Identification of the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
... 4P2) and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns3,4,5P3; reviewed by Katso et al., 2001; Rameh and Cantley, 1999). Downstream targets containing specialized domains, such as pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains, that specifically bind to these lipid products of PI3K are then activated. These ac ...
... 4P2) and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns3,4,5P3; reviewed by Katso et al., 2001; Rameh and Cantley, 1999). Downstream targets containing specialized domains, such as pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains, that specifically bind to these lipid products of PI3K are then activated. These ac ...
Dissecting protein function: an efficient protocol for
... function mutations) can often uncover a previously unknown role for a protein in a particular biological process. However, most mutations are identified based on loss-of-function (LOF) phenotypes, which cannot differentiate between separation-of-function alleles vs. mutations that encode unstable/un ...
... function mutations) can often uncover a previously unknown role for a protein in a particular biological process. However, most mutations are identified based on loss-of-function (LOF) phenotypes, which cannot differentiate between separation-of-function alleles vs. mutations that encode unstable/un ...
Why Ca2+ is chosen by nature for diverse regulations?
... Why Ca2+ is chosen by nature for diverse regulations? • Specific and tight binding to effector proteins • Suitable coordination chemistry • Larger diameter and flexible coordination number • Can bind in to irregularly shaped protein cavities ...
... Why Ca2+ is chosen by nature for diverse regulations? • Specific and tight binding to effector proteins • Suitable coordination chemistry • Larger diameter and flexible coordination number • Can bind in to irregularly shaped protein cavities ...
Protein kinases of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium
... to the model described by Hanks, in which the catalytic domain is subdivided into eleven subdomains, which can be aligned across all groups. In addition to the "typical" ePKs, several enzymes possessing protein kinase activity, but which are unrelated (or only distantly related) to ePKs at the prima ...
... to the model described by Hanks, in which the catalytic domain is subdivided into eleven subdomains, which can be aligned across all groups. In addition to the "typical" ePKs, several enzymes possessing protein kinase activity, but which are unrelated (or only distantly related) to ePKs at the prima ...
... that structures with molecular masses higher than 1,000 kDa can cross the cell wall and reach the extracellular milieu (26, 27, 47). GXM, for instance, has an average molecular mass ranging from 1.7 ⫻ 106 to 7 ⫻ 106 Da (27). Several studies by our group and others indicate that C. neoformans synthes ...
Signaling from synapse to nucleus: the logic behind the mechanisms Karl Deisseroth
... (Ca2þ/cAMP responsive element) regulatory sites controlling target genes, and becomes activated by phosphorylation on its Ser-133 residue (with modulatory influences exerted by other residues). A fast CaM-dependent kinase cascade and a slow MAP kinase cascade (likely to be cAMP-modulated) converge o ...
... (Ca2þ/cAMP responsive element) regulatory sites controlling target genes, and becomes activated by phosphorylation on its Ser-133 residue (with modulatory influences exerted by other residues). A fast CaM-dependent kinase cascade and a slow MAP kinase cascade (likely to be cAMP-modulated) converge o ...
... that structures with molecular masses higher than 1,000 kDa can cross the cell wall and reach the extracellular milieu (26, 27, 47). GXM, for instance, has an average molecular mass ranging from 1.7 ⫻ 106 to 7 ⫻ 106 Da (27). Several studies by our group and others indicate that C. neoformans synthes ...
Characterizing the complexity of enzymes on the basis of their
... MACiE website). The differences in catalytic propensity are further seen in the functions that the residues are carrying out in the six different enzyme classes (as defined by the EC). It is possible to split the functions that the catalytic residues are performing into seven categories: (a) activati ...
... MACiE website). The differences in catalytic propensity are further seen in the functions that the residues are carrying out in the six different enzyme classes (as defined by the EC). It is possible to split the functions that the catalytic residues are performing into seven categories: (a) activati ...
Methods and approaches for the comprehensive characterization
... the method is based on labeling proteins even before tryptic digestion followed by fractionation, it significantly reduces the complexity of the sample but retains sequence coverage in the subsequent mass spectral analysis. This results in improved protein identification that is indispensable for th ...
... the method is based on labeling proteins even before tryptic digestion followed by fractionation, it significantly reduces the complexity of the sample but retains sequence coverage in the subsequent mass spectral analysis. This results in improved protein identification that is indispensable for th ...
N-Methylated Amino Acids
... at glutamate residues of several membrane bound bacterial chemoreceptors. Moreover, they have been detected at the carboxy-terminal isoprenylcysteine or leucine residues of various proteins involved in signal transduction such as the Ras and Rho family of small G-proteins and the γ-subunit of hetero ...
... at glutamate residues of several membrane bound bacterial chemoreceptors. Moreover, they have been detected at the carboxy-terminal isoprenylcysteine or leucine residues of various proteins involved in signal transduction such as the Ras and Rho family of small G-proteins and the γ-subunit of hetero ...
GFP-labelled Rubisco and aspartate aminotransferase are present
... RNA might also traf®c. Stromules may, therefore, function as pathways for movement of metabolites and macromolecules between plastids in different parts of the cell. Hence, stromules may possibly be considered as organellar analogues of plasmodesmata, the cytoplasmic connections that join plant cell ...
... RNA might also traf®c. Stromules may, therefore, function as pathways for movement of metabolites and macromolecules between plastids in different parts of the cell. Hence, stromules may possibly be considered as organellar analogues of plasmodesmata, the cytoplasmic connections that join plant cell ...
Cloning and characterization of an eukaryotic initiation factor
... of g-32P-ATP (3000 Ci/mmol) at 30 jC for 30 min. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and visualized by autoradiography. (B) Expression of BeK wildtype (BeKw) and BeK catalytically inactive mutant (BeKm) in insect cells. The hexahistidine-tagged full-length BeK open reading frame was subcloned into p ...
... of g-32P-ATP (3000 Ci/mmol) at 30 jC for 30 min. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and visualized by autoradiography. (B) Expression of BeK wildtype (BeKw) and BeK catalytically inactive mutant (BeKm) in insect cells. The hexahistidine-tagged full-length BeK open reading frame was subcloned into p ...
Cold Shock Proteins
... a protein highly similar to CspA. Therefore, these proteins were grouped under the name of the CspA family. On the other hand, cspG encodes a cold shock inducible analog of CspA and CspB. This gene is located at 22 min on the Escherichia coli genetic map, apart from the other cspA family genes. Its ...
... a protein highly similar to CspA. Therefore, these proteins were grouped under the name of the CspA family. On the other hand, cspG encodes a cold shock inducible analog of CspA and CspB. This gene is located at 22 min on the Escherichia coli genetic map, apart from the other cspA family genes. Its ...
Cell-Free (In Vitro) Protein Expression
... Quickly Express Proteins in the System of Your Choice Go from DNA to usable protein in 1-4 hours Overcomes toxicity and insolubility issues associated with many proteins Multiple cell-free systems available to match your needs ...
... Quickly Express Proteins in the System of Your Choice Go from DNA to usable protein in 1-4 hours Overcomes toxicity and insolubility issues associated with many proteins Multiple cell-free systems available to match your needs ...
Sporopollenin biosynthetic enzymes interact and constitute a
... The sites of synthesis and transport of sporopollenin precursors in tapetal cells as well as the mechanisms of secretion of sporopollenin monomers to the extracellular locules before polymerisation in the microspore walls are not known. In Arabidopsis anther, secretion into the locule may involve th ...
... The sites of synthesis and transport of sporopollenin precursors in tapetal cells as well as the mechanisms of secretion of sporopollenin monomers to the extracellular locules before polymerisation in the microspore walls are not known. In Arabidopsis anther, secretion into the locule may involve th ...
invited talk
... RF1 (UAG, UAA) and RF2 (UGA, UAA) Fragment of the alignment (117 pairs). SDPs are shown by black boxes above the alignment. ...
... RF1 (UAG, UAA) and RF2 (UGA, UAA) Fragment of the alignment (117 pairs). SDPs are shown by black boxes above the alignment. ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... et al., 1999). In order to identify the gene involved in recognition and transduction of the flg22 elicitor signal, Gomez-Gomez and Boller (2000), used a genetic approach to screen Arabidopsis mutants after flg22 treatment and isolated several Flg sensing 2 (FLS2) mutants, which mapped to the FLS2 l ...
... et al., 1999). In order to identify the gene involved in recognition and transduction of the flg22 elicitor signal, Gomez-Gomez and Boller (2000), used a genetic approach to screen Arabidopsis mutants after flg22 treatment and isolated several Flg sensing 2 (FLS2) mutants, which mapped to the FLS2 l ...
(pdf-file 1,2 Mb)
... protein kinase. To determine whether Hrr25 controls Rps3 assembly in vivo, 40S subunits were isolated from the Hrr25-depleted cells by sucrosegradient centrifugation and treated with a high salt concentration. Rps3 was released from the 40S subunit on incubation with 100 mM MgCl2, whereas most ribos ...
... protein kinase. To determine whether Hrr25 controls Rps3 assembly in vivo, 40S subunits were isolated from the Hrr25-depleted cells by sucrosegradient centrifugation and treated with a high salt concentration. Rps3 was released from the 40S subunit on incubation with 100 mM MgCl2, whereas most ribos ...
1dl5 Lichtarge lab 2006
... 2.4.2 Overlap with known functional surfaces at 25% coverage. The name of the ligand is composed of the source PDB identifier and the heteroatom name used in that file. SAH binding site. Table 2 lists the top 25% of residues at the interface with 1dl5SAH699 (sah). The following table (Table 3) sugge ...
... 2.4.2 Overlap with known functional surfaces at 25% coverage. The name of the ligand is composed of the source PDB identifier and the heteroatom name used in that file. SAH binding site. Table 2 lists the top 25% of residues at the interface with 1dl5SAH699 (sah). The following table (Table 3) sugge ...
The Cell Membrane
... membrane becomes less tightly packed, and therefore its flu idity increases (Fig. 2.3B), a change with consequences for membrane function. Role of cholesterol The presence of cholesterol in the membrane makes it possible for the cell membrane to maintain its fluidity across a wide range of temperat ...
... membrane becomes less tightly packed, and therefore its flu idity increases (Fig. 2.3B), a change with consequences for membrane function. Role of cholesterol The presence of cholesterol in the membrane makes it possible for the cell membrane to maintain its fluidity across a wide range of temperat ...
Recognizing metal and acid radical ion
... function for carrying and transferring oxygen through blood, a fundamental life process of all vertebrates (except for the fish family channichthyidae) and some of invertebrates (Hsia, 1998); the binding of metal Zn2þ ions with nucleases and transcription factors plays a critical structural role in ...
... function for carrying and transferring oxygen through blood, a fundamental life process of all vertebrates (except for the fish family channichthyidae) and some of invertebrates (Hsia, 1998); the binding of metal Zn2þ ions with nucleases and transcription factors plays a critical structural role in ...
... A phospholipid replaces the fatty acid at position 1 with a phosphate group that may link to other groups (such as choline) 5. (10 pts) Please do any one of the following three questions: Choice A: Briefly describe the role of the hydrophobic effect on the formation of phospholipid bilayers and mice ...
Model Description Sheet
... Description: According to the CDC, 34.9% of United States adults are obese, which is linked to premature death, heart disease, cancer, respiratory disorders, fertility problems, Type 2 diabetes, and stroke. Over- and under-eating are related to brain chemistry. A 38 amino acid peptide hormone in the ...
... Description: According to the CDC, 34.9% of United States adults are obese, which is linked to premature death, heart disease, cancer, respiratory disorders, fertility problems, Type 2 diabetes, and stroke. Over- and under-eating are related to brain chemistry. A 38 amino acid peptide hormone in the ...
article in press - Biochemistry
... subunits. Mammals express several isoforms of each subunit, and different combinations produce enzymes with differing tissue and subcellular localization, as well as altered sensitivity to AMP (see Hardie, 2003 for a review of the known differences). However, all of the known AMPK complexes are acti ...
... subunits. Mammals express several isoforms of each subunit, and different combinations produce enzymes with differing tissue and subcellular localization, as well as altered sensitivity to AMP (see Hardie, 2003 for a review of the known differences). However, all of the known AMPK complexes are acti ...
A Cyanobacterial Chlorophyll Synthase-HliD
... separated by SDS-PAGE (Figure 1A). The Coomassie blue– stained bands were digested with trypsin and identified by MS. In addition to the FLAG-ChlG protein used as bait, we identified the Ycf39 homolog Slr0399, the Slr1471 protein belonging to the Alb3/Oxa1/YidC family (hereafter, YidC), the high-light ...
... separated by SDS-PAGE (Figure 1A). The Coomassie blue– stained bands were digested with trypsin and identified by MS. In addition to the FLAG-ChlG protein used as bait, we identified the Ycf39 homolog Slr0399, the Slr1471 protein belonging to the Alb3/Oxa1/YidC family (hereafter, YidC), the high-light ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).