). CBS domains are generally found in cytosolic or membrane proteins performing different functions, including metabolic ...
... the results from electrospray ionization-MS/MS (ESI-MS/MS) analysis (Table 1), we found that a CBS domain-containing protein (J-13) was up-regulated by OA treatment (Fig. 7). CBS domains are generally found in cytosolic or membrane proteins performing different functions, including metabolic ...
Leuprorelin rescues polyglutamine
... Leuprorelin-treated AR-97Q mice showed a decrease in body weight and deterioration in the rotarod task at an age of 8–9 weeks (Figs. 1e,f and 3a), when serum testosterone initially increased through the agonistic effect of leuprorelin (Fig. 1a). This change was transient and was followed by sustaine ...
... Leuprorelin-treated AR-97Q mice showed a decrease in body weight and deterioration in the rotarod task at an age of 8–9 weeks (Figs. 1e,f and 3a), when serum testosterone initially increased through the agonistic effect of leuprorelin (Fig. 1a). This change was transient and was followed by sustaine ...
Dirty Business - American Chemical Society
... and nails, has a molecular mass in the 50,000-70,000 Dalton range. On the other hand, titin, the largest known protein, consists of 34,350 amino acids, with a molecular mass of approximately 3.8 million Daltons. Protein molecules are so large they are often referred to as macromolecules. In addition ...
... and nails, has a molecular mass in the 50,000-70,000 Dalton range. On the other hand, titin, the largest known protein, consists of 34,350 amino acids, with a molecular mass of approximately 3.8 million Daltons. Protein molecules are so large they are often referred to as macromolecules. In addition ...
Electrophilic Affibodies Forming Covalent Bonds to Protein Targets*DS
... result of the kinetics of B cell stimulation (11). In vitro selection methods based on phage display (12), mRNA/ribosome display (13), or yeast cell surface display (14) have sometimes managed to obtain femtomolar affinity antibodies. There are a few examples of antibodies that form covalent bonds t ...
... result of the kinetics of B cell stimulation (11). In vitro selection methods based on phage display (12), mRNA/ribosome display (13), or yeast cell surface display (14) have sometimes managed to obtain femtomolar affinity antibodies. There are a few examples of antibodies that form covalent bonds t ...
Understanding Tools and Techniques in Protein Structure Prediction
... quaternary conformation of a protein allows the formation of catalytic or binding sites at the interface between subunits, which is not possible for monomeric proteins. Ligand or substrate binding causes a conformational change affecting the protein assembly for regulation of its biological activity ...
... quaternary conformation of a protein allows the formation of catalytic or binding sites at the interface between subunits, which is not possible for monomeric proteins. Ligand or substrate binding causes a conformational change affecting the protein assembly for regulation of its biological activity ...
Using a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor to possibly
... inhibitor is a type of enzyme inhibitor that blocks the action of one or more protein kinases. There are currently a few inhibitors like CEP-1347/KT-75157, SP6001256, and JIP-18, that have been tested and shown to successfully inhibit the JNK pathway in some form. By using these inhibitors to regula ...
... inhibitor is a type of enzyme inhibitor that blocks the action of one or more protein kinases. There are currently a few inhibitors like CEP-1347/KT-75157, SP6001256, and JIP-18, that have been tested and shown to successfully inhibit the JNK pathway in some form. By using these inhibitors to regula ...
BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTATION
... number and type of weak bonds that are important to its conformation, ligand binding, or other properties, a change in temperature affects each protein/enzyme slightly differently with the potential to disrupt the integrated functioning of multicomponent pathways. For example, a temperature increase ...
... number and type of weak bonds that are important to its conformation, ligand binding, or other properties, a change in temperature affects each protein/enzyme slightly differently with the potential to disrupt the integrated functioning of multicomponent pathways. For example, a temperature increase ...
Vertebrate hairy and Enhancer of split related proteins
... must have a signi®cant role under some circumstances. Most bHLH proteins bind as either hetero- or homodimers to a consensus DNA sequence of CANNTG, known as an E-box. Additional binding speci®city is derived from interactions between the basic regions and the middle two bases, as well as bases ¯ank ...
... must have a signi®cant role under some circumstances. Most bHLH proteins bind as either hetero- or homodimers to a consensus DNA sequence of CANNTG, known as an E-box. Additional binding speci®city is derived from interactions between the basic regions and the middle two bases, as well as bases ¯ank ...
Chemically Mediated Site-Specific Proteolysis. Alteration of Protein
... proteases having different substrate specificities, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase (17); moreover, it does so by a novel mechanism. Monomers of ecotin, having 142 amino acid residues, are held together by their long Cterminal strands (residues 125-142) that are arranged as a 2-strande ...
... proteases having different substrate specificities, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase (17); moreover, it does so by a novel mechanism. Monomers of ecotin, having 142 amino acid residues, are held together by their long Cterminal strands (residues 125-142) that are arranged as a 2-strande ...
Sec35p, a Novel Peripheral Membrane Protein, Is Required for ER
... be initiated by disassembly of the v/t-SNARE complex (Söllner et al., 1993a) by yeast SNAP, Sec17p, (Griff et al., 1992) and NSF, Sec18p (Eakle et al., 1988; Wilson et al., 1989). However, this concept has been challenged by studies with a yeast system that reconstitutes homotypic vacuolar fusion, w ...
... be initiated by disassembly of the v/t-SNARE complex (Söllner et al., 1993a) by yeast SNAP, Sec17p, (Griff et al., 1992) and NSF, Sec18p (Eakle et al., 1988; Wilson et al., 1989). However, this concept has been challenged by studies with a yeast system that reconstitutes homotypic vacuolar fusion, w ...
Gene Section PTPRJ (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, J)
... (Lin et al., 2004). Recently, DEP-1 is indicated as the phosphatase that can compensate for the absence of CD45, the prototypical receptor-like PTP expressed on immune cells (Zhu et al., 2008). ...
... (Lin et al., 2004). Recently, DEP-1 is indicated as the phosphatase that can compensate for the absence of CD45, the prototypical receptor-like PTP expressed on immune cells (Zhu et al., 2008). ...
Chlamydia effector proteins and new insights into chlamydial
... Eventually, most of the cytoplasmic space of the host cell is occupied by the inclusion and EBs exit the host cell. The mechanism of chlamydial exit from infected cells is complex with at least two pathways described, cell lysis by the activation of cysteine proteases and by extrusion of the inclusi ...
... Eventually, most of the cytoplasmic space of the host cell is occupied by the inclusion and EBs exit the host cell. The mechanism of chlamydial exit from infected cells is complex with at least two pathways described, cell lysis by the activation of cysteine proteases and by extrusion of the inclusi ...
A New Subunit of Cytochrome b6f Complex Undergoes Reversible
... Genome Express (Paris, France). Total RNA analysis was performed according to a previous study (27). Protein Isolation, Separation, and Analysis—Biochemical analyses were carried out on cells grown to a density of about 2 ⫻ 106 cells per milliliter. For polypeptide analysis, samples were resuspended ...
... Genome Express (Paris, France). Total RNA analysis was performed according to a previous study (27). Protein Isolation, Separation, and Analysis—Biochemical analyses were carried out on cells grown to a density of about 2 ⫻ 106 cells per milliliter. For polypeptide analysis, samples were resuspended ...
NMR IN DRUG DISCOVERY. FROM SCREENING TO STRUCTURE-BASED DESIGN OF
... which becomes activated upon binding and autocatalytic pro-peptide cleavage. In certain cells, (Type I cells) caspase-8 activation is strong enough to be followed by procaspase-3 processing, activation, death signal amplification and execution. For the rest of the cells -type II- however, an alterna ...
... which becomes activated upon binding and autocatalytic pro-peptide cleavage. In certain cells, (Type I cells) caspase-8 activation is strong enough to be followed by procaspase-3 processing, activation, death signal amplification and execution. For the rest of the cells -type II- however, an alterna ...
Localization of Protein-Protein lnteractions between Subunits of
... a second protein. If one of the segments of the second protein contains a region through which the new chimeric protein is able to properly self-associate, activity will be restored. We have used the h repressor (cl) as the first component in our assay system. The native h repressor is a homodimer o ...
... a second protein. If one of the segments of the second protein contains a region through which the new chimeric protein is able to properly self-associate, activity will be restored. We have used the h repressor (cl) as the first component in our assay system. The native h repressor is a homodimer o ...
Localization of Protein-Protein lnteractions between Subunits of
... a second protein. If one of the segments of the second protein contains a region through which the new chimeric protein is able to properly self-associate, activity will be restored. We have used the h repressor (cl) as the first component in our assay system. The native h repressor is a homodimer o ...
... a second protein. If one of the segments of the second protein contains a region through which the new chimeric protein is able to properly self-associate, activity will be restored. We have used the h repressor (cl) as the first component in our assay system. The native h repressor is a homodimer o ...
Diversity in P-loop Structure of A-ATP Synthase
... proposed stoichiometry of A3 : B3 : C : D : E : F : H2 : a : cx while the related bacterial F-ATP synthase has eight subunits (α3 : β3 : γ : δ : ε : a : b2 : cx) and the eukaryotic V-ATPase has thirteen subunits (A3 : B3 : C : D : E : F : G2 : Hx : a : d : cx : c’x : c’’x).2 The A-ATP synthase is co ...
... proposed stoichiometry of A3 : B3 : C : D : E : F : H2 : a : cx while the related bacterial F-ATP synthase has eight subunits (α3 : β3 : γ : δ : ε : a : b2 : cx) and the eukaryotic V-ATPase has thirteen subunits (A3 : B3 : C : D : E : F : G2 : Hx : a : d : cx : c’x : c’’x).2 The A-ATP synthase is co ...
Chapter 7 7 The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes Mechanisms and
... when different substances are bound to the protein; e.g., inhibition of ATCase by CTP and activation by ...
... when different substances are bound to the protein; e.g., inhibition of ATCase by CTP and activation by ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).