The essential role of anionic transport in plant cells
... characteristics. Anionic currents are usually analysed by voltage–clamp techniques, and the channels are characterized on the basis of their ionic selectivity, conductance, dependence of gating on membrane potential, and the kinetics of their opening and closing states. Anion currents that are indis ...
... characteristics. Anionic currents are usually analysed by voltage–clamp techniques, and the channels are characterized on the basis of their ionic selectivity, conductance, dependence of gating on membrane potential, and the kinetics of their opening and closing states. Anion currents that are indis ...
The Role of Lipid Domains in Bacterial Cell Processes
... selection in the two systems to be brought closer together. A longitudinal concentration gradient of MinCD, a cell division inhibition complex, can be built up either by oscillation of these proteins on lipid helices or by preferential attraction to the poles along an anionic helical track. In both ...
... selection in the two systems to be brought closer together. A longitudinal concentration gradient of MinCD, a cell division inhibition complex, can be built up either by oscillation of these proteins on lipid helices or by preferential attraction to the poles along an anionic helical track. In both ...
Bio1A - Lec 6 slides File
... Animal Cells • Animal cells lack cell walls but are covered by an elaborate extracellular matrix (ECM) • made of glycoproteins such as collagen (fibrous), proteoglycans, and fibronectin • ECM proteins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane called integrins Cells are not just floating aroun ...
... Animal Cells • Animal cells lack cell walls but are covered by an elaborate extracellular matrix (ECM) • made of glycoproteins such as collagen (fibrous), proteoglycans, and fibronectin • ECM proteins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane called integrins Cells are not just floating aroun ...
Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes
... Na/Ca exchanger mechanism is essential in myocardial intracellular Ca regulation Na/Ca exchange is the main means by which Ca (entering the cell via L-type Ca channels) is extruded from the cell, during both relaxation & diastole. By comparison the sarcolemmal Ca-pump (SLCP) seems relatively unimpor ...
... Na/Ca exchanger mechanism is essential in myocardial intracellular Ca regulation Na/Ca exchange is the main means by which Ca (entering the cell via L-type Ca channels) is extruded from the cell, during both relaxation & diastole. By comparison the sarcolemmal Ca-pump (SLCP) seems relatively unimpor ...
06 Physiology of synapses
... 2. Ca++ influx into presynaptic term. 3. Ca++ acts as intracellular messenger stimulating synaptic vesicles to fuse with membrane and release NT via exocytosis. 4. Ca++ removed from synaptic knob by mitochondria or calcium-pumps. 5. NT diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor on postsyna ...
... 2. Ca++ influx into presynaptic term. 3. Ca++ acts as intracellular messenger stimulating synaptic vesicles to fuse with membrane and release NT via exocytosis. 4. Ca++ removed from synaptic knob by mitochondria or calcium-pumps. 5. NT diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor on postsyna ...
02 Physiology of synapses, interneuronal connections
... 2. Ca++ influx into presynaptic term. 3. Ca++ acts as intracellular messenger stimulating synaptic vesicles to fuse with membrane and release NT via exocytosis. 4. Ca++ removed from synaptic knob by mitochondria or calcium-pumps. 5. NT diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor on postsyna ...
... 2. Ca++ influx into presynaptic term. 3. Ca++ acts as intracellular messenger stimulating synaptic vesicles to fuse with membrane and release NT via exocytosis. 4. Ca++ removed from synaptic knob by mitochondria or calcium-pumps. 5. NT diffuses across synaptic cleft and binds to receptor on postsyna ...
Chloride Channels Regulate HIT Cell Volume but Cannot
... Electrophysiology and solutions. HIT cells were placed in a recording chamber affixed to the stage of an inverted microscope (IMT-2 or IX50; Olympus, Tokyo). The whole-cell patch-clamp technique (29) was used to measure Cl⫺ current, as previously described (5). Cells were voltage-clamped to ⫺65 mV. ...
... Electrophysiology and solutions. HIT cells were placed in a recording chamber affixed to the stage of an inverted microscope (IMT-2 or IX50; Olympus, Tokyo). The whole-cell patch-clamp technique (29) was used to measure Cl⫺ current, as previously described (5). Cells were voltage-clamped to ⫺65 mV. ...
Partitioning of nutrient transport processes in roots
... 20 pS, respectively, when measured with 10 mM Kq on each side of the membrane. The properties of the 5 pS channel are consistent with it being the dominant pathway for Kq uptake at mM external concentrations of Kq and its activity increases following Kq starvation (Maathuis and Sanders, 1995). Simil ...
... 20 pS, respectively, when measured with 10 mM Kq on each side of the membrane. The properties of the 5 pS channel are consistent with it being the dominant pathway for Kq uptake at mM external concentrations of Kq and its activity increases following Kq starvation (Maathuis and Sanders, 1995). Simil ...
A new look at sodium channel b subunits
... the cell interior is negative relative to the exterior). The negative resting membrane potential is largely set by the greater membrane permeability of potassium ions compared with that of sodium ions. This occurs in the presence of a high intracellular potassium ion concentration relative to the ex ...
... the cell interior is negative relative to the exterior). The negative resting membrane potential is largely set by the greater membrane permeability of potassium ions compared with that of sodium ions. This occurs in the presence of a high intracellular potassium ion concentration relative to the ex ...
C2006/F2402 `07
... B-2. If you isolate vesicles that have budded off from endosomes and carry ENaC, the vesicles could also contain ____________________________________________________________. (Same choices). Pick one or more choices for each part, and explain briefly in a sentence or two. C. In people with the genet ...
... B-2. If you isolate vesicles that have budded off from endosomes and carry ENaC, the vesicles could also contain ____________________________________________________________. (Same choices). Pick one or more choices for each part, and explain briefly in a sentence or two. C. In people with the genet ...
07_Lecture_Presentation
... separates the living cell from its surroundings The plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability, allowing some substances to cross it more easily than others ...
... separates the living cell from its surroundings The plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability, allowing some substances to cross it more easily than others ...
The Sec61p Complex Mediates the Integration of a Membrane
... or TM sequence is inserted into the channel (for review, see Matlack et al., 1998). In the case of a signal sequence, the hydrophobic segment binds in an NcytClum (cyt, cytosol; lum, lumenal) orientation to a specific site at the interface between the channel and lipid formed by both the Sec61p comp ...
... or TM sequence is inserted into the channel (for review, see Matlack et al., 1998). In the case of a signal sequence, the hydrophobic segment binds in an NcytClum (cyt, cytosol; lum, lumenal) orientation to a specific site at the interface between the channel and lipid formed by both the Sec61p comp ...
Active dendrites, potassium channels and synaptic plasticity
... Strong support for the importance of back-propagating APs and LTP induction was provided by a technically challenging set of experiments carried out by Jeff Magee (Magee & Johnston 1997). Dendritic recordings were made during synaptic stimulation alone, and when EPSPs were paired with b-APs. When th ...
... Strong support for the importance of back-propagating APs and LTP induction was provided by a technically challenging set of experiments carried out by Jeff Magee (Magee & Johnston 1997). Dendritic recordings were made during synaptic stimulation alone, and when EPSPs were paired with b-APs. When th ...
(A) dTRPA1
... life threatening compounds. In vertebrates, the trigeminal nerve is an important anatomical site of chemical nociception, and the nerve directly responds to a variety of chemical compounds. A molecular target for many of these trigeminal stimulants is the TRPA1 channel. Drosophila possess multiple m ...
... life threatening compounds. In vertebrates, the trigeminal nerve is an important anatomical site of chemical nociception, and the nerve directly responds to a variety of chemical compounds. A molecular target for many of these trigeminal stimulants is the TRPA1 channel. Drosophila possess multiple m ...
What is the neuron`s resting potential?
... What causes a neuron to produce an action potential? • A neuron produces an action potential or “fires” when it generates and conducts an electrochemical signal. • A given neuron receives electrochemical signals from thousands of adjacent neurons. The terminal buttons of adjacent neurons “synapse” ...
... What causes a neuron to produce an action potential? • A neuron produces an action potential or “fires” when it generates and conducts an electrochemical signal. • A given neuron receives electrochemical signals from thousands of adjacent neurons. The terminal buttons of adjacent neurons “synapse” ...
Identification of a cold receptor reveals a general role for TRP
... menthol-sensitive receptor, CMR1, is a member of the TRP family of excitatory ion channels, and we propose that it functions as a transducer of cold stimuli in the somatosensory system. These findings, together with our previous identification of the heatsensitive channels VR1 and VRL-1, demonstrate ...
... menthol-sensitive receptor, CMR1, is a member of the TRP family of excitatory ion channels, and we propose that it functions as a transducer of cold stimuli in the somatosensory system. These findings, together with our previous identification of the heatsensitive channels VR1 and VRL-1, demonstrate ...
Caveolin-3 and SAP97 form a scaffolding protein complex that
... Submitted 31 March 2004; accepted in final form 31 March 2004 ...
... Submitted 31 March 2004; accepted in final form 31 March 2004 ...
Special Review
... cells and myocytes. Lipid rafts move or “float” as a coherent structural unit within the liquid-disordered lipid bilayer and can also cluster with other rafts to form larger platforms. The basis for differences in fluidity between rafts and the surrounding membrane is the degree of hydrocarbon chain ...
... cells and myocytes. Lipid rafts move or “float” as a coherent structural unit within the liquid-disordered lipid bilayer and can also cluster with other rafts to form larger platforms. The basis for differences in fluidity between rafts and the surrounding membrane is the degree of hydrocarbon chain ...
Abstract - Earth Journals publisher
... nervous systems are regulated by GPCR pathways. These systems are responsible for control of many automatic functions of the body such as blood pressure, heart rate and digestive processes.[3] Molecular structure : GPCRs consist of a single polypeptide chain of upto 1100 residues.Their characteristi ...
... nervous systems are regulated by GPCR pathways. These systems are responsible for control of many automatic functions of the body such as blood pressure, heart rate and digestive processes.[3] Molecular structure : GPCRs consist of a single polypeptide chain of upto 1100 residues.Their characteristi ...
The Dihydropyridine-sensitive Calcium Channel of the Skeletal Muscle
... The /?-subunit has an apparent molecular mass of 55 kDa. The protein is apparently not glycosylated (Takahashi et al. 1987). The /?-subunit contains several specific phosphorylation sites, which are phosphorylated by cAMPkinase (at Ser 182) and other sites may be phosporylated by protein kinase C an ...
... The /?-subunit has an apparent molecular mass of 55 kDa. The protein is apparently not glycosylated (Takahashi et al. 1987). The /?-subunit contains several specific phosphorylation sites, which are phosphorylated by cAMPkinase (at Ser 182) and other sites may be phosporylated by protein kinase C an ...
MS Word Version - Interactive Physiology
... receptor site (light green) on the chemically regulated ion channel (purple) and prevents acetylcholine (light blue) from attaching. But this drug is not broken down by acetylcholinesterase and holds the ion channel open, generating one depolarization after another. The net effect is one muscular co ...
... receptor site (light green) on the chemically regulated ion channel (purple) and prevents acetylcholine (light blue) from attaching. But this drug is not broken down by acetylcholinesterase and holds the ion channel open, generating one depolarization after another. The net effect is one muscular co ...
Osmolarity and Tonic..
... glucose cannot easily enter cells in these circumstances. Water moves out of the cells until the osmolar gradient is abolished. In some situations, a more operational definition of tonicity is used to explain the term: though not incorrect this explanation is less versatile and rigorous than the one ...
... glucose cannot easily enter cells in these circumstances. Water moves out of the cells until the osmolar gradient is abolished. In some situations, a more operational definition of tonicity is used to explain the term: though not incorrect this explanation is less versatile and rigorous than the one ...
The Neuromuscular Junction
... 13. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft and calcium ions are pumped out of the axon terminal. 14. It binds to receptor sites on chemically-regulated ion channels on the motor end plate. 15. The chemically regulated ion channel opens allowing sodium io ...
... 13. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released by exocytosis into the synaptic cleft and calcium ions are pumped out of the axon terminal. 14. It binds to receptor sites on chemically-regulated ion channels on the motor end plate. 15. The chemically regulated ion channel opens allowing sodium io ...
Comparative Analysis of Plant and Animal Calcium Signal
... VDCCs seem to have lost the domains for the ryanodine receptor domain, VDCCb subunit, VDCCc subunit, and kinase binding sites (figs. 1A and 1-A-S), and the amino acid sequences of the pore-forming domain show considerable diversity. These differences suggest the possibility of a difference in calciu ...
... VDCCs seem to have lost the domains for the ryanodine receptor domain, VDCCb subunit, VDCCc subunit, and kinase binding sites (figs. 1A and 1-A-S), and the amino acid sequences of the pore-forming domain show considerable diversity. These differences suggest the possibility of a difference in calciu ...
Membrane Transport Lecture
... Membrane Transport • Key to maintaining homeostasis – Homeostasis does not mean equilibrium! – Recall what happens if ions are allowed to reach equilibrium across the cell membrane – Homeostasis of the internal environment involves movement of materials across the cell membrane (between fluid compa ...
... Membrane Transport • Key to maintaining homeostasis – Homeostasis does not mean equilibrium! – Recall what happens if ions are allowed to reach equilibrium across the cell membrane – Homeostasis of the internal environment involves movement of materials across the cell membrane (between fluid compa ...
Mechanosensitive channels
Mechanosensitive channels or mechanosensitive ion channels are membrane proteins capable of responding to mechanical stress over a wide dynamic range of external mechanical stimuli. They are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The channels vary in selectivity for the permeating ions from nonselective between anions and cations in bacteria, to cation selective allowing passage Ca2+, K+ and Na+ in eukaryotes, and highly selective K+ channels in bacteria and eukaryotes.All organisms, and apparently all cell types, sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. MSCs function as mechanotransducers capable of generating both electrical and ion flux signals as a response to external or internal stimuli. Under extreme turgor in bacteria, non selective MSCs such as MSCL and MSCS serve as safety valves to prevent lysis. In specialized cells of the higher organisms, other types of MSCs are probably the basis of the senses of hearing and touch and sense the stress needed for muscular coordination. However, none of these channels have been cloned. MSCs also allow plants to distinguish up from down by sensing the force of gravity. MSCs are not pressure-sensitive, but sensitive to local stress, most likely tension in the surrounding lipid bilayer.