Lipid-Protein Bio-Nanotubes with Open or Closed Ends
... controlling the cationic lipid /tubulin stoichiometry the LPN can be tailored to have open or closed ends with lipid caps. Because the main governing concepts for this self assembly are general(13, 14) we expect synthetic analogs to follow similar assembly pathways, so that synthetic versions mimick ...
... controlling the cationic lipid /tubulin stoichiometry the LPN can be tailored to have open or closed ends with lipid caps. Because the main governing concepts for this self assembly are general(13, 14) we expect synthetic analogs to follow similar assembly pathways, so that synthetic versions mimick ...
Membrane voltage initiates Ca2 waves and potentiates Ca2
... found that these voltage transitions were associated with pronounced changes in [Ca21]i. Fig. 1A shows a series of spontaneous oscillations in the free-running voltage of one guard cell and the [Ca21]i record determined concurrently from the ratio of Fura2 fluorescence excited at 390 and 340 nm (f39 ...
... found that these voltage transitions were associated with pronounced changes in [Ca21]i. Fig. 1A shows a series of spontaneous oscillations in the free-running voltage of one guard cell and the [Ca21]i record determined concurrently from the ratio of Fura2 fluorescence excited at 390 and 340 nm (f39 ...
The physical basis of active mechanosensitivity by the hair
... [32,33,34] as likely candidates for the adaptation motor. If it were only to set the operating point of the transduction apparatus, adaptation could afford to operate on much slower timescales than the period of acoustic stimuli. Yet, after being pulled open by an excitatory step stimulus, transduc ...
... [32,33,34] as likely candidates for the adaptation motor. If it were only to set the operating point of the transduction apparatus, adaptation could afford to operate on much slower timescales than the period of acoustic stimuli. Yet, after being pulled open by an excitatory step stimulus, transduc ...
Topics Covered MEMBRANE FUNCTION
... Associated with Mechanical Loading/Exercise - exercise-induced hypertrophy includes the assembly of large amounts of new membrane components required to service the new contractile components. - myofiber membranes are more resistant to damage than those in unexercised muscle as evidenced by reduced ...
... Associated with Mechanical Loading/Exercise - exercise-induced hypertrophy includes the assembly of large amounts of new membrane components required to service the new contractile components. - myofiber membranes are more resistant to damage than those in unexercised muscle as evidenced by reduced ...
L9-Student AcidBase
... Protein buffer system •These are found in high concentrations inside cells. Intracellular pH does change when extracellular pH changes. • H+ & HCO3- are not very permeable through the membrane, though CO2 is highly permeable. In the RBCs, hemoglobin is also a buffer. H+ + Hb HHb Of the total buf ...
... Protein buffer system •These are found in high concentrations inside cells. Intracellular pH does change when extracellular pH changes. • H+ & HCO3- are not very permeable through the membrane, though CO2 is highly permeable. In the RBCs, hemoglobin is also a buffer. H+ + Hb HHb Of the total buf ...
Sodium Current Density Correlates with Expression of Specific
... (Auld et al., 1988; Sarao et al., 1991; Yarowsky et al., 1991). More recently, it has been shown that both rat brain type I and type III sodium channel genes are also subject to alternative splicing (Schaller et al., 1992; Gustafson et al., 1993). The optional inclusion of small exons located within ...
... (Auld et al., 1988; Sarao et al., 1991; Yarowsky et al., 1991). More recently, it has been shown that both rat brain type I and type III sodium channel genes are also subject to alternative splicing (Schaller et al., 1992; Gustafson et al., 1993). The optional inclusion of small exons located within ...
Quantification of gap junction selectivity
... discovery, much has been learned about gap junctions in a broad sense, but their functional and regulatory differences are still largely unexplored. Regardless of connexin composition, all gap junctions mediate electrical signaling, and most, as implied by the intercellular diffusion of fluorescent ...
... discovery, much has been learned about gap junctions in a broad sense, but their functional and regulatory differences are still largely unexplored. Regardless of connexin composition, all gap junctions mediate electrical signaling, and most, as implied by the intercellular diffusion of fluorescent ...
Lecture 7 Notes CH.7
... To work properly with active enzymes and appropriate permeability, membranes must be about as fluid as salad oil. o As a membrane solidifies, its permeability changes. o Enzymes in the membrane may become inactive if their activity requires them to move within the membrane. ...
... To work properly with active enzymes and appropriate permeability, membranes must be about as fluid as salad oil. o As a membrane solidifies, its permeability changes. o Enzymes in the membrane may become inactive if their activity requires them to move within the membrane. ...
The structural basis of substrate translocation by the
... of secondary active membrane transporters have been identified [2,3]. The largest family by far is the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) [4–7], with more than 3600 members identified to date [8]. Members of this superfamily are ubiquitous in all three kingdoms of life and have diverse substrate sp ...
... of secondary active membrane transporters have been identified [2,3]. The largest family by far is the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) [4–7], with more than 3600 members identified to date [8]. Members of this superfamily are ubiquitous in all three kingdoms of life and have diverse substrate sp ...
LY-294002-inhibitable PI 3-kinase and regulation of baseline rates
... the phosphorylation of the inositol head group of phosphoinositides at the D-3 position (7), generating lipids involved in receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways and membrane trafficking (39). The catalytic activity of PI 3-kinases can be inhibited both in vitro and in vivo by two structural ...
... the phosphorylation of the inositol head group of phosphoinositides at the D-3 position (7), generating lipids involved in receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways and membrane trafficking (39). The catalytic activity of PI 3-kinases can be inhibited both in vitro and in vivo by two structural ...
Final Draft
... The toxic effects of the widespread boreal Scyphozoa Cyanea capillata (L.) are caused by venomous, basically proteinaceous, compounds (Rice and Powell, 1972). These effects have been investigated in several in vivo and in vitro studies. Lytic, cytotoxic, enzymatic, and cardiotoxic activities have be ...
... The toxic effects of the widespread boreal Scyphozoa Cyanea capillata (L.) are caused by venomous, basically proteinaceous, compounds (Rice and Powell, 1972). These effects have been investigated in several in vivo and in vitro studies. Lytic, cytotoxic, enzymatic, and cardiotoxic activities have be ...
Chapter 5
... Different cell types exhibit different varieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids on their surfaces, which act as cell identity markers. Originally it was believed that because of its fluidity, the plasma membrane was uniform, with lipids and proteins free to diffuse rapidly in the plane of the memb ...
... Different cell types exhibit different varieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids on their surfaces, which act as cell identity markers. Originally it was believed that because of its fluidity, the plasma membrane was uniform, with lipids and proteins free to diffuse rapidly in the plane of the memb ...
Structure of Spin-Coated Lipid Films and Domain Formation in
... membranes as biological model systems, alternative preparation routes would be desirable. Spin-coating15,16 is a common technique for application of thin, uniform coatings to surfaces. The coating is dissolved in a solvent that wets the substrate, and after placing a droplet on the substrate, rotati ...
... membranes as biological model systems, alternative preparation routes would be desirable. Spin-coating15,16 is a common technique for application of thin, uniform coatings to surfaces. The coating is dissolved in a solvent that wets the substrate, and after placing a droplet on the substrate, rotati ...
Chapter 05: Synaptic Transmission
... An index of how far depolarization can spread down a dendrite or an axon Depends on two factors internal resistance (ri) : the resistance to current flowing longitudinally down the dendrite membrane resistance (rm) : the resistance to current flowing across the membrane While ri is relativ ...
... An index of how far depolarization can spread down a dendrite or an axon Depends on two factors internal resistance (ri) : the resistance to current flowing longitudinally down the dendrite membrane resistance (rm) : the resistance to current flowing across the membrane While ri is relativ ...
Role of lipids in the translocation of proteins across membranes
... mutant. The ratio between these lipids is dependent on the type of cation present during growth. Apparently, restoration of growth requires a specific lipid composition in combination with a specific cation. Analysis of the phase behaviour of these lipids in the presence of the corresponding cation ...
... mutant. The ratio between these lipids is dependent on the type of cation present during growth. Apparently, restoration of growth requires a specific lipid composition in combination with a specific cation. Analysis of the phase behaviour of these lipids in the presence of the corresponding cation ...
Functional Roles Of Lipids In membranes - IJS
... ionic interaction with water and therefore are energetically stable in an aqueous environment. The structural organization that a polar lipid assumes in water is determined by its concentration and the law of opposing forces, i.e. hydrophobic forces driving self-association versus steric and ionic ...
... ionic interaction with water and therefore are energetically stable in an aqueous environment. The structural organization that a polar lipid assumes in water is determined by its concentration and the law of opposing forces, i.e. hydrophobic forces driving self-association versus steric and ionic ...
Recent advances in renal tubular calcium reabsorption
... Klotho deficiency is associated with a phenotype resembling aging, it may well be that impaired Klotho activity in the elderly is responsible for reduced Ca2þ reabsorption via TRPV5. Future studies will have to further substantiate this notion. The discovery of the extracellular enzymatic effect of ...
... Klotho deficiency is associated with a phenotype resembling aging, it may well be that impaired Klotho activity in the elderly is responsible for reduced Ca2þ reabsorption via TRPV5. Future studies will have to further substantiate this notion. The discovery of the extracellular enzymatic effect of ...
Biological membranes - Essays in Biochemistry
... through the membrane. Phospholipids can diffuse relatively quickly in the leaflet of the bilayer in which they are located. A phospholipid can travel around the perimeter of a red blood cell in around 12 s, or move the length of a bacterial cell within 1 s. Phospholipids can also spin around on thei ...
... through the membrane. Phospholipids can diffuse relatively quickly in the leaflet of the bilayer in which they are located. A phospholipid can travel around the perimeter of a red blood cell in around 12 s, or move the length of a bacterial cell within 1 s. Phospholipids can also spin around on thei ...
Enhancement of Na Uptake Currents, Time
... In previous studies on wheat root cortex protoplasts from plants grown with regular K⫹ supply (Schachtman et al., 1991; Findlay et al., 1994; Tyerman et al., 1997), IK⫹out were more frequently observed (79%) than IK⫹in (23%). We examined K⫹ currents in wheat roots grown under K⫹ starvation condition ...
... In previous studies on wheat root cortex protoplasts from plants grown with regular K⫹ supply (Schachtman et al., 1991; Findlay et al., 1994; Tyerman et al., 1997), IK⫹out were more frequently observed (79%) than IK⫹in (23%). We examined K⫹ currents in wheat roots grown under K⫹ starvation condition ...
KATP channels and preconditioning - Philipps
... The drugs used for PPC include K+ channel openers (diazoxide, pinacidil and nicorandil), volatile anesthetics (halothane, desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane) [7], various agonists of G protein-coupled receptors (adenosine, bradykinin, catecholamines and opioids) [6,8–13], succinate dehydrogenase ...
... The drugs used for PPC include K+ channel openers (diazoxide, pinacidil and nicorandil), volatile anesthetics (halothane, desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane) [7], various agonists of G protein-coupled receptors (adenosine, bradykinin, catecholamines and opioids) [6,8–13], succinate dehydrogenase ...
Nociceptor and Hair Cell Transducer Properties of TRPA1, a
... Mechanosensory channels of sensory cells mediate the sensations of hearing, touch, and some forms of pain. The TRPA1 (a member of the TRP family of ion channel proteins) channel is activated by pain-producing chemicals, and its inhibition impairs hair cell mechanotransduction. As shown here and prev ...
... Mechanosensory channels of sensory cells mediate the sensations of hearing, touch, and some forms of pain. The TRPA1 (a member of the TRP family of ion channel proteins) channel is activated by pain-producing chemicals, and its inhibition impairs hair cell mechanotransduction. As shown here and prev ...
how proteins move lipids and lipids move proteins
... and membrane dynamics. Its intricacy is illustrated by the known involvement of close to a hundred (isoforms of) kinases and phosphatases in the production and inactivation of signalling inositol lipids (BOX 1), and by the specific recognition of these lipids by receptor domains in at least another ...
... and membrane dynamics. Its intricacy is illustrated by the known involvement of close to a hundred (isoforms of) kinases and phosphatases in the production and inactivation of signalling inositol lipids (BOX 1), and by the specific recognition of these lipids by receptor domains in at least another ...
Modulation of Jellyfish Potassium Channels by External Potassium
... The large diversity of potassium channels provides richness to the functional repertoire of excitable cells. Their associated currents shape action potentials and regulate firing frequency in addition to maintaining the membrane resting potential (Connor and Stevens 1971; Hille 1992). The amplitude ...
... The large diversity of potassium channels provides richness to the functional repertoire of excitable cells. Their associated currents shape action potentials and regulate firing frequency in addition to maintaining the membrane resting potential (Connor and Stevens 1971; Hille 1992). The amplitude ...
Lipid Microdomains in Synapse Formation
... presynapses on micrometer-sized spherical substrates coated with either a synthetic polypeptide (i.e., poly-D-lysine; PDL)26,27 or lipid bilayer membranes.28,29 These reports have shown that the spherical geometry of these substrates is considerably favored for the observation of a functional synapt ...
... presynapses on micrometer-sized spherical substrates coated with either a synthetic polypeptide (i.e., poly-D-lysine; PDL)26,27 or lipid bilayer membranes.28,29 These reports have shown that the spherical geometry of these substrates is considerably favored for the observation of a functional synapt ...
PDF - Blood Journal
... (GPI)–anchored proteins, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and decay accelerating factor (CD55).14 They are also enriched in the transmembrane protein complement receptor 1 (CD35).15 Particularly, in nanovesicles, AChE is highly concentrated in relation to total protein and phospholipid content.4 ...
... (GPI)–anchored proteins, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and decay accelerating factor (CD55).14 They are also enriched in the transmembrane protein complement receptor 1 (CD35).15 Particularly, in nanovesicles, AChE is highly concentrated in relation to total protein and phospholipid content.4 ...
Mechanosensitive channels
Mechanosensitive channels or mechanosensitive ion channels are membrane proteins capable of responding to mechanical stress over a wide dynamic range of external mechanical stimuli. They are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The channels vary in selectivity for the permeating ions from nonselective between anions and cations in bacteria, to cation selective allowing passage Ca2+, K+ and Na+ in eukaryotes, and highly selective K+ channels in bacteria and eukaryotes.All organisms, and apparently all cell types, sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. MSCs function as mechanotransducers capable of generating both electrical and ion flux signals as a response to external or internal stimuli. Under extreme turgor in bacteria, non selective MSCs such as MSCL and MSCS serve as safety valves to prevent lysis. In specialized cells of the higher organisms, other types of MSCs are probably the basis of the senses of hearing and touch and sense the stress needed for muscular coordination. However, none of these channels have been cloned. MSCs also allow plants to distinguish up from down by sensing the force of gravity. MSCs are not pressure-sensitive, but sensitive to local stress, most likely tension in the surrounding lipid bilayer.