Stitching proteins into membranes, not sew simple
... where its first TM domain initially inserts with its N-terminus in the ER lumen, at short nascent chain lengths, before reversing to its final N-cytoplasmic/C-lumenal orientation as the nascent chain elongates (Devaraneni et al., 2011). These findings corroborate initial observations of model SS fli ...
... where its first TM domain initially inserts with its N-terminus in the ER lumen, at short nascent chain lengths, before reversing to its final N-cytoplasmic/C-lumenal orientation as the nascent chain elongates (Devaraneni et al., 2011). These findings corroborate initial observations of model SS fli ...
Lipid II: A central component in bacterial cell wall synthesis and a
... bacterial system. Transmembrane-helices-catalyzed lipid flip-flop was found to be blocked by cholesterol [19], which provided an explanation for the lack of fast transmembrane transport of lipids in eukaryotic plasma membranes [20]. The high turnover numbers within the Lipid II cycle implicate that Li ...
... bacterial system. Transmembrane-helices-catalyzed lipid flip-flop was found to be blocked by cholesterol [19], which provided an explanation for the lack of fast transmembrane transport of lipids in eukaryotic plasma membranes [20]. The high turnover numbers within the Lipid II cycle implicate that Li ...
pdf
... has no detectable role in egg laying. Our results identify a specific set of heteromeric TRPV channels that redundantly regulate neuroendocrine function and show that a subunit combination that functions in sensory neurons is also present in neuroendocrine cells but has no detectable function in the ...
... has no detectable role in egg laying. Our results identify a specific set of heteromeric TRPV channels that redundantly regulate neuroendocrine function and show that a subunit combination that functions in sensory neurons is also present in neuroendocrine cells but has no detectable function in the ...
Physical properties of lipid bilayer membranes: relevance to
... stages of biological evolution when oxygen was not present in the Earth’s atmosphere, in contrast to Eucaryota, do not contain cholesterol in their membranes. Instead, they contain carotenoids or other terpenoids [25]. It is already accepted that cholesterol is a major membrane compound which regula ...
... stages of biological evolution when oxygen was not present in the Earth’s atmosphere, in contrast to Eucaryota, do not contain cholesterol in their membranes. Instead, they contain carotenoids or other terpenoids [25]. It is already accepted that cholesterol is a major membrane compound which regula ...
Detection of aneuploidy in a single cell using the Ion ReproSeq PGS
... represent a class of variation in which segments of the genome have been duplicated (gains) or deleted (losses). Large, genomic copy number imbalances can range from subchromosomal regions to entire chromosomes. Inherited and de novo CNVs (up to 10 Mb) have been associated with many disease ...
... represent a class of variation in which segments of the genome have been duplicated (gains) or deleted (losses). Large, genomic copy number imbalances can range from subchromosomal regions to entire chromosomes. Inherited and de novo CNVs (up to 10 Mb) have been associated with many disease ...
Presynaptic mechanisms: neurotransmitter release, synaptic vesicle
... an unknown mechanism in which nSec1 and Munc13, two syntaxin-binding proteins, could participate. This step could lead to the formation of a complex between a synaptic vesicle SNARE (synaptobrevin) and SNAP-25, a plasma membrane target SNARE. Formation of loose SNARE complexes between synaptobrevin, ...
... an unknown mechanism in which nSec1 and Munc13, two syntaxin-binding proteins, could participate. This step could lead to the formation of a complex between a synaptic vesicle SNARE (synaptobrevin) and SNAP-25, a plasma membrane target SNARE. Formation of loose SNARE complexes between synaptobrevin, ...
A 29 kDa Intracellular Chloride Channel p64H1 Is Associated with
... The first cloned intracellular chloride channel, p64, originally was purified from bovine kidney microsomes (Landry et al., 1993). Antibodies to p64 can eliminate chloride conductance on these microsomes (Redhead et al., 1992). Outwardly rectifying anion channel activity was recorded in a reconstitu ...
... The first cloned intracellular chloride channel, p64, originally was purified from bovine kidney microsomes (Landry et al., 1993). Antibodies to p64 can eliminate chloride conductance on these microsomes (Redhead et al., 1992). Outwardly rectifying anion channel activity was recorded in a reconstitu ...
Cytoplasmic Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids Inhibit ATP
... As every patch contained multiple openings, a maximum likelihood algorithm was used to determine single channel kinetic parameters from idealized patch clamp data (Qin et al., 1996). This well-described method can be used on data containing multiple channel openings and estimates all transition rate ...
... As every patch contained multiple openings, a maximum likelihood algorithm was used to determine single channel kinetic parameters from idealized patch clamp data (Qin et al., 1996). This well-described method can be used on data containing multiple channel openings and estimates all transition rate ...
The role of lipids in the biogenesis of integral membrane
... membranes is their complexity, as these membranes are typically composed of lipids with many different types of headgroups and acyl chains (Dowhan 1997; Epand 1998). This lipid diversity is likely to be important to ensure the dynamic functioning of membranes under changing environmental conditions, ...
... membranes is their complexity, as these membranes are typically composed of lipids with many different types of headgroups and acyl chains (Dowhan 1997; Epand 1998). This lipid diversity is likely to be important to ensure the dynamic functioning of membranes under changing environmental conditions, ...
Modulation of Calcium Channel Function in Nerve Cell Membrane
... channels from "wash-out"; the activity of this factor (m.w. 20—30 kD) could be abolished by the application of trypsin or by heating (Kameyama et al. 1988). It is quite possible that different types of neurons differ in their mechanism and degree of cAMP-dependent control of calcium channels. There ...
... channels from "wash-out"; the activity of this factor (m.w. 20—30 kD) could be abolished by the application of trypsin or by heating (Kameyama et al. 1988). It is quite possible that different types of neurons differ in their mechanism and degree of cAMP-dependent control of calcium channels. There ...
Molecular Structure and Physiological Function of Chloride Channels
... nomenclature of protein regions throughout this review. Some CLC proteins associate with crucial -subunits, as recently shown (147) for ClC-K channels that need barttin (47) for functional expression. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has 12 transmembrane domains, two n ...
... nomenclature of protein regions throughout this review. Some CLC proteins associate with crucial -subunits, as recently shown (147) for ClC-K channels that need barttin (47) for functional expression. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has 12 transmembrane domains, two n ...
Protein Synthesis and Quality Control at the Endoplasmic Reticulum
... proteins into the mitochondrial matrix or inner membrane must occur without compromising its permeability barrier and allowing significant numbers of ions to travel through the bilayer and dissipate that potential difference. Similarly, ion gradients are maintained in bacteria across the plasma memb ...
... proteins into the mitochondrial matrix or inner membrane must occur without compromising its permeability barrier and allowing significant numbers of ions to travel through the bilayer and dissipate that potential difference. Similarly, ion gradients are maintained in bacteria across the plasma memb ...
Cellular lipidomics
... even within the lateral plane of the membrane. To incorporate function, cellular lipidomics must not only determine which lipids are present but also the concentration of each lipid at each specific intracellular location in time and the lipid’s interaction partners. Moreover, cellular lipidomics mus ...
... even within the lateral plane of the membrane. To incorporate function, cellular lipidomics must not only determine which lipids are present but also the concentration of each lipid at each specific intracellular location in time and the lipid’s interaction partners. Moreover, cellular lipidomics mus ...
as PDF
... aggregation of 5- to 8-mers to form pore-like structures on the membranes (Durell et al., 1994). Jang et al. established a model for amyloid channels on membranes and observed the pentameric AβP forms pores (Jang et al, 2009). Strodel et al. proposed a model of AβP(1–42) pores which consist of tetra ...
... aggregation of 5- to 8-mers to form pore-like structures on the membranes (Durell et al., 1994). Jang et al. established a model for amyloid channels on membranes and observed the pentameric AβP forms pores (Jang et al, 2009). Strodel et al. proposed a model of AβP(1–42) pores which consist of tetra ...
The Evolution of Membranes - University of Guelph Physics
... 1. Introduction: optimization of physical properties via evolutionary processes Membranes play a crucial physical role in cells, defining as they do the boundary between the inside and outside of cells or organelles of cells. For this reason it is obviously appropriate to examine the evolution of m ...
... 1. Introduction: optimization of physical properties via evolutionary processes Membranes play a crucial physical role in cells, defining as they do the boundary between the inside and outside of cells or organelles of cells. For this reason it is obviously appropriate to examine the evolution of m ...
Membrane trafficking and polar growth in root hairs and pollen tubes
... form in which the cell elongates unidirectionally and only at the very tip. This extreme form of polarized growth, or tip-growth, sustains prodigious rates of elongation: Root hairs grow at rates of 10–40 nm sÿ1 (Galway et al., 1997; Wymer et al., 1997), comparable to that of animal neuron growth co ...
... form in which the cell elongates unidirectionally and only at the very tip. This extreme form of polarized growth, or tip-growth, sustains prodigious rates of elongation: Root hairs grow at rates of 10–40 nm sÿ1 (Galway et al., 1997; Wymer et al., 1997), comparable to that of animal neuron growth co ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum–Plasma Membrane - e-learning
... performing functions specific to that particular contact (Helle et al. 2013). Although attractive, this simplistic view may not be so real because very few proteins can be placed exclusively into only one of the two categories. In particular, no proteins have been found that merely tether, with no o ...
... performing functions specific to that particular contact (Helle et al. 2013). Although attractive, this simplistic view may not be so real because very few proteins can be placed exclusively into only one of the two categories. In particular, no proteins have been found that merely tether, with no o ...
Taste
... Many central gustatory neurons exhibit a strong response to a specific tastant but are also able to respond to other tastants. Imaging studies of the gustatory cortex show that different tastes (salty, sour, sweet and bitter) are ...
... Many central gustatory neurons exhibit a strong response to a specific tastant but are also able to respond to other tastants. Imaging studies of the gustatory cortex show that different tastes (salty, sour, sweet and bitter) are ...
Anion-Channel Blockers Inhibit S-Type Anion
... strongly and continuously depolarize the membrane potential, thus creating a gradient for K+ efflux through outward-rectifying K+ channels (Schroeder et al., 1987; Blatt, 1990). Anion efflux resulting from the opening of anion channels in the plasma membrane of guard cells provides a mechanism that ...
... strongly and continuously depolarize the membrane potential, thus creating a gradient for K+ efflux through outward-rectifying K+ channels (Schroeder et al., 1987; Blatt, 1990). Anion efflux resulting from the opening of anion channels in the plasma membrane of guard cells provides a mechanism that ...
Transmembrane Fragment Structures of Amyloid Precursor Protein
... JM domain of C9915−55 (residues Q15-N27) is localized at the membrane interface, which allows the central hydrophobic residues V17FFA20 to insert into the headgroup region. In contrast, in the DPC micelle the residues of the JM domain are significantly more accessible to water. In both the bilayer an ...
... JM domain of C9915−55 (residues Q15-N27) is localized at the membrane interface, which allows the central hydrophobic residues V17FFA20 to insert into the headgroup region. In contrast, in the DPC micelle the residues of the JM domain are significantly more accessible to water. In both the bilayer an ...
Zn2 Slows Down CaV3.3 Gating Kinetics: Implications for
... the threshold for channel opening, current inactivation was significantly slowed down while current activation was moderately affected. In addition, Zn2⫹ slowed down channel deactivation but channel recovery from inactivation was only modestly changed. Zn2⫹ also decreased whole cell Ca2⫹ permeabilit ...
... the threshold for channel opening, current inactivation was significantly slowed down while current activation was moderately affected. In addition, Zn2⫹ slowed down channel deactivation but channel recovery from inactivation was only modestly changed. Zn2⫹ also decreased whole cell Ca2⫹ permeabilit ...
Lipid peroxidation modifies the assembly of biological membranes
... of the oxPL classes adopt a particular conformation. Lipid peroxidation is achieved by addition of numerous polar molecules on fatty acid chains (Catala, 2009). Consequently, when cell membranes undergo oxidation, if not adapted by the action of phospholipases, they may “produce whiskers” including ...
... of the oxPL classes adopt a particular conformation. Lipid peroxidation is achieved by addition of numerous polar molecules on fatty acid chains (Catala, 2009). Consequently, when cell membranes undergo oxidation, if not adapted by the action of phospholipases, they may “produce whiskers” including ...
A Genetically Encoded Optical Neurotechnique Probe of Membrane
... in which Shaker retains normal conformational rearrangements, the fluorescence of GFP is correlated with these rearrangements, and the protein does not interfere with the physiology of the cells in which it is expressed. We were concerned that Shaker–GFP proteins could disrupt the physiology of the ...
... in which Shaker retains normal conformational rearrangements, the fluorescence of GFP is correlated with these rearrangements, and the protein does not interfere with the physiology of the cells in which it is expressed. We were concerned that Shaker–GFP proteins could disrupt the physiology of the ...
ref. #29 of the TIBS article
... given reference residue at the end of the transmembrane helix (the first Gln after the poly-Leu stretch) and the glycosylation acceptor Asn needed to achieve half-maximal glycosylation (see Figure 2B). We have shown previously that the P2 domain in mutants where the acceptor Asn is too close to the ...
... given reference residue at the end of the transmembrane helix (the first Gln after the poly-Leu stretch) and the glycosylation acceptor Asn needed to achieve half-maximal glycosylation (see Figure 2B). We have shown previously that the P2 domain in mutants where the acceptor Asn is too close to the ...
Movement of Ions and Electrogenesis in Microorganisms
... broader range of environments than is generally possible for animal cells, since they can counter severe osmotic forces with hydrostatic pressure. In animal cells, which appear to be in osmotic equilibrium with the environment, the process of extruding sodium ions is addressed mainly to the task of ...
... broader range of environments than is generally possible for animal cells, since they can counter severe osmotic forces with hydrostatic pressure. In animal cells, which appear to be in osmotic equilibrium with the environment, the process of extruding sodium ions is addressed mainly to the task of ...
Mechanosensitive channels
Mechanosensitive channels or mechanosensitive ion channels are membrane proteins capable of responding to mechanical stress over a wide dynamic range of external mechanical stimuli. They are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The channels vary in selectivity for the permeating ions from nonselective between anions and cations in bacteria, to cation selective allowing passage Ca2+, K+ and Na+ in eukaryotes, and highly selective K+ channels in bacteria and eukaryotes.All organisms, and apparently all cell types, sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. MSCs function as mechanotransducers capable of generating both electrical and ion flux signals as a response to external or internal stimuli. Under extreme turgor in bacteria, non selective MSCs such as MSCL and MSCS serve as safety valves to prevent lysis. In specialized cells of the higher organisms, other types of MSCs are probably the basis of the senses of hearing and touch and sense the stress needed for muscular coordination. However, none of these channels have been cloned. MSCs also allow plants to distinguish up from down by sensing the force of gravity. MSCs are not pressure-sensitive, but sensitive to local stress, most likely tension in the surrounding lipid bilayer.