A Cyanobacterial Chlorophyll Synthase-HliD
... separated by SDS-PAGE (Figure 1A). The Coomassie blue– stained bands were digested with trypsin and identified by MS. In addition to the FLAG-ChlG protein used as bait, we identified the Ycf39 homolog Slr0399, the Slr1471 protein belonging to the Alb3/Oxa1/YidC family (hereafter, YidC), the high-light ...
... separated by SDS-PAGE (Figure 1A). The Coomassie blue– stained bands were digested with trypsin and identified by MS. In addition to the FLAG-ChlG protein used as bait, we identified the Ycf39 homolog Slr0399, the Slr1471 protein belonging to the Alb3/Oxa1/YidC family (hereafter, YidC), the high-light ...
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Mitogen
... diseases such as muscular dystrophies. Much evidence has demonstrated that MAPK activation is important for skeletal myogenesis. The cessation of MAPK activity is also an important part of the process of skeletal myogenesis. The MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) are responsible for inactivating the MAPKs. Th ...
... diseases such as muscular dystrophies. Much evidence has demonstrated that MAPK activation is important for skeletal myogenesis. The cessation of MAPK activity is also an important part of the process of skeletal myogenesis. The MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) are responsible for inactivating the MAPKs. Th ...
The twin arginine protein transport pathway exports multiple
... TATFIND 1.4 and TatP have been shown to have bona fide Tat-targeting signals (Widdick et al., 2006). This therefore gives confidence that the subset of proteins predicted to be Tat substrates by both programmes are highly likely to represent real substrates. For S. scabies, 82 proteins are predicted ...
... TATFIND 1.4 and TatP have been shown to have bona fide Tat-targeting signals (Widdick et al., 2006). This therefore gives confidence that the subset of proteins predicted to be Tat substrates by both programmes are highly likely to represent real substrates. For S. scabies, 82 proteins are predicted ...
BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF
... climates. Historically, barley has been an important food source in many parts of the world. However, only 2 % of barley is used for human food at present, mainly in the developing world. It is used as an animal feed more likely, and the worldwide greatest use of barley is for malting purposes, most ...
... climates. Historically, barley has been an important food source in many parts of the world. However, only 2 % of barley is used for human food at present, mainly in the developing world. It is used as an animal feed more likely, and the worldwide greatest use of barley is for malting purposes, most ...
Chem 465 Biochemistry II
... Again only one of the labeled positions are labeled in any single isocitrate molecule. Only ½ of the á-ketoglutarate molecules will be carrying a label after one turn of the TCA cycle. (Page left blank so you can sketch out the TCA pathway to get your answers) ...
... Again only one of the labeled positions are labeled in any single isocitrate molecule. Only ½ of the á-ketoglutarate molecules will be carrying a label after one turn of the TCA cycle. (Page left blank so you can sketch out the TCA pathway to get your answers) ...
The Strategic Use of Ruminally Protected Amino Acids in Dairy
... Many nutritionists have the idea that supplying more AA will result in greater flow to the mammary gland and thus more milk protein. Unfortunately this may not be the case. Once absorbed into the cow, amino acids can contribute to protein, but the majority of the protein is deaminated and used for e ...
... Many nutritionists have the idea that supplying more AA will result in greater flow to the mammary gland and thus more milk protein. Unfortunately this may not be the case. Once absorbed into the cow, amino acids can contribute to protein, but the majority of the protein is deaminated and used for e ...
Understanding Hyaluronan-Protein Interactions
... Putative roles of TSG-6 in cartilage. TSG-6, which is secreted by chondrocytes during inflammation (e.g., in rheumatoid arthritis), is likely to be involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, as it can interact with components of cartilage such as hyaluronan, chondroitin-4-sulfate and the G1-domain ...
... Putative roles of TSG-6 in cartilage. TSG-6, which is secreted by chondrocytes during inflammation (e.g., in rheumatoid arthritis), is likely to be involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, as it can interact with components of cartilage such as hyaluronan, chondroitin-4-sulfate and the G1-domain ...
Insect Biochemistry 15:
... Reactions were started by the addition of glutamine synthetase and the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm followed. Biosynthetic, stopped time assay. Assays contained 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.4), 100 mM Na-glutamate, 10 mM NH4CI, 2.8 mM ATP, 8 mM MgCI 2, 0.5 mM EDTA and 2-3 mU of GS in a total volume of 7 ...
... Reactions were started by the addition of glutamine synthetase and the decrease in absorbance at 340 nm followed. Biosynthetic, stopped time assay. Assays contained 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.4), 100 mM Na-glutamate, 10 mM NH4CI, 2.8 mM ATP, 8 mM MgCI 2, 0.5 mM EDTA and 2-3 mU of GS in a total volume of 7 ...
Reduced amino acid alphabets exhibit an improved sensitivity and
... of structures and their associated sequences now available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), it is clear that the same protein fold may be generated by different amino acid sequences; in effect, the structure of proteins is more conserved than their sequences (Chothia and Lesk, 1986). In some cases, t ...
... of structures and their associated sequences now available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), it is clear that the same protein fold may be generated by different amino acid sequences; in effect, the structure of proteins is more conserved than their sequences (Chothia and Lesk, 1986). In some cases, t ...
Protein Import, Replication, and Inheritance of a Vestigial
... excluded from mitosomes and remained in the cytoplasm. Excess cytoplasmic protein associates also with cytoskeletal elements in an unspecific manner. C, conversely, deletion of 5 N-terminal amino acids in GiCpn60 (⌬N-Cpn60-HA) does not abolish import. Single confocal sections and three-dimensional r ...
... excluded from mitosomes and remained in the cytoplasm. Excess cytoplasmic protein associates also with cytoskeletal elements in an unspecific manner. C, conversely, deletion of 5 N-terminal amino acids in GiCpn60 (⌬N-Cpn60-HA) does not abolish import. Single confocal sections and three-dimensional r ...
Two-step and one-step secretion mechanisms in Gram
... Every pilus subunit possesses a 10–20 residue long disordered Nte (N-terminal extension), which, similar to the G1 β-strand of the chaperone, contains alternating hydrophobic residues. This Nte was shown not to be part of the Ig-like fold [36]. During the course of polymerization, the Nte of the inc ...
... Every pilus subunit possesses a 10–20 residue long disordered Nte (N-terminal extension), which, similar to the G1 β-strand of the chaperone, contains alternating hydrophobic residues. This Nte was shown not to be part of the Ig-like fold [36]. During the course of polymerization, the Nte of the inc ...
Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol.
... crystal defects. Thus, B-factors cannot be interpreted simply as the amplitude of atomic fluctuations because both true intramolecular motion and lattice disorder contribute to them. Moreover, crystal contacts affect B-factors. In the context of protein structures, the B-factors can be taken as indi ...
... crystal defects. Thus, B-factors cannot be interpreted simply as the amplitude of atomic fluctuations because both true intramolecular motion and lattice disorder contribute to them. Moreover, crystal contacts affect B-factors. In the context of protein structures, the B-factors can be taken as indi ...
Recent advances in plant cell wall proteomics
... Indeed, proteomic studies made on cell walls revealed leaderless proteins mixed with secreted proteins, many of which have well-known functions inside the cell. There have been many discussions about the possibility of finding non-canonical proteins in plant cell walls [7, 36]. Are they bona fide s ...
... Indeed, proteomic studies made on cell walls revealed leaderless proteins mixed with secreted proteins, many of which have well-known functions inside the cell. There have been many discussions about the possibility of finding non-canonical proteins in plant cell walls [7, 36]. Are they bona fide s ...
High-resolution mapping of protein sequence
... by the current 76-base limit of short-read Illumina sequencing. We did not sequence the regions encoding the remaining eight variable residues of the 33, and these regions therefore contain uncharacterized mutations; however, they are not directly involved in peptide binding (Fig. 1a). The sequenced ...
... by the current 76-base limit of short-read Illumina sequencing. We did not sequence the regions encoding the remaining eight variable residues of the 33, and these regions therefore contain uncharacterized mutations; however, they are not directly involved in peptide binding (Fig. 1a). The sequenced ...
Creating Multiple Sequence Alignments
... o Set width of the sliding window: (right click on the Dotter window and select ‘Change size of sliding window’). The default width of 25 residues over which the pairwise scores are averaged has proven to be very robust, but you can change the width of the sliding window. o Print to a file: (right ...
... o Set width of the sliding window: (right click on the Dotter window and select ‘Change size of sliding window’). The default width of 25 residues over which the pairwise scores are averaged has proven to be very robust, but you can change the width of the sliding window. o Print to a file: (right ...
basic laboratory course 3
... The tertiary structure of a protein describes the detailed features of the three dimensional conformation of the polypeptide chain. It is brought about by the interactions between the amino acid side chains which cause the folding and bending of a-helix and b-sheet segments of the protein. One very ...
... The tertiary structure of a protein describes the detailed features of the three dimensional conformation of the polypeptide chain. It is brought about by the interactions between the amino acid side chains which cause the folding and bending of a-helix and b-sheet segments of the protein. One very ...
Structure, prediction, evolution and genome wide studies of membrane proteins
... The other possibility of spanning the membrane while satisfying internal backbone hydrogen bonds and maintaining a large hydrophobic surface area is the β-barrel fold (Figure 2B). Since a β-strand always hydrogen bonds to another β-strand, these proteins consist of β-hairpins through the membrane. T ...
... The other possibility of spanning the membrane while satisfying internal backbone hydrogen bonds and maintaining a large hydrophobic surface area is the β-barrel fold (Figure 2B). Since a β-strand always hydrogen bonds to another β-strand, these proteins consist of β-hairpins through the membrane. T ...
Barley MLA Immune Receptors Directly Interfere
... interact with transcription factors (TFs) or cofactors to regulate defense gene expression. Barley MLA10 was shown to interact with two WRKY TFs, WRKY1 and WRKY2, through its N-terminal CC domain (Shen et al., 2007). The TIR domain of Arabidopsis SNC1 was shown to mediate the interaction with TPR1, ...
... interact with transcription factors (TFs) or cofactors to regulate defense gene expression. Barley MLA10 was shown to interact with two WRKY TFs, WRKY1 and WRKY2, through its N-terminal CC domain (Shen et al., 2007). The TIR domain of Arabidopsis SNC1 was shown to mediate the interaction with TPR1, ...
FREE Sample Here
... B) Glucose entering the cell down its concentration gradient provides energy for uptake of sodium ions against the electrochemical gradient. C) Sodium ions can move down their electrochemical gradient through the cotransporter whether or not glucose is present outside the cell. D) The cotransporter ...
... B) Glucose entering the cell down its concentration gradient provides energy for uptake of sodium ions against the electrochemical gradient. C) Sodium ions can move down their electrochemical gradient through the cotransporter whether or not glucose is present outside the cell. D) The cotransporter ...
Protein Structure - Macmillan Learning
... how the folding instructions are encoded is still not understood; it remains the holy grail of the protein-folding field, given that the conformation of proteins is essential to their proper function. Part of the explanation of how proteins fold lies in their reaction to an aqueous environment. Most ...
... how the folding instructions are encoded is still not understood; it remains the holy grail of the protein-folding field, given that the conformation of proteins is essential to their proper function. Part of the explanation of how proteins fold lies in their reaction to an aqueous environment. Most ...
Summary - University of Amsterdam
... -oxidation, the degradation of purines,, polyamines, L-pipecoic acid and D-amino acids, and the biosynthesis of etherphospholipids andd bile acids. The peroxisomal localization of these functions raises the question of how the transportt across the peroxisomal membrane is accomplished. Soon after th ...
... -oxidation, the degradation of purines,, polyamines, L-pipecoic acid and D-amino acids, and the biosynthesis of etherphospholipids andd bile acids. The peroxisomal localization of these functions raises the question of how the transportt across the peroxisomal membrane is accomplished. Soon after th ...
- Wiley Online Library
... phosphotransferase system (PTS) [6]. The system consists of sugar-speci¢c PTS permeases, also referred to as enzymes II (EII), and two general PTS proteins, enzyme I (EI) and histidine-containing protein (HPr), that participate in the phosphorylation of all PTS-transported carbohydrates. The speci¢c ...
... phosphotransferase system (PTS) [6]. The system consists of sugar-speci¢c PTS permeases, also referred to as enzymes II (EII), and two general PTS proteins, enzyme I (EI) and histidine-containing protein (HPr), that participate in the phosphorylation of all PTS-transported carbohydrates. The speci¢c ...
Protein hydrolysates in sports nutrition
... main component in whey protein hydrolysate, stimulates glucose uptake also in isolated muscles [25]. Another study by Morifuji et al. compared the effects of different proteins on post-exercise glycogen resynthesis [26]. Immediately after the glycogen-depleting exercise, male Sprague-Dawley rats wer ...
... main component in whey protein hydrolysate, stimulates glucose uptake also in isolated muscles [25]. Another study by Morifuji et al. compared the effects of different proteins on post-exercise glycogen resynthesis [26]. Immediately after the glycogen-depleting exercise, male Sprague-Dawley rats wer ...
The structural biology of the amyloid precursor protein
... been concentrated on APP695. It is, however, not finally clear from which APP-splice form the AD-associated Aβaggregates are derived. Many investigations have targeted functional features of different segments of APP and its mammalian paralogues and orthologues from other species as well as of the r ...
... been concentrated on APP695. It is, however, not finally clear from which APP-splice form the AD-associated Aβaggregates are derived. Many investigations have targeted functional features of different segments of APP and its mammalian paralogues and orthologues from other species as well as of the r ...
Regulation of transcript encoding the 43K
... purified phage from 24 plaques and analysed DNA from these phage by Southern blots. Phage DNA was digested separately with EcoRl and Stul and Southern blots were probed with 32P-T43k.l cDNA. Based upon the restriction maps of cDNA clones that encode an incorrect C-terminal region (T43k.l) and a seco ...
... purified phage from 24 plaques and analysed DNA from these phage by Southern blots. Phage DNA was digested separately with EcoRl and Stul and Southern blots were probed with 32P-T43k.l cDNA. Based upon the restriction maps of cDNA clones that encode an incorrect C-terminal region (T43k.l) and a seco ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).