Conceptual Questions C1. Answer: The start codon begins at the
... C11. Answer: An anticodon that was 3′–UUG–5′ would recognize the two codons. To recognize 5′–AAA–3′, it would have to be modified to 3′–UUI–5′. C12. Answer: All tRNA molecules have some basic features in common. They all have a cloverleaf structure with three stem-loop structures. The second stem-l ...
... C11. Answer: An anticodon that was 3′–UUG–5′ would recognize the two codons. To recognize 5′–AAA–3′, it would have to be modified to 3′–UUI–5′. C12. Answer: All tRNA molecules have some basic features in common. They all have a cloverleaf structure with three stem-loop structures. The second stem-l ...
Structure of human cystathionine synthase: a
... The structure of glutaredoxin from Escherichia coli can be roughly superimposed onto CBS (Figure 3D). In this superposition a-helix 1 of glutaredoxin ®ts onto a-helix 7 of CBS and a-helix 3 onto a-helix 8 of CBS, but in opposite directions. The four strands of the central b-sheet of glutaredoxin ®t ...
... The structure of glutaredoxin from Escherichia coli can be roughly superimposed onto CBS (Figure 3D). In this superposition a-helix 1 of glutaredoxin ®ts onto a-helix 7 of CBS and a-helix 3 onto a-helix 8 of CBS, but in opposite directions. The four strands of the central b-sheet of glutaredoxin ®t ...
Modification-specific proteomics: Strategies for characterization of
... for identifying candidate substrate proteins for certain types of PTM, such as tyrosine phosphorylation. However, the small size of the structural motifs of other common PTMs (for example, protein methylation and acetylation) makes it difficult to generate pan-specific antibodies, which recognize PT ...
... for identifying candidate substrate proteins for certain types of PTM, such as tyrosine phosphorylation. However, the small size of the structural motifs of other common PTMs (for example, protein methylation and acetylation) makes it difficult to generate pan-specific antibodies, which recognize PT ...
Mitochondrial Proton Leak and the Uncoupling Proteins
... only in the Kupffer cells, and not hepatocytes. Under normal conditions, very low or undecectable levels of UCP2 mRNA are measureable in hepatocytes (Carretero et al., 1998). UCP2 was transfected into yeast cells on an inducible expression vector (Fleury et al., 1997; Gimeno et al., 1997). When the ...
... only in the Kupffer cells, and not hepatocytes. Under normal conditions, very low or undecectable levels of UCP2 mRNA are measureable in hepatocytes (Carretero et al., 1998). UCP2 was transfected into yeast cells on an inducible expression vector (Fleury et al., 1997; Gimeno et al., 1997). When the ...
the pdf - University of British Columbia
... chick spinal cord it is possible to examine developmental changes leading to the loss of regenerative ability. These findings (Nelson & Steeves, 1987; Ethell et al., 1988; Shimizu et al., 1990; Hasan et al., 1990) suggest that developmental events occur in the spinal cord around E13 leading to a los ...
... chick spinal cord it is possible to examine developmental changes leading to the loss of regenerative ability. These findings (Nelson & Steeves, 1987; Ethell et al., 1988; Shimizu et al., 1990; Hasan et al., 1990) suggest that developmental events occur in the spinal cord around E13 leading to a los ...
Use of a Sec signal peptide library from Bacillus subtilis for the
... acids in length on average [12]. These SPs show a highly conserved three-domain structure: (1) a positively charged N-region, with a high preference for lysine residues at P2 and P3 [12, 13], (2) the longest region, termed H-region, consists of hydrophobic amino acids, and (3) a C-domain, which cont ...
... acids in length on average [12]. These SPs show a highly conserved three-domain structure: (1) a positively charged N-region, with a high preference for lysine residues at P2 and P3 [12, 13], (2) the longest region, termed H-region, consists of hydrophobic amino acids, and (3) a C-domain, which cont ...
Dishevelled: at the crossroads of divergent
... rhoA and strabismus (stbm) are required for planar polarity generation in all tissues (Adler et al., 1990; Gubb, 1993; Strutt et al., 1997; Wolff and Rubin, 1998). Unlike dsh, these genes do not display wg phenotypes. In addition, several genes have been identi®ed that are required for planar polari ...
... rhoA and strabismus (stbm) are required for planar polarity generation in all tissues (Adler et al., 1990; Gubb, 1993; Strutt et al., 1997; Wolff and Rubin, 1998). Unlike dsh, these genes do not display wg phenotypes. In addition, several genes have been identi®ed that are required for planar polari ...
Whole body and tissue protein synthesis in cattle
... Laboratoriums-Apparate GmbH, Dottingen, W. Germany) in 60 ml ice-cold 0.08 mMnorleucine solution before sulphosalicylic acid was added to a final concentration of 70 g/l. After centrifugation the supernatant fraction was treated as for the blood samples. The protein precipitate was retained. Specifi ...
... Laboratoriums-Apparate GmbH, Dottingen, W. Germany) in 60 ml ice-cold 0.08 mMnorleucine solution before sulphosalicylic acid was added to a final concentration of 70 g/l. After centrifugation the supernatant fraction was treated as for the blood samples. The protein precipitate was retained. Specifi ...
The Plasma Membrane of the Cyanobacterium
... The majority of identified proteins (163 of 264) are present in both fractions. Forty percent of these are integral membrane proteins, which in contrast with cytoplasmic matrix proteins are unlikely to be bound coincidently as contaminants to both the orange and green membrane domains (i.e., they ra ...
... The majority of identified proteins (163 of 264) are present in both fractions. Forty percent of these are integral membrane proteins, which in contrast with cytoplasmic matrix proteins are unlikely to be bound coincidently as contaminants to both the orange and green membrane domains (i.e., they ra ...
Gene encoding the group B streptococcal protein R4, its
... prototypic reference antisera for R4 in double-diffusion (results not shown). The trypsin-extracted R4 showed a precipitin result with anti-R4 antiserum for both controls. As the classic example of pepsin sensitivity for pepsin at pH2, no precipitin result was shown. At pH4, pH6 and pH8, however, pr ...
... prototypic reference antisera for R4 in double-diffusion (results not shown). The trypsin-extracted R4 showed a precipitin result with anti-R4 antiserum for both controls. As the classic example of pepsin sensitivity for pepsin at pH2, no precipitin result was shown. At pH4, pH6 and pH8, however, pr ...
PDF - SAGE Journals
... Methanococcus jannaschii is an autotrophic archaeon originally isolated from an oceanic thermal vent. The primary metabolic pathway for energy production in this hyperthermophilic microbe is methanogenesis from H2 and CO2. As an autotroph, M. jannaschii requires only CO2 as a carbon source for synth ...
... Methanococcus jannaschii is an autotrophic archaeon originally isolated from an oceanic thermal vent. The primary metabolic pathway for energy production in this hyperthermophilic microbe is methanogenesis from H2 and CO2. As an autotroph, M. jannaschii requires only CO2 as a carbon source for synth ...
The Plasma Membrane of the Cyanobacterium
... The majority of identified proteins (163 of 264) are present in both fractions. Forty percent of these are integral membrane proteins, which in contrast with cytoplasmic matrix proteins are unlikely to be bound coincidently as contaminants to both the orange and green membrane domains (i.e., they ra ...
... The majority of identified proteins (163 of 264) are present in both fractions. Forty percent of these are integral membrane proteins, which in contrast with cytoplasmic matrix proteins are unlikely to be bound coincidently as contaminants to both the orange and green membrane domains (i.e., they ra ...
Lipid metabolism disorders
... ( HMG-CoA Reductase includes a transmembrane sterol-sensing domain that has a role in activating degradation of the enzyme via the proteasome ...
... ( HMG-CoA Reductase includes a transmembrane sterol-sensing domain that has a role in activating degradation of the enzyme via the proteasome ...
Full and Partial Agonists of Muscarinic M3 Receptors Reveal Single
... measured for 5 to 10 s to establish a baseline. After this, a muscarinic receptor agonist or vehicle control (HBSS) was added (30 –50 l; 30 – 40 l 䡠 s⫺1), and fluorescence was recorded for 130 to 180 s. In the continued presence of muscarinic receptor agonists or buffer control, an addition of eit ...
... measured for 5 to 10 s to establish a baseline. After this, a muscarinic receptor agonist or vehicle control (HBSS) was added (30 –50 l; 30 – 40 l 䡠 s⫺1), and fluorescence was recorded for 130 to 180 s. In the continued presence of muscarinic receptor agonists or buffer control, an addition of eit ...
CMBI
... – How do the proteins encoded in genomes interact with each other to produce cells and phenotypes ? – To predict such functional interactions between proteins as there exist e.g. in metabolic pathways, signalling pathways or protein complexes ...
... – How do the proteins encoded in genomes interact with each other to produce cells and phenotypes ? – To predict such functional interactions between proteins as there exist e.g. in metabolic pathways, signalling pathways or protein complexes ...
The LIR motif – crucial for selective autophagy
... Fig. 3. LIR motif consensus and structural determinants of LIR–ATG8 interactions. (A) Surface representation of LC3B bound to the p62-LIR peptide (top left), yeast Atg8 bound to the Atg19-LIR peptide (top right), GABARAP-L1 bound to the NBR1-LIR peptide (bottom left) and LC3C bound to the NDP52-LIR ...
... Fig. 3. LIR motif consensus and structural determinants of LIR–ATG8 interactions. (A) Surface representation of LC3B bound to the p62-LIR peptide (top left), yeast Atg8 bound to the Atg19-LIR peptide (top right), GABARAP-L1 bound to the NBR1-LIR peptide (bottom left) and LC3C bound to the NDP52-LIR ...
AlgPred: prediction of allergenic proteins and mapping of
... can also occur. It affects a large population with very high prevalence particularly of skin sensitization (4,5). Most allergic responses occur on mucous membrane surface in response to allergens that enter the body by either inhalations or ingestion. The prediction of allergenic proteins is becomin ...
... can also occur. It affects a large population with very high prevalence particularly of skin sensitization (4,5). Most allergic responses occur on mucous membrane surface in response to allergens that enter the body by either inhalations or ingestion. The prediction of allergenic proteins is becomin ...
ARTÍCULOS
... characterize the interaction between H-NS and Hha. We show that the presence of DNA in preparations of copurified His-Hha and H-NS is not directly implicated in the interaction between the proteins. The precise molecular mass of the H-NS protein retained by Hha, obtained by mass spectrometry analysis ...
... characterize the interaction between H-NS and Hha. We show that the presence of DNA in preparations of copurified His-Hha and H-NS is not directly implicated in the interaction between the proteins. The precise molecular mass of the H-NS protein retained by Hha, obtained by mass spectrometry analysis ...
Table S1 Genes with similar expression patterns in Qing2
... 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase, member of a family of enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerases; non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; phosphorylated; mutation affects fluid-phase endocytosis ...
... 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase, member of a family of enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerases; non-tagged protein is detected in highly purified mitochondria in high-throughput studies; phosphorylated; mutation affects fluid-phase endocytosis ...
Processing Synthesis of Cellulase from Ripening
... immunodetection of cellulase, proteins were electroblotted to nitrocellulose (Bio-Rad) essentially as described by Burnette (7). The transfer buffer contained 150 mM Tris, 20 mM glycine, 20% methanol, and 0.01% SDS and transfer was carried out at 1 A for 75 to 90 min. Protein blots were first incuba ...
... immunodetection of cellulase, proteins were electroblotted to nitrocellulose (Bio-Rad) essentially as described by Burnette (7). The transfer buffer contained 150 mM Tris, 20 mM glycine, 20% methanol, and 0.01% SDS and transfer was carried out at 1 A for 75 to 90 min. Protein blots were first incuba ...
A New Subfamily of Major Intrinsic Proteins in
... Some structurally important positions where SIPs are different compared to GlpF and AQP1 are listed in table 2, and in figure 4 some of these positions are shown in the structure of GlpF. In general, the amino acid residues at these positions are conserved among non–SIP-MIPs. Several deviations from ...
... Some structurally important positions where SIPs are different compared to GlpF and AQP1 are listed in table 2, and in figure 4 some of these positions are shown in the structure of GlpF. In general, the amino acid residues at these positions are conserved among non–SIP-MIPs. Several deviations from ...
Pokeweed Antiviral Protein, a Ribosome Inactivating Protein: Activity
... Pokeweed Antiviral Protein and Its Isoforms Most type 1 RIPs are encoded by intron-less genes that define pro-RIPs with N- and C-terminal extensions with respect to the mature forms, e.g., several isoforms of pokeweed antiviral protein from P. americana have been described (Table 1) [12,24,69–71]. A ...
... Pokeweed Antiviral Protein and Its Isoforms Most type 1 RIPs are encoded by intron-less genes that define pro-RIPs with N- and C-terminal extensions with respect to the mature forms, e.g., several isoforms of pokeweed antiviral protein from P. americana have been described (Table 1) [12,24,69–71]. A ...
Full-Text PDF
... results were interpreted in the context of the docking results. The results suggest that an extended surface along the active site cleft is involved in binding of a protein substrate. Furthermore, it appears that a number of hydrophobic and aromatic residues are important for interacting with Z-QG, ...
... results were interpreted in the context of the docking results. The results suggest that an extended surface along the active site cleft is involved in binding of a protein substrate. Furthermore, it appears that a number of hydrophobic and aromatic residues are important for interacting with Z-QG, ...
Urine Reflection of Changes in Blood
... mechanisms in order to maintain the homeostasis of the blood. In contrast, urine is the place that most of the wastes in blood are dumped into, and thus tolerates changes to a much higher degree. Biomarkers are the measurable changes associated with a physiological or pathophysiological process. The ...
... mechanisms in order to maintain the homeostasis of the blood. In contrast, urine is the place that most of the wastes in blood are dumped into, and thus tolerates changes to a much higher degree. Biomarkers are the measurable changes associated with a physiological or pathophysiological process. The ...
G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that sense molecules outside the cell and activate inside signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.G protein–coupled receptors are found only in eukaryotes, including yeast, choanoflagellates, and animals. The ligands that bind and activate these receptors include light-sensitive compounds, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and vary in size from small molecules to peptides to large proteins. G protein–coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and are also the target of approximately 40% of all modern medicinal drugs. Two of the United States's top five selling drugs (Hydrocodone and Lisinopril) act by targeting a G protein–coupled receptor. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Brian Kobilka and Robert Lefkowitz for their work that was ""crucial for understanding how G protein–coupled receptors function."". There have been at least seven other Nobel Prizes awarded for some aspect of G protein–mediated signaling.There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein–coupled receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). The GPCR can then activate an associated G protein by exchanging its bound GDP for a GTP. The G protein's α subunit, together with the bound GTP, can then dissociate from the β and γ subunits to further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly depending on the α subunit type (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13).