Aquaporin-Mediated Fluid Regulation in the Inner Ear
... the basolateral membrane. K+ ions are then discussed to be swiftly recycled into the endolymph compartment through the marginal cells of the stria vascularis involving a gap junction network (Kikuchi et al., 2000). Hereditary mutations in gap junction proteins (connexin 26) unavoidably result in dea ...
... the basolateral membrane. K+ ions are then discussed to be swiftly recycled into the endolymph compartment through the marginal cells of the stria vascularis involving a gap junction network (Kikuchi et al., 2000). Hereditary mutations in gap junction proteins (connexin 26) unavoidably result in dea ...
Pressure effects on lipids and bio
... chains are now fixed in specific lattice positions in an almost all-trans conformation, and dynamic high-pressure experiments have been used to probe the mechanism of fluid–gel phase transitions (Cheng & Caffrey, 1996). However, even pressure changes that are too small to induce gelling of a fluid b ...
... chains are now fixed in specific lattice positions in an almost all-trans conformation, and dynamic high-pressure experiments have been used to probe the mechanism of fluid–gel phase transitions (Cheng & Caffrey, 1996). However, even pressure changes that are too small to induce gelling of a fluid b ...
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... within primordial membranes, which were permeable for both H+ and Na+ but not for RNA or protein [53]. The ancient translocase could have used a ring of small membrane subunits to form a membrane channel and could employ Na+ ions to crosslink and stabilize them (as in Ilyobacter tartaricus [64], see ...
... within primordial membranes, which were permeable for both H+ and Na+ but not for RNA or protein [53]. The ancient translocase could have used a ring of small membrane subunits to form a membrane channel and could employ Na+ ions to crosslink and stabilize them (as in Ilyobacter tartaricus [64], see ...
Cannabinoid Signaling and Lipid Rafts
... synthesis is influenced by lipid rafts. The plasma membrane is a highly disordered phospholipid by-layer that consists of compartmentalized microdomains. These microdomains that are enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids, and arachidonic acid are referred to as lipid rafts. Rafts can be conceived as ...
... synthesis is influenced by lipid rafts. The plasma membrane is a highly disordered phospholipid by-layer that consists of compartmentalized microdomains. These microdomains that are enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids, and arachidonic acid are referred to as lipid rafts. Rafts can be conceived as ...
Liposome - PharmaStreet
... Lipo – fat or lipid and some-body Liposomes are simple micro particulate drug carrier consisting of one or more concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer mainly composed of natural or synthetic phospholipids. When Phospholipid come ...
... Lipo – fat or lipid and some-body Liposomes are simple micro particulate drug carrier consisting of one or more concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer mainly composed of natural or synthetic phospholipids. When Phospholipid come ...
1S,3R-ACPD Induces a Region of Negative Slope Conductance in
... potential by 10–20 mV responded with delayed outwardly rectifying currents due to activation of voltage- and Ca2/-dependent K/ conductances. In contrast, in the continuous presence of 1S,3RACPD, small depolarizations (10–20 mV) induced a delayed inward current. The steady-state current-voltage relat ...
... potential by 10–20 mV responded with delayed outwardly rectifying currents due to activation of voltage- and Ca2/-dependent K/ conductances. In contrast, in the continuous presence of 1S,3RACPD, small depolarizations (10–20 mV) induced a delayed inward current. The steady-state current-voltage relat ...
Assessment of antimicrobial compounds by microscopy techniques
... Fluorescent and electronic microscopies work with samples prepared in solution. In contrast, AFM needs the sample to be attached to a regular surface as mica or glass. Basically, two methods can be used to construct supported lipid bilayers (SLB): the Langmuir –Blodgett and the fusion of lipid vesic ...
... Fluorescent and electronic microscopies work with samples prepared in solution. In contrast, AFM needs the sample to be attached to a regular surface as mica or glass. Basically, two methods can be used to construct supported lipid bilayers (SLB): the Langmuir –Blodgett and the fusion of lipid vesic ...
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... injected with GFP cDNA (Couve et al., 1998). This lack of functional inhibition of Ca 2⫹ currents in SCG is in agreement with the endoplasmic reticulum retention of GABABR1 after homomeric expression in neurons. In neurons injected with cDNAs for GABABR1a and GABABR2, bath application of 50 M baclo ...
... injected with GFP cDNA (Couve et al., 1998). This lack of functional inhibition of Ca 2⫹ currents in SCG is in agreement with the endoplasmic reticulum retention of GABABR1 after homomeric expression in neurons. In neurons injected with cDNAs for GABABR1a and GABABR2, bath application of 50 M baclo ...
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... channels are those of Escherichia coli, which are involved in cell turgor regulation. The primary role of this channel is osmoregulation or osmoprotection of bacterial cells (30, 249, 353). These mechanically gated channels can directly sense mechanical stretch on the membrane during severe osmotic ...
... channels are those of Escherichia coli, which are involved in cell turgor regulation. The primary role of this channel is osmoregulation or osmoprotection of bacterial cells (30, 249, 353). These mechanically gated channels can directly sense mechanical stretch on the membrane during severe osmotic ...
The advantages of being small Stockholm University
... Mycoplasmas are known to have the ability to fuse with, invade the cell or live in close contact with the host cell, being obligate parasites (Baseman et al., 1995; Dimitrov et al., 1993). They are able to incorporate essential components such as fatty acids and amino acids from the host cell to sav ...
... Mycoplasmas are known to have the ability to fuse with, invade the cell or live in close contact with the host cell, being obligate parasites (Baseman et al., 1995; Dimitrov et al., 1993). They are able to incorporate essential components such as fatty acids and amino acids from the host cell to sav ...
Activation of Heat-Shock Factor by Stretch-Activated
... Stretch–Induced Activation of HSF We perfused hearts in the Langendorff mode with gadolinium, an SAC blocker. As shown in Figure 4 (C and D lanes) and Figure 5 (B and C lanes), gadolinium 10 and 50 mol/L markedly decreased HSF activation. Densitometric measurement of the GMSA showed a 45% and a 50% ...
... Stretch–Induced Activation of HSF We perfused hearts in the Langendorff mode with gadolinium, an SAC blocker. As shown in Figure 4 (C and D lanes) and Figure 5 (B and C lanes), gadolinium 10 and 50 mol/L markedly decreased HSF activation. Densitometric measurement of the GMSA showed a 45% and a 50% ...
Muscle contraction
... – Muscles that are very fatigue resistant (i.e. those of a marathon runner) need large amounts of mitochondria to supply ATP. – There are overlaps between these classes of muscle. Sprinters also need to produce high levels of force and thus also probably have high levels of actin and myosin. – Howev ...
... – Muscles that are very fatigue resistant (i.e. those of a marathon runner) need large amounts of mitochondria to supply ATP. – There are overlaps between these classes of muscle. Sprinters also need to produce high levels of force and thus also probably have high levels of actin and myosin. – Howev ...
Article
... Neuronal voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are involved in electrical signalling and in converting these signals into cytoplasmic calcium changes. One important function of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is generating regenerative dendritic Ca2+ spikes. However, the Ca2+ dependent mechanisms used to create t ...
... Neuronal voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are involved in electrical signalling and in converting these signals into cytoplasmic calcium changes. One important function of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is generating regenerative dendritic Ca2+ spikes. However, the Ca2+ dependent mechanisms used to create t ...
Bioelectricity Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential The postsynaptic cell
... IF the transmembrane potential were reset at -85mV by an IPSP, however the same stimulus would depolarize it only -75 mV which is below threshold. ...
... IF the transmembrane potential were reset at -85mV by an IPSP, however the same stimulus would depolarize it only -75 mV which is below threshold. ...
Protein transport across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae and E. coli and have only moderate translocation defects [32–34]. However, the crystal structures of these mutants show that new plugs are formed from neighboring polypeptide segments [34]. The new plugs still seal the closed channel, but they have lost many interactions tha ...
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae and E. coli and have only moderate translocation defects [32–34]. However, the crystal structures of these mutants show that new plugs are formed from neighboring polypeptide segments [34]. The new plugs still seal the closed channel, but they have lost many interactions tha ...
Single-channel electrophysiology reveals a distinct and uniform
... number of open pores being present, whereas the inter-experimental variation in the number of conductance levels observed would be difficult to accommodate in a model based on different conductance level of one individual pore. Thus, these results could best be explained by the presence of either 0– ...
... number of open pores being present, whereas the inter-experimental variation in the number of conductance levels observed would be difficult to accommodate in a model based on different conductance level of one individual pore. Thus, these results could best be explained by the presence of either 0– ...
Monte Carlo simulations of peptide–membrane interactions with the
... the user is taken as the initial conformation. For simulations in the aqueous phase (i.e. without the membrane), the initial structure is used as it is. The simulations are carried out in three to five independent runs of 500 000–900 000 MC cycles each; the recommended number and length of the runs a ...
... the user is taken as the initial conformation. For simulations in the aqueous phase (i.e. without the membrane), the initial structure is used as it is. The simulations are carried out in three to five independent runs of 500 000–900 000 MC cycles each; the recommended number and length of the runs a ...
The early evolution of lipid membranes and the three domains of life
... that specifically exploits transmembrane ion gradients29,33, and integral membrane proteins (for example, hydrogenases and dioxygen reductases) that are involved in respiratory chains34–37 — and also proteins of the secretion and membrane-targeting machineries, such as the signal recognition particl ...
... that specifically exploits transmembrane ion gradients29,33, and integral membrane proteins (for example, hydrogenases and dioxygen reductases) that are involved in respiratory chains34–37 — and also proteins of the secretion and membrane-targeting machineries, such as the signal recognition particl ...
K transport in plants: Physiology and molecular biology Mark W. Szczerba
... isolated from a cDNA library derived from K+deprived wheat (Triticum aestivum). HKT1 showed sequence similarity with other TRK-type K+ transporters (i.e., from yeast), and functionally complemented yeast deficient in K+ uptake (Schachtman and Schroeder, 1994). However, K+ transport via HKT varies wit ...
... isolated from a cDNA library derived from K+deprived wheat (Triticum aestivum). HKT1 showed sequence similarity with other TRK-type K+ transporters (i.e., from yeast), and functionally complemented yeast deficient in K+ uptake (Schachtman and Schroeder, 1994). However, K+ transport via HKT varies wit ...
Lipid–protein interactions probed by electron crystallography
... at the threefold axis of the bR trimer (Figure 1C,D). A deep hydrophobic crevice is formed in between two bR monomers on the cytoplasmic side of the protein. A single PM lipid (three in total for the trimer) inserts one of its two acyl chains into this crevice to mediate interfacial ahelical packing ...
... at the threefold axis of the bR trimer (Figure 1C,D). A deep hydrophobic crevice is formed in between two bR monomers on the cytoplasmic side of the protein. A single PM lipid (three in total for the trimer) inserts one of its two acyl chains into this crevice to mediate interfacial ahelical packing ...
Genetic Models of Mechanotransduction: The
... same basic principles that dictate the function of mechanosensitive molecules and structures in all organisms. 1. Mechanically gated ion channels in bacteria The best-characterized bacterial mechanosensitive channels are those of Escherichia coli, which are involved in cell turgor regulation. The pr ...
... same basic principles that dictate the function of mechanosensitive molecules and structures in all organisms. 1. Mechanically gated ion channels in bacteria The best-characterized bacterial mechanosensitive channels are those of Escherichia coli, which are involved in cell turgor regulation. The pr ...
Interaction of Bacterial Populations in Coupled Microchambers
... studying interacting bacterial populations is presented in this work. Bacterial cultures were grown in a device within distinct microchambers and channels that are separated by porous membranes. This membrane acts as a physical boundary for the populations in each chamber, nevertheless it enables ch ...
... studying interacting bacterial populations is presented in this work. Bacterial cultures were grown in a device within distinct microchambers and channels that are separated by porous membranes. This membrane acts as a physical boundary for the populations in each chamber, nevertheless it enables ch ...
Endoplasmic reticulum potassium–hydrogen exchanger and small
... potassium–hydrogen exchanger (KHE) such as that identified in the mitochondrial inner membrane (Froschauer et al., 2005; McQuibban et al., 2010; Nowikovsky et al., 2004). To our knowledge, these exchangers have not been identified in the ER membrane; however, one of the isoforms has a signal peptide ...
... potassium–hydrogen exchanger (KHE) such as that identified in the mitochondrial inner membrane (Froschauer et al., 2005; McQuibban et al., 2010; Nowikovsky et al., 2004). To our knowledge, these exchangers have not been identified in the ER membrane; however, one of the isoforms has a signal peptide ...
Transcription- and translation-dependent changes in membrane
... specific lipid preferences (Dancey and Shapiro, 1977; Ksenzenko and Brusilow, 1993; Karlsson et al., 1997). Thus, high-level expression of a gene encoding a membrane protein may result in the formation of a compact region (domain) in the membrane, which is highly enriched by this protein and its pre ...
... specific lipid preferences (Dancey and Shapiro, 1977; Ksenzenko and Brusilow, 1993; Karlsson et al., 1997). Thus, high-level expression of a gene encoding a membrane protein may result in the formation of a compact region (domain) in the membrane, which is highly enriched by this protein and its pre ...
29.9 Tanaka
... biological and artificial materials. They can be placed either directly on solids or on ultrathin polymer supports that mimic the generic role of the extracellular matrix. The tools of modern genetic engineering and bioorganic chemistry make it possible to couple many types of biomolecule to support ...
... biological and artificial materials. They can be placed either directly on solids or on ultrathin polymer supports that mimic the generic role of the extracellular matrix. The tools of modern genetic engineering and bioorganic chemistry make it possible to couple many types of biomolecule to support ...
Mechanosensitive channels
Mechanosensitive channels or mechanosensitive ion channels are membrane proteins capable of responding to mechanical stress over a wide dynamic range of external mechanical stimuli. They are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The channels vary in selectivity for the permeating ions from nonselective between anions and cations in bacteria, to cation selective allowing passage Ca2+, K+ and Na+ in eukaryotes, and highly selective K+ channels in bacteria and eukaryotes.All organisms, and apparently all cell types, sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. MSCs function as mechanotransducers capable of generating both electrical and ion flux signals as a response to external or internal stimuli. Under extreme turgor in bacteria, non selective MSCs such as MSCL and MSCS serve as safety valves to prevent lysis. In specialized cells of the higher organisms, other types of MSCs are probably the basis of the senses of hearing and touch and sense the stress needed for muscular coordination. However, none of these channels have been cloned. MSCs also allow plants to distinguish up from down by sensing the force of gravity. MSCs are not pressure-sensitive, but sensitive to local stress, most likely tension in the surrounding lipid bilayer.