Photosynthesis Modeling Activity
... 2. Circle one glucose monomer in each polymer in the figure. 3. The sugars produced by photosynthesis are used for two different purposes: ● Some of the sugar molecules are used to synthesize __________________________________. ● Other glucose molecules go through the process of ____________________ ...
... 2. Circle one glucose monomer in each polymer in the figure. 3. The sugars produced by photosynthesis are used for two different purposes: ● Some of the sugar molecules are used to synthesize __________________________________. ● Other glucose molecules go through the process of ____________________ ...
Enzyme cofactors
... • the thiol reacts with the carboxyl forming a thioester • e.g. transfer of FA from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion • high-energy compound participating in many metabolic reactions (-oxidation of FA, citric acid cycle, biosynthesis of lipids…) ...
... • the thiol reacts with the carboxyl forming a thioester • e.g. transfer of FA from the cytoplasm to the mitochondrion • high-energy compound participating in many metabolic reactions (-oxidation of FA, citric acid cycle, biosynthesis of lipids…) ...
b-oxidation - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... • b-oxidation occurs pretty much as w/ even chain fatty acids until the final thiolase cleavage which results in a 3 carbon acyl-CoA (propionyl-CoA) • Special set of 3 enzymes are required to further oxidize propionyl-CoA • Final Product succinyl-CoA enters ...
... • b-oxidation occurs pretty much as w/ even chain fatty acids until the final thiolase cleavage which results in a 3 carbon acyl-CoA (propionyl-CoA) • Special set of 3 enzymes are required to further oxidize propionyl-CoA • Final Product succinyl-CoA enters ...
fermentation
... • If oxygen is not present, some cells can convert pyruvic acid into other compounds through additional biochemical pathways that occur in the cytosol. The combination of glycolysis and these additional pathways is fermentation. • Fermentation does not produce ATP, but it does regenerate NAD+, which ...
... • If oxygen is not present, some cells can convert pyruvic acid into other compounds through additional biochemical pathways that occur in the cytosol. The combination of glycolysis and these additional pathways is fermentation. • Fermentation does not produce ATP, but it does regenerate NAD+, which ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 29: Membrane Transport and metabolism
... Acyl carnitine exchanges across the membrane for free carnitine via an antiport carrier, and then on the mitochondrial side carnitine acyl transferase II transfers the acyl group back onto a mitochondrial molecule of HSCoA (Lehninger p. 603). Carnitine acyltransferase I is inhibited by the presence ...
... Acyl carnitine exchanges across the membrane for free carnitine via an antiport carrier, and then on the mitochondrial side carnitine acyl transferase II transfers the acyl group back onto a mitochondrial molecule of HSCoA (Lehninger p. 603). Carnitine acyltransferase I is inhibited by the presence ...
Metabolism
... • Transfers stored energy to two coenzyme hydrogen ion carriers to be released in the electron transport chain • One molecule of acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle at a time ...
... • Transfers stored energy to two coenzyme hydrogen ion carriers to be released in the electron transport chain • One molecule of acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle at a time ...
Slide 1
... – photons are absorbed by the light-harvesting complex of the PSI system and this excites an electron within P700 (P700+) – this electron is captured by the primary acceptor of PSI & creates a “hole” in p700 – the hole in P700 is filled by the electrons that have reached the bottom of the ETC of PSI ...
... – photons are absorbed by the light-harvesting complex of the PSI system and this excites an electron within P700 (P700+) – this electron is captured by the primary acceptor of PSI & creates a “hole” in p700 – the hole in P700 is filled by the electrons that have reached the bottom of the ETC of PSI ...
electron transport chain
... that uses energy stored in the form of an H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work. • In the mitochondrion, chemiosmosis generates ATP. • Chemiosmosis in chloroplasts also generates ATP, but light drives the electron flow down an electron transport chain and H+ gradient formation. • Prok ...
... that uses energy stored in the form of an H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work. • In the mitochondrion, chemiosmosis generates ATP. • Chemiosmosis in chloroplasts also generates ATP, but light drives the electron flow down an electron transport chain and H+ gradient formation. • Prok ...
Co Enzyme Lecture
... Metal activated enzymes – require or are stimulated by addition of metal ions (i.e. Mg2+, is required by many ATP requiring enzymes) ...
... Metal activated enzymes – require or are stimulated by addition of metal ions (i.e. Mg2+, is required by many ATP requiring enzymes) ...
Alternative Pathways to Cellular Respiration!
... Once the rubsico has the CO2 it travels to the bundlesheath cell, where it surrounds the vein, thus the calvin cycle can continue ...
... Once the rubsico has the CO2 it travels to the bundlesheath cell, where it surrounds the vein, thus the calvin cycle can continue ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
... starved state PK is already almost totally inhibited and thus does not play a role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis under these conditions. ...
... starved state PK is already almost totally inhibited and thus does not play a role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis under these conditions. ...
March 21, 1968, Number 12, Page Number 659
... Ma gnes ium is an activator in vitro of a host of enzyme systems that are critical to cellular metabolism. Prominent are the enzymes that hydrolyze and transfer phosphate groups, among them the phos-phatases and those concerned in the reactions involving adenosine triphosphate. Since adenosine triph ...
... Ma gnes ium is an activator in vitro of a host of enzyme systems that are critical to cellular metabolism. Prominent are the enzymes that hydrolyze and transfer phosphate groups, among them the phos-phatases and those concerned in the reactions involving adenosine triphosphate. Since adenosine triph ...
Test # 1
... Triglycerides, as compared to glycogen, are more highly reduced and thus provide more calories per gram when oxidized. They have lower density than does water and are stored largely in anhydrous form. Triglycerides can supply energy under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. They can be mobilized ...
... Triglycerides, as compared to glycogen, are more highly reduced and thus provide more calories per gram when oxidized. They have lower density than does water and are stored largely in anhydrous form. Triglycerides can supply energy under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. They can be mobilized ...
슬라이드 제목 없음 - 나노응용시스템연구센터
... ISFET based sensor type 1: Enzyme FET - Due to the reaction between the enzyme(as the bioreceptor) and the target material, Products(usually H+) are generated which change the local solution concentration, which in turn is detected by the ISFET. •Enzymes are bound to gate insulator through : -physi ...
... ISFET based sensor type 1: Enzyme FET - Due to the reaction between the enzyme(as the bioreceptor) and the target material, Products(usually H+) are generated which change the local solution concentration, which in turn is detected by the ISFET. •Enzymes are bound to gate insulator through : -physi ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: Original
... 2. the characteristics of ATP make it an exceptionally useful molecule that is used by all types of cells as their basic energy source. 3. the experiments performed by van Helmont, Priestley, Ingenhousz, and other scientists reveal that in the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and w ...
... 2. the characteristics of ATP make it an exceptionally useful molecule that is used by all types of cells as their basic energy source. 3. the experiments performed by van Helmont, Priestley, Ingenhousz, and other scientists reveal that in the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and w ...
Chapter 18 Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... A. coenzyme used in oxidation of carbon-oxygen bonds NAD+ B. reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide FADH2 C. used to transfer acetyl groups Coenzyme A D. oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD E. the coenzyme after C=O bond formation NADH + H+ ...
... A. coenzyme used in oxidation of carbon-oxygen bonds NAD+ B. reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide FADH2 C. used to transfer acetyl groups Coenzyme A D. oxidized form of flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD E. the coenzyme after C=O bond formation NADH + H+ ...
Krebs Cycle - 2008 BIOCHEM 201
... Citric Acid Cycle; The TCA Cycle • Function of citric acid cycle is to oxidize organic molecules under aerobic conditions. • 8 reactions in the Krebs cycle • Pyruvate is degraded to CO2. • 1 GTP (ATP in bacteria) and 1 FADH2 are produced during one turn of the cycle. • 3 NADH are produced during one ...
... Citric Acid Cycle; The TCA Cycle • Function of citric acid cycle is to oxidize organic molecules under aerobic conditions. • 8 reactions in the Krebs cycle • Pyruvate is degraded to CO2. • 1 GTP (ATP in bacteria) and 1 FADH2 are produced during one turn of the cycle. • 3 NADH are produced during one ...
NUCLEOTIDES METABOLISM Nucleotide
... Humans and other primates excrete uric acid in the urine, but most N goes out as urea Birds, reptiles and insects excrete uric acid and for them it is the major nitrogen excretory compound Gout occurs from accumulation of uric acid crystals in the extremities Allopurinol, which inhibits XO, is a tre ...
... Humans and other primates excrete uric acid in the urine, but most N goes out as urea Birds, reptiles and insects excrete uric acid and for them it is the major nitrogen excretory compound Gout occurs from accumulation of uric acid crystals in the extremities Allopurinol, which inhibits XO, is a tre ...
Document
... Lack of ADA causes accumulation of deoxyadenosine. Immune cells, which have potent salvage pathways, accumulate dATP, which blocks production of other dNTPs by its action on ribonucleotide reductase. Immune cells can’t replicate their DNA, and thus can’t mount an immune response. ...
... Lack of ADA causes accumulation of deoxyadenosine. Immune cells, which have potent salvage pathways, accumulate dATP, which blocks production of other dNTPs by its action on ribonucleotide reductase. Immune cells can’t replicate their DNA, and thus can’t mount an immune response. ...
Chapter 16 solutions
... and spontaneously hydrolyzed. What is the effect of arsenate on energy generation in a cell? Answer: The net reaction in the presence of arsenate is ...
... and spontaneously hydrolyzed. What is the effect of arsenate on energy generation in a cell? Answer: The net reaction in the presence of arsenate is ...
a new equation for calculating the number of atp molecules
... membranes or muscle fibers, where they are either oxidized for energy supply or stored. Fatty acids can be further degraded to acetyl-CoA by the beta-oxidation process. In each round of beta-oxidation the length of the acyl chain is reduced by two carbon atoms and there is a production of one NADH a ...
... membranes or muscle fibers, where they are either oxidized for energy supply or stored. Fatty acids can be further degraded to acetyl-CoA by the beta-oxidation process. In each round of beta-oxidation the length of the acyl chain is reduced by two carbon atoms and there is a production of one NADH a ...
Cellular Respiration
... Both acetyl (C2) groups received from prep reaction: – Acetyl (C2) group transferred to oxaloacetate (C2) to make citrate (C6) – Each acetyl oxidized to two CO2 molecules – Remaining 4 carbons from oxaloacetate converted back to oxaloacetate (thus “cyclic”) ...
... Both acetyl (C2) groups received from prep reaction: – Acetyl (C2) group transferred to oxaloacetate (C2) to make citrate (C6) – Each acetyl oxidized to two CO2 molecules – Remaining 4 carbons from oxaloacetate converted back to oxaloacetate (thus “cyclic”) ...
Chapter 9 Powerpoint
... – Oxidative phosphorylation (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis) For each molecule of glucose, between about 3638 ATP, although 36 is most widely used. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... – Oxidative phosphorylation (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis) For each molecule of glucose, between about 3638 ATP, although 36 is most widely used. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.